Asian apricot aphid, Myzus mumecola (Matsumura, 1917) (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Aphidinae) has been found during spring of 2021 in many localities in Serbia (Ljig, Smederevo, Velika Plana, Belgrade and Šid) on cultivated apricot. The species is of Asian origin, a few years ago it was found in Italy and in Hungary. Research of the species indicates that it is rapidly widening its distribution in Europe. Damages made to apricot trees by feeding on leaves at young branches and making red galls are significant. Presence, damage and biology of M. mumecola needs to be studied in the future, especially its secondary hosts which are not enough known

Petrović-Obradović, Olivera

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University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology: Open Journal Systems

 Acta Entomologica Serbica, 2021, 26(2): xx-xx UDC:  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5785772    ASIAN APRICOT APHID, MYZUS MUMECOLA (MATSUMURA, 1917) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE), FOUND IN SERBIA   OLIVERA PETROVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ  University of Belgrade – Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia  E-mail: petrovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs           AbstractAsian  apricot  aphid, Myzus  mumecola (Matsumura,  1917)  (Hemiptera:  Aphididae,  Aphidinae)  has  been  found  duringspring of 2021 in many localities in Serbia (Ljig, Smederevo, Velika Plana, Belgrade and Šid) on cultivated apricot. Thespecies is of Asian origin, a few years ago it was found in Italy and in Hungary. Research of the species indicates that itis rapidly widening its distribution in Europe. Damages made to apricot trees by feeding on leaves at young branches andmaking  red  galls  are  significant.  Presence,  damage and  biology  of M. mumecola needs  to  be  studied  in  the  future, especially its secondary hosts which are not enough known.KEY WORDS: fauna, invasive, distribution, pest, virus vectorIntroductionApricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is an important fruit in Serbia, annual production counts 24,000 t (Keserović et al., 2010). Apricot is mostly planted in its North part (around Subotica) and Central part (around Belgrade and Čačak).  Until  now,  aphids  have  not  made  important  damages  to  apricot  breeding  even  though  many  ofPrunus feeding  species  have  been  recorded  on  apricot  in  Serbia,  such  as: Brachycaudus  cardui (L.), Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffr.) and Myzus persicae (Sulz). (Petrović-Obradović, 2003).  Also,  some  polyphagous  aphids,  as Aphis  craccivora Koch., Aphis  gossypii Glov., Aphis  spiraecolaPatch, Macrosiphum  euphorbiae (Thom.)  occasionally  visit  apricot  (Jevremović et  al.,  2016;  Vučetić et  al., 2010; Blackman & Eastop, 2021). Myzus mumecola (Matsumura, 1917), a known pest of Japanese apricot - Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.), has been recently found in Italy (Panini et al., 2017) and Hungary (Borbély et al., 2021) feeding on 2 O. PETROVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ  cultivated apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). This was the reason that an intensive study of this aphid started in Serbia in spring of 2021.  Genus Myzus is palearctic genera, compromising about 55 species (Blackman & Eastop, 2021; Favret, 2021), many of them are of Asian origin. Among more than 380 aphid species found in Serbia (Petrović-Obradović et al., 2021) there are 11 Myzus species:  Myzus ascalonicus Donc., Myzus cerasi (Fabr.), Myzus certus (Walk.), Myzus cymbalariae Str., Myzus langei (Bӧrn.), Myzus ligustri (Mosl.), Myzus linariae Holm, Myzus lythri (Schr.), Myzus myosotidis (Bӧrn.), Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and Myzus varians Dav. (Petrović-Obradović, 2003). Some of the most important pests in plant breeding belong to the Myzus genera, such as M. persicae, M. cerasi and M. varians.   Materials and methods  This research was conducted from April to October 2021 on many localities in Serbia, where apricot is reared. Aphids were collected from infested terminal shoots and leaves of apricots. Aphids were transferred alive to the laboratory. Most of the collected samples were preserved in 70% alcohol, while some were mounted on microscope slides using standard methods (Eastop & van Emden, 1972). Specimens were identified using a stereomicroscope (Leica, Type: DMLS2) and identification keys (Blackman & Eastop, 2021). Samples stored in alcohol-filled tubes and also microscopic slides were deposited in the collection of the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Agriculture.   Results and Discussion  Abbreviations in the text: al=alatae viviparous parthenogenetic females; apt=apterous viviparous parthenogenetic females.  Material examined  Aphids have been collected only from cultivated apricot (Prunus armeniaca). Localities, dates and found aphid forms are: Ljig, Ivanovci, 03.05.2021, apt, al; Zemun, Dunavski kej, 20.05.2021, apt, al; Zemun, Gornji grad, 25.05.2021, apt, al; Beograd, Radmilovac, 25.05.2021, apt, al; Novi Beograd, Blok 28, 26.05.2021; apt, al; Smederevo, Vodanj, 26.05.2021, apt, al; Beograd, Zaklopača, 26.05.2021, al; Ilinci, Šid, 27.05 2021, al; Velika Plana, Krnjevo, 30.05.2021, al; Ljig, Ivanovci, 07.06.2021. al.  