COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF C. CASSIA AND C. ZEYLANICUM IN RAW264.7, SW1353 AND PRIMARY CHONDROCYTES
Objectives: The objective of this research was to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. cassia (CC) and C. zeylanicum (CZ) in mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) and human chondrosarcoma (SW1353) cell lines as well as in human primary chondrocytes, to correlate their efficacy in management of osteoarthritis (OA) related pathophysiology.Methods: RAW264.7, SW1353 and human primary chondrocytes were pre-treated with aqueous extracts of C. cassia (CCW) and C. zeylanicum (CZW) and methanolic extracts of C. cassia (CCM) and C. zeylanicum (CZM) at various concentrations (0.1-100 µg/ml) for 1 h, followed by stimulation with LPS and IL-1β, respectively. The effect of CCM, CCW, CZM and CZW on the production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated by Griess reaction. Evaluation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene (LTB4) proteins was performed by EIA-Monoclonal based kits. The effect of these extracts on matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs-2, 9 and 13) levels was analyzed by SensoLyte® fluorimetric MMP assay kit.Results: The methanolic extracts (CCM, CZM) of both the varieties of cinnamon were found to be more effective than the aqueous extracts in terms of PGE2, LTB4 and MMP inhibition.We found that in RAW 264.7, CCM and CZM decreased NO and PGE2 production by45.40%±8.6; 65.63%±5.7 and 79.88%±1.2; 95.91%±0.3, respectively. Similarly, in SW1353 and chondrocytes, CCM decreased PGE2 production by 68.8%±6.4;36.1%±9.5, respectively whereas CZM reduced PGE2 production by 70.2%±2.3; 52.3%±5.4, respectively. Moreover, in SW1353 and chondrocytes CCM decreased LTB4 production by 85.47%±3.03; 99.6%±0.2, respectively whereas CZM reduced LTB4 production by 67.5%±5.6; 75.6%±1.2, respectively. In chondrocytes both CCM and CZM significantly reduced the levels of MMP-2(55.7%±5.2; 73.1%±7.1), MMP-9 (57.5%±4.7; 74.5%±5.2) and MMP-13 (90.1%±2.6; 71.2%±12.5), respectively. However, on comparing the two species of cinnamon, C. zeylanicumwas found to be more effective than C. cassia andthus could be considered for its potential therapeutic application in the management of inflammatory conditions associated with OA.Conclusion: The present study would help in choosing better of the two species of cinnamon for their possible therapeutic application in the management of inflammatory condition associated with OA.Â
