NCD is medical conditions that is not caused by infectious agent but are caused as a direct result of diet, life style and environmental factors. NCDs can refers to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly such as autoimmune disease, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and chronic kidney diseases. NCDs are leading cause of death in the world representing 63% of all annual deaths. The major cause of NCD is eating unhealthy foods like food so much sweet, high salt, high fat, other junk food and fruits persevered with chemical fertilizer and drinking excess amount of alcohol. Doing no physical activity have increased working hours, high stress level, are major cause of NCDs.Ayurveda is science of life it is mentioned that the 3 pillars of healthy and long life are proper Aahar, Nidra, Bhrahmcharya of our body. Our diet is an essential factor for the formation of body. Charak says that consuming improper diet in improper way is the main cause of disease this is explained under Ashtaaharvidhivisheshayatan, Viruddhaahar. Use of incompatible food leads to skin disorder, GIT disorder, Diabetes, obesity, hence these should be avoided. Ayurveda imphasizes regulation of Aahar Vihar in the form of Ashtaaharvidhivisheshayatan, Dincharya, Ritucharya. Ayurveda can definitely yield reliable efficacious result when applied to all manner of chronic diseases

Rakhecha, *Ankita

Shukla, Sanjay

English

International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

ISSN: 2322 - 0902 (P) ISSN: 2322 - 0910 (O)      IJAPR | May 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 5  80 International Journal of Ayurveda  and Pharma Research  Review Article   EFFECT OF AAHAR AND VIHAR IN NCDS W.S.R TO MODERN ERA Ankita Rakhecha1*, Sanjay Shukla2 *1MD Scholar, 2Lecturer, Dept. of Roga Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan, Govt. Ayurveda Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. ABSTRACT NCD is medical conditions that is not caused by infectious agent but are caused as a direct result of diet, life style and environmental factors. NCDs can refers to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly such as autoimmune disease, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and chronic kidney diseases. NCDs are leading cause of death in the world representing 63% of all annual deaths. The major cause of NCD is eating unhealthy foods like food so much sweet, high salt, high fat, other junk food and fruits persevered with chemical fertilizer and drinking excess amount of alcohol. Doing no physical activity have increased working hours, high stress level, are major cause of NCDs. Ayurveda is science of life it is mentioned that the 3 pillars of healthy and long life are proper Aahar, Nidra, Bhrahmcharya of our body. Our diet is an essential factor for the formation of body. Charak says that consuming improper diet in improper way is the main cause of disease this is explained under Ashtaaharvidhivisheshayatan, Viruddhaahar. Use of incompatible food leads to skin disorder, GIT disorder, Diabetes, obesity, hence these should be avoided. Ayurveda imphasizes regulation of Aahar Vihar in the form of Ashtaaharvidhivisheshayatan, Dincharya, Ritucharya. Ayurveda can definitely yield reliable efficacious result when applied to all manner of chronic diseases. KEYWORDS: Viruddhahar, Ashtaaharvidhivisheshayatan, Dincharya, Ritucharya. INTRODUCTION Non communicable diseases are better known as life style diseases, whose occurrence is primarily based on the daily habits of people. It is medical condition which is non– transmissible but it likely to continue progressively unless inverted. The main factors contributing to NCDs include bad food habits, physical inactivity, disturbed biological clock, wrong body posture, addictions such as smoking, alcohol, tobacco. The four main type of life style diseases are 1.Cardiovascular disease like heart failure, stoke, HTN 2.Cancer 3.COPD 4. Diabetes and other disease like obesity, arthritis, constipation, etc. Ayurveda uniquely perceives on intimate relationship between food and life style of an individual to health and disease. Aahar, Vihar, and Brahmacharya are basic need of life. Aahar has been enumerated first, which shows its importance with the changing life style. Fast food and junk food are becoming the important part of food habit. But any aberration in diet & even I their preparation style leads to ill death. Ayurveda advocates specific rules for taking diet such as Ashtaaharvidhivisheshayatan, Aaharvidhividhan, Dwadashpravicharna