A study was conducted to explore the woody species diversity of Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical &amp; Social Sciences (KNIPSS) main campus spreading over approx. 45 acre of land area. Data was derived from extensive field survey. Identification of the woody species was done using local floras and various external resources. A total of 43 woody species belonging to 24 families is represented in study area. The 39 species were represented as angiosperm and 04 species as represented as gymnosperm respectably. Result showed that 17 families consists of only 1 species each, 2 families have 2 species each respectively. Of the total species, available in campus 30 are native and 13 are exotic.&nbsp; The Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Moraceae were the dominant families of the woody species on the KNIPSS main campus

Bhadouria, Rahul

Pandey, Ramesh

Qaseem, Mariya

Sheeba, Baby

Singh, Astha

Singh, Harshita

Tewari, Prakash Chandra

English

A study was conducted to explore the woody species diversity of Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical &amp; Social Sciences (KNIPSS) main campus spreading over approx. 45 acre of land area. Data was derived from extensive field survey. Identification of the woody species was done using local floras and various external resources. A total of 43 woody species belonging to 24 families is represented in study area. The 39 species were represented as angiosperm and 04 species as represented as gymnosperm respectably. Result showed that 17 families consists of only 1 species each, 2 families have 2 species each respectively. Of the total species, available in campus 30 are native and 13 are exotic. The Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Moraceae were the dominant families of the woody species on the KNIPSS main campus

G-Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (GJEST)

Biodiversity of Woody Species in Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences, Sultanpur U.P. India

Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals for agriculture practices such as pest control, weed control, increasing soil fertility etc. may cause some undesirable effects not only to the agricultural ecosystem but also to human health due to persistent in nature. This led to the need for curtail our dependency on chemical based agro products and search for alternatives, which are environmentally feasible. In this regard, sustainable agriculture plays a vital role worldwide as it offers the potential to meet the present agricultural needs. It is also an alternative to upgrade the national economy without degrading the environmental quality. Green technology also an eco-friendly way and ensures safe and healthy agricultural outputs for mankind. The contribution of green technology towards sustainable development in the agricultural sector has been described in the present paper. It also an attempt to elaborate the role of green technology along with how it would be helpful in the sustainable development

Dwivedi, Neetu

Kumar, Pravita

Dwivedi, S. K.

