Urolithiasis is the formation of renal calculi within the urinary tract of susceptible individual of various etiopathogenic factors with a complex pathogenic manifestation. It is a worldwide problem which was evident from the ancient times of Egyptian period. It is the third most urinary disorder with a lifetime risk of 15-25% and the prevalence rate of 3-5%. In the management of urolithiasis, the clinicians face a deprived status of mind with its multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Thus the exact therapy still remains to be debated with this modest understanding of pathophysiology and genetical aspects of urolithiasis. As a result of these poor understandings, an attempt was made to detail the multifactorial etiopathogenesis and genetical aspects of urolithiasis with a view to advancement in the clinical management. Moreover to this attempt, this review also summarized the updated clinical management in terms of specific and surgical measures along with its differential diagnosis to the extent of intending an immense sound over its management to the clinicians