and also specific regimen for regulation life style such as Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Ratricharya and Sadvritta. Aahar and Vihar are the key modalities of prevention and management of disease in Ayurveda. Ayurveda treating the patient as whole meaning intervention target toward complete physical mental, psychological, and spiritual wellbeing. This science is a wonderful option in non-communicable diseases or life style diseases. Aims and Objectives This article is aimed to draw role of Aahar and Vihar causing NCDs which can be used in preventive approach of treatment of NCDs. Research Methodology Material has been collected from ancient Ayurvedic texts, research journals and electronical database. In the review efforts has been made to study rules and regulation of diet and their relationship with NCDs. Aahar The word Aahar is derived from the root ‘हृतहरण’ means to be taking in. According to Dalhana and Chakrapani “which is swallowed through throat, oesophagus, and gastrointestinal tract is called Aahar.” ‘ अन्नवृत्तिकारानाम शे्रष्ठः’ (ch.su.25/40) Ankita Rakhecha, Sanjay Shukla. Effect of Aahar and Vihar in NCDS w.s.r to Modern Era      Available online at: http://ijapr.in  81 Anna or food is the best among things which sustains life and also cause for their strength, color, complexion and vigour and development (Bala, Varna, Upachaya) in Ayurveda, food is also called ”Mahabhaishajya” which means superior medicine. As per Lolimbaraj,  When diet is wrong medicine is of no use, when diet is correct there is no need of medicine. Most of incurable diseases are due to improper diet. Acharya Charak says that the body as well as the diseases is caused by Aahar. Food essentially contains five type of Elements of nature i.e. Panchamahabutas which are Akash, Vayu, Agni, Jala, Prithvi. When consumed in appropriate proportion, food can help in balancing similar element of body. Chakrapani opines that light/Laghu foods are Vayu, Agni, Akash mahabhuta predominant, while heavy/guru foods are Prithvi and Jala mahabhuta predominant, considering the property of the article or food the intake of heavy ones is advised as one third or half of the saturation point and not excessive saturation even in case of light/Laghu aahar in order to maintain the proper strength of Agni because Charak described that guru Aahar suppresses the appetite and decline the Agni, actively whereas Laghu aahar activate the Agni and digest the Aahar easily.  Aahar should be taken according to the power of digestion. Various author classified Aahar into different ways. 1. According to specific action Hita and Ahita  2. According to Veerya sheet, Ushna, Laghu guru, Ruksha, Snigdha, Mand, Tikshna  3. According to Satmya pravar, Madhyam, Avar.  4. According to Rasa Madhur, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya.  5. Based on function Jivniya, Brimhniya, Langhaniya, Deepaniya etc.  6. Based on the form Ashita, Leedha, Peeta, Khadita.  7. As per consistency Mand, Peya, Vilepi, Yavagu.  The Ayurvedic texts gives the concept of Pathya Apathya means the wholesome Ahara which do not adversely affect the body and mind are considered as Pathya, while those which adversely affect the body and mind are apathy. Dietetics in Ayurveda Ayurveda emphasizes the material quantity of food but places even greater emphasis on the selection of food, oats processing and cooking, rules for healthy eating. Charak describes the eight principles of Aaharvidhiviseshayatan. There are eight specific factors of method of dieting such as Prakriti, Karana, Samyoga, Rashi, Desh, Kala, Upyogsamstha, Upyokta. The characters of these factors having good or bad results mutually benefactors. One should try to understand them and thereafter desire for the wholesome only. Aaharvidividhan is the prescribed method of dieting for the healthy person and the sick who take wholesome food timely and usually. These are Ushna, Snigdha, Matravat, Jeernaveeryaviruddha, Estaedesha, Eshtesarvopkaranam, Naatidrutam, Naativilambitam, Ajalpan, Ahasan, Tanmana Bhunjitam.   