Kumar, Pramod

Sonowal, Kalpita

Singh, Jaspal

34  G- Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 4(4):34-38 (2017)        ISSN (Online): 2322-0228 (Print): 2322-021X G- Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (An International Peer Reviewed Research Journal) Available online at http://www.gjestenv.com RESEARCH ARTICLE  Biodiversity of Woody Species in Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences, Sultanpur U.P. India Astha Singh1, Baby Sheeba1, Harshita Singh1, Mariya Qaseem1, Ramesh Pandey1, Rahul Bhadouria1,2* and Prakash Chandra Tewari1 1Department of Environmental Sciences, KNIPSS Sultanpur, UP, INDIA  2Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA  ARTICLE INFO  Received: 04 Apr 2017 Revised:  12 July 2017 Accepted:20 Aug 2017 ABSTRACT A study was conducted to explore the woody species diversity of Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences (KNIPSS) main campus spreading over approx. 45 acre of land area. Data was derived from extensive field survey. Identification of the woody species was done using local floras and various external resources. A total of 43 woody species belonging to 24 families is represented in study area. The 39 species were represented as angiosperm and 04 species as represented as gymnosperm respectably. Result showed that 17 families consists of only 1 species each, 2 families have 2 species each respectively. Of the total species, available in campus 30 are native and 13 are exotic.  The Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Moraceae were the dominant families of the woody species on the KNIPSS main campus.  Key words: Biodiversity, woody species, KNIPSS Sultanpur 1) INTRODUCTION KNIPSS is one of the constituent college of Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, located at bank of almighty GomtiRiver (also known as Adi Ganga) with panoramic view through embankment and avenue trees from three sides The foundation stone of this institute was laid on 18 November 1972.The vast institute presently has 4 campuses, 9 faculties, 24 departments, 2 advanced centers of learning by a person of vision and action with firm commitment, Late Sri Kedar Nath Singh. India is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of biodiversity. However, natural habitats are under threat from advancing civilization and other unsustainable human activities, the attitude of the population towards conservation is relatively poor; thereby resulting to predictable loss of genetic resources and biodiversity at all levels. Further, conservation of biodiversity is supported to be an intrinsic responsibility of all human beings [1], but this is far from the case, as the rate of destructive anthropogenic activities on the vegetation and biodiversity at large scale daily. Forests in India are experiencing severe degradation due to increased human interferences [2, 3, 4]. Redhead [5] defined a tree as a plant species capable of attaining at least a height of about 6m. However continued existence of these trees species is in danger; because deforestation, logging and other various forms of unsustainable activities have drastically increased in recent times, thereby posing appreciable risk of local extinction to some species. There is need for conservation of biodiversity at local level for sustainable environment. In preset study we tried to list the woody species that exist in study area which may further helpful in assessing the rate of depletion in woody biodiversity at KNIPSS Sultanpur. 2) METHODOLOGY 2.1 Study site Kamla Nehru institute of Physical and Social Sciences main campus is located about 3 KM of the Sultanpur city (25°58’ to 26°40’N and 81°33’ to 82°40’E).The Sultanpur district belongs to Indo-Gangetic plains physiographic division of India. The institute campus is covered with alluvial deposits of river Gomti. Soil is fertile and sandy loam in texture. The climate is tropical monsoonal type with three distinct seasons; the cold (November to February), the hot (march to mid-June), and the rainy (mid-June to September), while October is regarded as strictly transitional month. The average annual temperature is 26.5° C in Sultanpur. The temperatures are highest on average in May, at around 35.5°C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 17.1° C. The annual rainfall is around 990 mm.  2.2 Sampling Procedure 2.2.1 Field observations An extensive field observation was taken between October 2016 to December 2016to observe and collect the various  * Corresponding Author: Mr. Rahul Bhadouria Email address: rahulbhadouriya2@gmail.com  35  woody plant species growing inside the KNIPSS main campus. During observations, visits were made to every nook and corner of the institute campus including the residential compounds in search of woody plants species. Identification of woody species has been done by various sources[6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. The woody plant species were listed into based on the habits. The woody plant species were categorized into trees and shrubs.   Fig.1. (a) Tree of Ficusbengalensis in front of science faculty on the KNIPSS main campus   Fig.1. (b) Satellite image from google earth of our study site KNIPSS main campus. 2.2.2 Soil Sampling and analysis Soil samples were collected from 10 random locations in KNIPSS main campus were sieved to pass through a 2 mm mess screen. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined by Walkley Black rabid titration method [11], total N (Nitrogen) by Kjeldahl method and total P (phosphorus) perchloric extraction method[12], pH was observed by digial pH meter. 3)  RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Soil analysis Initial soil characterization in terms of physicochemical parameters is listed in table 1. Table1. Initial characterization of soil of KNIPSS main campus, Sultanpur U.P. India. 