Morphology  Apterous viviparous females are light green, elongate, about 2.3 to 3.0 mm long. Antennae are long but not exceeding body length (Fig. 1). Head between antennae has tubercules typical for Myzus genera (Fig. 1A) and characteristic imbrications of integument (Fig. 1B). Legs are mainly green, dorsal side of abdomen is without sclerotic patterns, but dark green lines are visible at apterous females and larvae. Siphunculi and cauda are pale. Winged viviparous females are darker green, with large sclerotic pattern on dorsal side of abdomen, marginal sclerites being also present and lateral patches present on ventral side (Figs. 2, 3). Siphunculi and cauda of winged females are dusky.      Asian apricot aphid Myzus mumecola in Serbia 3   Figure 1. Myzus mumecola, apterous viviparous parthenogenetic females, A – left-dorsal side and right-ventral side; B – detail of imbrications of integument.     Figure 2. Myzus mumecola, abdomen of alata viviparous parthenogenetic female, dorsal side (left) and ventral side (right). 4 O. PETROVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ  Taxonomy  Order Hemiptera, family Aphididae, subfamily Aphidinae, genera Myzus, subgenera Myzus. Synonims: Macrosiphum mumecola Matsumura 1917 and Myzus umecola Shinji, 1924. M. mumecola is morphologically similar to common Prunus persicae feeding species, M. persicae from which apterous viviparous females and alatae can be distinguished by shape of siphunculi.  In M. mumecola siphunculi are tapering from base to flange but they are slightly swollen in M. persicae. Also, siphunculi are more than 2.3 times longer than cauda in M. mumecola, and less than 2.3 times longer than cauda in M. persicae (Blackman and Eastop 2021).     Figure 3. Myzus mumecola, colony on apricot leaf (one alatae viviparous parthenogenetic female and larvae of the same).   Symptoms  Asian apricot aphid is feeding on terminal leaves on very young branches and is making red pseudo-galls (Figs. 4, 5). From April to June, symptoms of infection are visible from long distance as infected leaves are deformed and its color is changed in red (Fig. 6).  Damage to apricot: Damages have been noticed at home gardens, where no insecticides were used, and damages have been more severe on early varieties, such as NS39, than late varieties. Until now, in conventional apricot cultivation no significant damages have been noticed. During summer 2021, apricot trees have been partly recovered from the spring infestation. More important damages could be expecting in the future because M. mumecola is very effective vector of the Sharka virus (Plum pox virus, PPV) (Panini    et al., 2017; Borbély et al., 2021). Asian apricot aphid Myzus mumecola in Serbia 5                                      Figure 4. Myzus mumecola, pseudo-galls on tips of branches.                                      Figure 5. Myzus mumecola, aphids on leaves deformities.    Biology  Until now, life cycle of M. mumecola is not clear enough anywhere in the world. It is known that the species is heteroecious everywhere. In Serbia, it is observed that M. mumecola is leaving apricot by the end of May or in first part of June. Apart from Prunus armeniaca L., it has been found on Prunus ansu Kom., Prunus cornuta (Royle) Steud. and Prunus mume (Sieb) (Holman, 2009). These four Prunus are its primary hosts. But secondary hosts in Europe and Asia are still unknown (Borbély et al., 2021). Some apterae have been found on Lonicera quinquelocularis Hardv. (Caprifoliaceae) in India and one doubtful sample from Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae) in Kashmir needs to be confirmed (Blackman & Eastop, 2021). Overwintering is probably taking place on apricot, fundatrices have been found in Hungary (Borbély et al., 2021). Only apterous viviparous parthenogenetic females and alatae viviparous parthenogenetic females have been found in Serbia, for the moment. Inspection of apricot in October 2021 have not resulted in finding of 6 O. PETROVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ  sexuales (males and oviparous females), which are expected to come back to apricot before winter. Further research on biology of M. mumecola is necessary.      Figure 6. Appearance of tips of apricot tree infested with M. mumecola, at the end of May.   Distribution  Asia (Japan, China, Taiwan, East Siberia, East India, North-West Himalaya), Northern Italy (Panini et al., 2017) and Hungary (Borbély et al., 2021). Natural enemies:  Aphis specific predators, Coccinellidae (larvae, pupae and adults) and Syrphidae (larvae) have been found in aphid colonies. Parasitoids have been reared from mummies and identified as Ephedrus persicae Froggatt. In total, 3 wasps emerged from mummies, 2 females and 1 male. Species E. persicae is a common and often found parasitoid of fruit aphids in Europe and Asia (Žikić et al., 2009). Together with this finding there is a total of 385 known aphid species in Serbia, 12 of them being placed in genus Myzus (Petrović-Obradović et al., 2021).     