Ishigaki, Shinobu

Mainbayar, Buuvey

Tanabe, Tomohiro

Tsogtbaatar, Khishigjav

German

Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Elektronische Zeitschriften

Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geowissenschaften, Beiheft 46 (2019) 39Referencesbeurlen, K. (1950): Neue Fährtenfunde aus der fränkischen Trias. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 1950, 107: 308-320.hMinna, A., voigt, S., klein, H., saber, H., schneider, J.W. & hMich, D. (2013): First occurrence of tetrapod footprints from the continental Triassic of the Sidi Said Maachou area (Western Meseta, Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 80: 1-7.hunt, A.P. & lucas, S.G. (2007a): Late Triassic tetrapod tracks of western North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 40: 215-230.karl, c. & haubold, H. (1998): Brachychirotherium aus dem Coburger Sandstein (Mittlerer Keuper, Karn/Nor) in Nordbayern. Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geowissenschaften B, 20: 33-58.Why ornithopod feet rotate inwardshinobu ishigaki1*, toMohiro tanabe2,  buuvey Mainbayar3 & khishigJav tsogtbaatar31* Okayama University of Science, Ridai-cho 1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan2 Yokota 264-2, Okuizumo-cho, Nita-gun, Shimane Prefecture, 699-1832 Japan3 Institute of Paleontology and Geology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, S Danzan Street-3/1, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia*presenting author, isgk-7591@wind.email.ne.jp Abstract:Inward rotation of hindfoot axis (orientation of digit III relative to the trackway midline) is commonly observed in both bipedal and quadrupedal trackways of ornithopods, suggesting in-toed gait of the trackmakers. The origin of quadrupedalism of ornithopods has been often discussed in previous research, but the cause of in-toed orientation of the pes is largely unknown.We investigated 14 ornithopod trackways, all showing inward rotation of the hindfoot. The average pace angulation of 14 trackways based on the measurement connecting the center of the footprints is 158°. In contrast, the value based on the measurement connecting the tip of digit III is 166°. The latter value is close to that of the average pace angulation of theropods. The observation of shorebirds has proven that birds with long legs and high-positioned acetabular joints do not have inward rotated feet. In contrast, birds with short legs and low positioned acetabu-lar joints have inward rotated feet. Based on these data, we interpret this as follows. The inward rotation of the hindfoot axis: 1) increases the stability of the body against the lateral overturning moment; 2) compensates for the short dis-tance between knee and ground, and resolves the disadvantage of short legs when placing the foot closer to the trackway midline (center of mass) for maintaining body balance. Keywords: dinosaur, footprint, trackway, in-toed, pronation 

Why ornithopod feet rotate inward

https://public.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/hjgb/article/download/1845/1881

Why ornithopod feet rotate inward

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Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Elektronische Zeitschriften