3.2 Woody vegetation The woody plants of KNIPSS main campus along with their groups Hindi name, common name, botanical name, habit, origin status and importance along with their groups and families are presented in table 2.  A total of 43 woody plant species were recorded from the Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences main campus of which have39 species and 20 families were represented by the Angiosperms while 04 species and 04 families were represented by the Gymnosperms (Table3). Table3. Analysis of species, families and origin status of the woody plants of the KNIPSS, main campus Sultanpur U.P.  India Plant Groups Species Families Origin Status Native Exotic Angiosperms 39 20 29 10 Gymnosperms 04 04 01 03  Thus it is evident from the study that the woody plant species of KNIPSS, Sultanpur main campus is dominated by the Angiospermic group of plant species. Among Angiosperms, 35 woody plant species and 18 families were represented by the dicotyledons while 04 woody species and 02 families were represented by the monocotyledons (Table-4). Therefore the woody dicotyledonous plants dominate over the woody monocotyledonous plants atmain campus of the Institute. Table4. Analysis of species, families and origin status of the Angiospermic woody plants of the KNIPSS main campus, Sultanpur U.P.  India   The maximum number of woody plant species in studied area are represented by family Apocynaceae (06 species) followed by the families Caesalpiniaceae (05 species) and Moraceae (04 species). Therefore, the study indicates that Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Moraceae are the dominant families of the woody plants of KNIPSS main campus. These three families together constitute more than one-fourth of the woody plant species of KNIPSSmain campus The analysis on origin status of the woody plants of the KNIPSS main campus reveals that, of the total recorded woody species, 30species were represented by the native  whereas 13 by the exotic species Furthermore, among the angiospermic group of plants, 29 woody plants were represented by native species while 10 woody plants were represented by the exotic species (Table 3). Thus the native woody plants dominate over the exotic woody plants in the KNIPSS main campus. Study on the vascular flora of KNIPSS main campus also suggests the dominance of native species over the exotic species.    S.No. Parameters Values 01. Soil organic carbon (SOC) 5.93 ± 0.83  mg/g 02. Total N 0.63 ± 0.08  % 03. Total P 0.19 ± 0.06  % 04. pH 7.17±0.81 05. Texture Sandy loam Angiospermic Groups Species Families Origin Status Native Exotic Dicotyledons 35 18 28 07 Monocotyledons 04 02 01 03 Total 39 20 29 10 36  Table2. – List of the woody plants of KNIPSS main campus, Sultanpur U.P. India.  S. No Hindi Name Common Name Botanical Name Habit Origin status Importance ANGIOSPERMS  Dicotyledons Apocynaceae 1 Saptaparni Scholar tree Alstoniascholaris Tree  Exotic Medicinal 2 Kaner  Oleander Nerium oleander Shrub Native Ornamental & Medicinal 3 PeeliKaner  Yellow Oleander Thevetiaperuviana Shrub Native Ornamental, Paint & Biological Pest control 4 Madar Swallow wart Calotropisgigantean Shrub Native Fibres 5 Chandra bagha Indian Snakeroot Rauvolfiaserpentine Shrub Native Medicinal 6 Chandani Jasmine Tabernaemontanadivericata Tree Native Ornamental & Medicinal Anacardiaceae 1 Aam Mango Mangiferaindica Tree Native Food & Medicinal Bombacaceae 1 Semal Silk cotton tree Bombaxceiba Tree Native Fibres, Medicinal Caesalpiniaceae 1 Amaltas Indian laburnum Cassia fistula Tree Native Medicinal 2 Imli Tamarind Tamarindusindica Shrub Exotic Medicinal 3 Kachnar Orchid tree Bauhinia variegate Tree Native Medicinal 4 Gulmohar Flame tree Delonixregia Tree Native Medicinal, fuel  & ornamental 5 Seemia Spectacular  Cassia Sennaspectabilis Tree Exotic Ornamental & Firewood Caricaceae 1 Papita  Papaya Carica papaya Tree Native Ornamental, Cosmetic & Medicinal Euphorbiaceae 1  Orchid Crown of Thorns Euphorbia milisplendens Shrub Exotic Ornamental & Medicinal 2 Lal pate Painsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Shrub Exotic Ornamental & Medicinal 3.  Alder leaved cat tail Acalyphacapitata Shrub Native Food & Medicinal Febaceae 1. Sheesam Indian Rosewood Delbergiasisso Tree Native Timber &  Fuel wood        2 Dhak Sacred tree Buteamonosperma Tree Native Medicinal, timber, resin, Fodder Lamiaceae 1 Sagwan Teak Tectonagrandis Tree Native Timber Meliaceae 1 Neem Indian Lilac Azardirachtaindica Tree Native Medicinal, Lubricant, Cosmetics, vegetable Mimosaceae 1 Saras (Sheersa) Siris tree Albizialebbeck Tree Exotic Fodder, Medicinal, Timber 2 Babul Indian gum Arabic tree Acacia nilotica Tree Native Medicinal Moraceae 1 Anjeer Fig Ficuscarica Tree Native Medicinal & Ornamental 2 Gular Cluster fig Ficusracemosa Tree Native Fruit & Health use 37  3 Peeple Sacred Fig Ficusreligiosa Tree Native Medicinal 4 Bargad Banyan Ficusbengalensis Tree Native Medicinal Moringaceae 1 Senjana Drumstick tree Moringaoleifera Tree Native Food & Medicinal  Myrtaceae 1 Cheel Bottle brush Callistemon viminalis Shrub Exotic Antibacterial Malvaceae 1 Gurhal China rose Hibiscus rosa- sinensis Shrub Native Medicinal & ornamental Rosaceae 1 Gulab Rose Rosa hybrid Shrub Native Ornamental & Medicinal Rubiaceae 1 Rugmini Ixora red Ixoracoccinea Shrub Native Medicinal 2 Kadamb Kadam Neolamarckiacadamba Tree Native Medicinal Sapotaceae 1 Mahua Mahua tree Madhucaindica Tree Native Medicinal, Cosmetics, Fuel oil Ulmaceae 1 Chilbil Jungle cork tree Holopteleaintegrifolia Tree Native Medicinal Monocotyledons Arecaceae 1 Bismarkia Palm Bismarck Palm Bismarckianobilis Tree  Exotic Ornamental 2 Pygmy Date Palm