Ushna Increases Agni, digested quickly, does Vatanuloman Snigdha Increase strength, clarity of complexion Jeerneashniyat Eaten foods provides the lifespan without afflicting any Dhatu, entrance of channels are open appetite is arisen Veeryaviruddha Not afflicted with disorders cause by food antagonist Estaedesha,  Eshtesarvopkaranam Not fall in psychic disturbance Naatidrutam, naativilambitam Food digested regularly   Hence all the above factors are responsible for proper secretion of gastric juices and so proper digestion. Vihar The word Vihar derived from Hri dhatu and vi Upsarga and Ghan pratyay. Distribution, transportation, wandering is synonyms of Vihar. Vihar includes the conducts /activity by a person in daily or seasonal routine. Amongst them Acharyas have quoted their importance and usefulness or harmfulness according to the specific condition. Acharyas tells to follow some daily regimen as  Dinacharya,   Ritucharya   Ratricharya   Trayoupastambha palna   Sadvritta   Achar rasayan   To suppress the Dharniya vega   Not to suppress Adharniya vega   Not to do Hina, Mithya and Atiyoga of Indriya, Vak and Mann.  With which person will able to be healthy. In Su.Chi.14, there is explanation of the regimens like Danta dhavana, Anjana, Snana, Vyayama etc. in order to be followed to prevent the diseases and to remain healthy. Ayurvedic acharya’s have mention earlier that in the future there will be increase in number of the life style diseases, so one who likes to maintain good health should be aware of his life style.   Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2018;6(5):80-83      IJAPR | May 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 5  82 Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Non-communicable diseases is better known as life style diseases whose occurrence is primarily based on the daily habits of peoples and also result of an inappropriate relationship with their environment. NCDs may be chronic diseases of long duration and slow progression or they may be result in more rapid death. The main factor contributing to NCDS include bad food habits, physical inactivity, wrong body posture, disturbed biological clock tobacco, smoking alcohol drinking. The four main types of NCDs are cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. The other diseases included hypertension, obesity, arthritis, chronic liver disease, sprue, piles, constipation etc. According to Ayurveda almost all the diseases are caused by the Mithya aahar, Vihar which we follow. Nija vikara in Ayurveda are similar to NCDs due to their etiological factors. In Nija vikar vata, Pitta, and Kapha vitiate first which later on produces diseases. In Astanga Sangraha Sutrastana, there is description about Maharogas which includes Vatavyadhi, Ashmari, Meha, Udararoga, Bhagandara, Arsha, Grahani we can conclude that these disease are NCDs. In this mechanical century all are treating the body as a machine and they are bleeding a mechanical life without considering their physical, mental, spiritual, social wellbeing. So are suffering later with chronic and incurable disease which is nothing but a product of their ignorance. Relation between Aahar, Vihar and NCDs Healthy state of body and diseases condition is entirely depends upon Agni. According to Ayurveda mandagni is root cause of every disease. Due to this Mandagni aaharpachankriya gets affected leading to production of Sama ahar rasa which ultimately causes Rasadhatwagni mandya and Uttarottar dhatu remains malnourished. According to Ayurveda various Aaharaj and Viharaj nidan are causes of Mandagni which leads to malnourishment and metabolism disturbance and further NCDS.  Aaharaj nidan: Atiruksha, Atisnigdha, Guru Bhojan, Vidahi bhojan, Ama bhojan, Vishtambhi dagdha bhojan. Ajeernasan, Vishamasan, Abhojan, Asatmya bhojan. Vishamasan or abnormal diet of five types-  1. Adhyasan-To take a diet before the digestion of previous diet is complete which takes on an average four hours in Adhyasan. If food is taken before digestion there are every possibilities of indigestion, gaseous distension, diarrhoea, constipation.  2. Asamashana-To take food ay wrong time and too in excess or in less quantity i.e., Amatravat. It Causes Santarpanjanya Vyadhi and Aptarpanjanya vyadhi.    Santarpanjanya vyadhi    Apatarpanjanya vyadhi Prameha, Pidika, Kotha, Kandu, Alasaka, Visuchika, Mutrakriccha, Arochaka, Tandra,  Klaibya, Atistholya, Alasya, Gaurav, Moha, Shopha.  Deha-Agni-Bala-Oja-kshya, Karshya, Jwara, Kasa, Unmada, Arochak, Mala-Mutra vibandha, Sandhishool, Vatajanya vyadhi.    3. Samashan- It means to take such a meal which is prepared by mixture of beneficial and harmful substance together. It aggravates the 3 Doshas which causes Nija vyadhis.  4. Anashana-It means not to take food at all or fast. It causes lowering of strength, complexion, metabolic activity, reduction of efficiency of mind, sense, intellect, destruction of Oja, weakening of life force, and creation of Vataj diseases.  