Conclusion  Myzus mumecola (Matsumura, 1917) (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Aphidinae) is an invasive species, originating from Asia, found during 2021 in Serbia; previously being detected in Italy and Hungary. Asian apricot aphid has been found on cultivated apricot in home gardens, on many localities in Serbia, which indicates that it is spreading very quickly. It is making colonies on tips of young branches, making deformation of leaves and forming pseudo-galls which quickly turn red. M. mumecola has potential to become a serious pest, at least in gardens where insecticides are not regularly used. Since the end of June, aphids have not been found on apricot. Their secondary hosts are unknown. Biology of M. mumecola needs to be studied in the future. With this record, there are now 12 Myzus species and totally 385 aphid species in Serbia.    Asian apricot aphid Myzus mumecola in Serbia 7  Acknowledgements  The research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, through contract with Faculty of Agriculture - University of Belgrade, number 451-03-9/2021-14/200116. Author is very grateful to Mrs. Dragica Smiljanić (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia) who made the drawings and to professor Željko Tomanović (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia) who made identification of the parasitoids.   References  Blackman, R. L., & Eastop, V. F. (2021). Aphids on the World’s Plants: An online identification and information guide. Retrieved from: http://www.aphidsonworldsplants.info/ [Accessed on: July 2021]. Borbély, C., György, Z., Szathmáry, E., & Markó, V. (2021). Apricot aphid, Myzus mumecola (Matsumura), a new and important pest of apricot in Hungary. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 128, 781-787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00436-z Eastop, V. F., & Van Emden, H. F. (1972). The Insect Material (1-45). In Aphid Technology (Ed.) H. F. Van Emden. Academic Press. London and New York, 1-344. Favret, C. (2021). Aphid Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. http://Aphid.SpeciesFile.org Holman, J. (2009). Host plant cataloque of aphids, Palearctic region, Springer, 1216 pp. Jevremović, D., Paunović, S., & Petrović-Obradović, O. (2016). Flight dynamics and species composition of aphids landing on plum and apricot leaves in the orchards in Western Serbia. Phytoparasitica, 44(4), 501-511. Keserović, Z., Ognjanov, V., Vračarević, B., & Magazin, N. (2010). Current state and perspectives of apricot and plum production in Serbia (In Serbian: Stanje i perspektive proizvodnje kajsije i šljive u Srbiji). Biljni lekar/Plant doctor 38(4-5), 263-271. Panini, M., Massimino Cocuzza, G., Dradi, D., Chiesa, O., & Mazzoni, E. (2017). First report of Myzus mumecola (Matsumura, 1917) in Europe. EPPO Bulletin 47(1), 107-110. https ://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12357 Petrović-Obradović, O. (2003). Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) of Serba (in serbian: Biljne vaši (Homoptera: Aphididae) Srbije). Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 153 pp. Petrović-Obradović, O., Šćiban, M., & Tomić, M. (2021). Presence of North American Aphid Drepanaphis acerifoliae (Thomas, 1878) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Drepanosiphinae) in Serbia. Acta Entomologica Serbica, 26(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551426 Vučetić, A., Petrović-Obradović, O., & Vukašinović, D. (2010). Aphids (Aphididae, Hemiptera) of stone fruit trees (In Serbian: Biljne vaši (Aphididae, Hemiptera) koštičavih voćaka). Biljni lekar/Plant doctor. 38(4-5), 347-354. Žikić, V., Tomanović, Ž., Ivanović, A., Kavallieratos, N. G., Starý, P., Stanisavljević, L., & Rakhshani, E. (2009). Morphological characterization of Ephedrus persicae biotypes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in the Palaearctic. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1603/008.102.0101        8 O. PETROVIĆ-OBRADOVIĆ  АЗИЈСКА ВАШ КАЈСИЈЕ, MYZUS MUMECOLA (MATSUMURA, 1917) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE), НАЂЕНА ЈЕ У СРБИЈИ   ОЛИВЕРА ПЕТРОВИЋ-ОБРАДОВИЋ    Извод  Азијска ваш кајсије, Myzus mumecola (Matsumura, 1917) (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Aphidinae), нађена је током 2021. године на више локалитета у Србији (Љиг, Смедерево, Велика Плана, Београд и Шид) на гајеној кајсији. Ова врста је пореклом из Азије а пре неколико година нађена је у Италији и Мађарској. Досадашња истраживања указују на то да се њен ареал распрострањења веома брзо повећава у Европи. На кајсији доводи до штетe хранећи се листовима на младим гранчицама, које деформише у виду црвених гала. У наредним годинама треба детаљно проучити присуство, штетност и биологију развића M. mumecola. Нарочито треба проучити њене секундарне домаћине који су, за сада, недовољно познати.     Received: November 8th, 2021 Accepted: December 2nd, 2021 

ASIAN APRICOT APHID, MYZUS MUMECOLA (MATSUMURA, 1917) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE), FOUND IN SERBIA

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