Pygmy Date Palm Phoenix roebelenii Tree Exotic Ornamental 3 Taad Royal palm Roystonearegia Tree Exotic Ornamental Pandanaceae 1 Kewda Screw pine Pandanusodorifer Tree Native Perfume &Kevda oil GYMNOSPERMS Araucariaceae 1 Christmas tree Monkey Puzzles Araucaria Columnaris Tree Exotic Ornamental Cycadaceae 1 Japanese sago palm Sago Palm Cycusrevoluta Tree Exotic Sago & ornamental Cupressaceae 1 Vidya Cypress Cupressustorulosa Tree Native Medicinal, Ornamental, Timber Zamiaceae 1 Mexican cycad Cardboard Palm Zamia furfuraceae Shrub Exotic Ornamental The analysis on habits of the woody plants of the institute campus reveals that of the total recorded woody plant species, 30 were represented by trees and 13 by the shrubs. Hence the study indicates that the woody plant species of KNIPSS main campus are dominated by the trees. The study reveals that several woody species growing on the KNIPSS main campus are represented by the valuable medicinal plants. These includes; Cassia fistula, Tamarindusindica, Acacia nilotica, Azardirachtaindica, Ficusreligiosa, Ficusbengalensis, Madhucaindica, Bauhinia variegate, Holopteleaintegrifolia, Alstoniascholaris, Ixoracoccinea, Nerium oleander, Carica papaya,   Neolamarckiacadamba, Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, Rauvolfia serpentine and Tabernaemontanadivericata. Dalbergiasissooand Tectonagrandiswere the two most important timbers yielding woody species recorded from the KNIPSS main campus.Several woody plants recorded from the studied area like; Cassia fistula, Acacia nilotica, Delbergiasisso, Azardirachtaindica, Bombaxceiba, Tectonagrandis, Holopteleaintegrifolia, Albizialebbeck, Moringaoleifera, Alstoniascholaris. Roystonearegia andRosa hybridwhich are the chief component species of the dry deciduous forests of India. 38  4) CONCLUSION This list has provided details on the tree species growing in the study area. It can be concluded from the study that KNIPSS main campus hosts a large variety of woody plant species dominated by the Angiospermic group of plants. The Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Moraceae are the dominant families of the woody plantspecies of the KNIPSS main campus. The number of native woody plant species exceeds over the exotic woody plant species, and the woody plants of tree habit dominate over the other habit forms. However, it is very important to enhance biodiversity with plantation of appropriate native species in study area for in situ conservationas well as an effective means of conserving the species through ex situ method, by introducing botanical garden and possibly collecting seed banks for conservation in appropriate repositories. This is also important to collect a complete checklist of overall floristic biodiversity of this campus to enhance our knowledge about existing status of overall floral diversity.  Acknowledgement- Authors are highly thankful to Principal, KNIPSS for providing necessary infrastructures for experimental analysis.  REFERENCES 1) IUCN. 2010. IUCN, Gland bulletin. Retrieved from: http://www.iucn.org/ 2) Jha, C.S. and Singh, J.S. 1990. Composition and dynamics of dry tropical forest in relation to soil texture. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1, 609-614. 3) Bhadouria, R., Singh, R., Srivastava, P. and Raghubanshi, A.S. 2016. Understanding the ecology of tree-seedling growth in dry tropical environment: a management perspective. Energy Ecology and Environment, 1, 296–309. 4) Bhadouria, R., Srivastava, P., Singh, R., Tripathi, S. and Raghubanshi, A.S. 2017. Tree seedling establishment in dry tropics: an urgent need of interaction studies. Environment Systems and Decisions, 37, 88-100. 5) Redhead, J.F. 1971.The Timber Resources of Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Forestry, 1(7). 6) Hooker, J.D. 1875-1897. Flora of British India. 7 Vols. L. Reeves and Co., London U. K. 7) Duthie, J.F. 1903-1922. Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain and of the Adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan Tracts.3 Vols. Govt. of India, Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, India. 8) Bor, N.L. 1960.The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan, Pergamon Press, Oxford, U. K. 9) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group-APG III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 105-121. 10) Flowerofindia.net 11) Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. 1934.An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 9–38. 12) Olsen, S.R. et al. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. - Agronomy Mongraph No. 9, 2nd edition Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.                     

Green technology: an eco-friendly approach towards sustainable agriculture

A study was conducted to explore the woody species diversity of Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences (KNIPSS) main campus spreading over approx. 45 acre of land area. Data was derived from extensive field survey. Identification of the woody species was done using local floras and various external resources. A total of 43 woody species belonging to 24 families is represented in study area. The 39 species were represented as angiosperm and 04 species as represented as gymnosperm respectably. Result showed that 17 families consists of only 1 species each, 2 families have 2 species each respectively. Of the total species, available in campus 30 are native and 13 are exotic.  The Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Moraceae were the dominant families of the woody species on the KNIPSS main campus

Biodiversity of Woody Species in Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences, Sultanpur U.P. India

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