5. Viruddhashana-It means to take food which in many respects is antagonist to the wellbeing of human. Use of Viruddhasan leads to skin, GIT disorder, anaemia, leucoderma, hyperacidity, impotency etc.   Viharaj nidan- Vegavidharan, Ratrijagaran, Diwaswapan, Langhan, Alasya, Mansik Bhav (Dvesh, Krosh, Bhaya, Shok, Ativyayam, Avyayam).  1. Vegavidharan- Suppression of all natural urges and produces them forcibly leads to Udararoga, Pandu, Ardhavebhedak, Atisara, Shosha, Hridaroga, Stanyaroga, Udavarta. 2. Ratijagaran- Remaining awake during night causes vitiates the Agni leads to inappropriate digestion of food.  3. Diwaswapna- Sleeping during that time causes Halimak, Shirahshool, Hridya pralepa.  4. Vyayam-It means exercise and Avyayam causes Agnimandya. In modern era some of life style changes cause NCDs. Such as-    Decreased physical activity Continuous and long time workout without breaks COPD, diabetes mellitus, stroke, obesity, hypertension, arteriosclerosis Spinal problems, joint pain, dementia, chronic backache Exposure to the same environments Occupational lung disease, cerebro vascular disease Ankita Rakhecha, Sanjay Shukla. Effect of Aahar and Vihar in NCDS w.s.r to Modern Era      Available online at: http://ijapr.in  83 without physical and mental rest Use of junk food Cancerous growth, arthritis, nutritional deficiency Excessive usage of mobile, computer Computer vision syndrome, xeropthalmia, skin disorder Addiction of alcohol, smoking and drugs Asthma, cancer, chronic liver disease, bronchitis Usage of more analgesics GI diseases, liver and renal diseases Lack of proper sleep at night Severe joint pain, anxiety disorder, depression   DISCUSSION In the present era, non-communicable diseases are prone to kill more people than communicable diseases. Causes of these diseases are mostly related to life style such as physical inactivity, junk food etc. Increasing sedentary life style due to growing use of technology in daily life causes higher levels of physical inactivity. The disturbed sleep pattern and wrong dietery habits are also a part of changing lifestyle which leads to onset of many diseases. CONCLUSION Average life of man is increasing due to good control of communicable diseases but non-communicable diseases are increasing & threatening new challenges. Ayurveda emphasizes on maintenance of health as well as prevention of disease. There are many interventions described in Ayurveda for the purpose of health promotion. These interventions can also be applied against NCD‟s. Dincharya, Ritucharya and Trayopas-thambha is the main tools for maintenance of physical health. Yogic practices promote physical as well as mental health. Prevention of diseases especially NCD‟s. REFERENCES  1. PV Sharma, Aturveda deepika commentary by Chakrapanidatta, Charak samhita.  2. Dr.Sarwesha kumar Agrawal, Swasthvritta vigyan, Chokhamba orientalia, Varanasi.  3. Pt. Kashinath Shastri, Charak samhita, vidyotini Hindi commentary, Chaukhamba Sanskrit sansthan, Varanasi  4. Dr. Sonal Shukla, Agnimandya wsr to life style disorder.  5. Prashant Shinde, effect of junk food/fast food on menstrual health: A review study, IAMJ (Oct-Nov, 2017)  6. Taufique Ahmed, Role of Ayurvedic doctors in health system of north-east India in the management of lifestyle diseases, IJAPR, 2017;5 (10)  7. Preeti Mishra, Contribution of “Nitya sevniya dravya “(Nutrition in Ayurveda) for perfect health in present era, IAMJ (Oct-Nov, 2017).             Disclaimer: IJAPR is solely owned by Mahadev Publications - dedicated to publish quality research, while every effort has been taken to verify the accuracy of the content published in our Journal. IJAPR cannot accept any responsibility or liability for the articles content which are published. The views expressed in articles by our contributing authors are not necessarily those of IJAPR editor or editorial board members.  Cite this article as:  Ankita Rakhecha, Sanjay Shukla. Effect of Aahar And Vihar In NCDS W.S.R To Modern Era. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research. 2018;6(5):80-83. Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared  *Address for correspondence Dr.Ankita Rakhecha MD Scholar,  PG Dept. of Roga Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan, Govt. Ayurveda Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Email: ankitarakhecha07@gmail.com Contact: 7828196251 

EFFECT OF AAHAR AND VIHAR IN NCDS W.S.R TO MODERN ERA

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EFFECT OF AAHAR AND VIHAR IN NCDS W.S.R TO MODERN ERA

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