Disease and death due to poisoning is a burning issue in worldwide. The term Poisoning not only limited upto animal and vegetable poisons, it can include Dooshivisha, Garavisha and various radiations. Ayurveda has described different methods of treatment in poisoning. Panchakarma therapy has great importance because it can remove toxins from deeper tissue level. Panchakarma procedures are used depending upon the route of entry of poison and absorption. This article concludes how Panchakarma procedures are useful in Visha Chikitsa as a detoxification therapy

Amita Jhunjhunwala

Indramani

Manisha Dikshit

RC Tiwari

Ved Bhusan Sharma

English

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)

                                                     REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 4 154  Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa  Indramani1, Amita Jhunjhunwala2, RC Tiwari3, Manisha Dikshit4, Ved Bhusan Sharma5 1Post Graduate Scholar, P.G. Dept. of Agad Tantra, Uttrakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. 2Associate Professor, P.G. Dept. of Agad Tantra, Uttrakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. 3Professor & HOD, P.G. Dept. of Agad Tantra, Uttrakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. 4Associate Professor, P.G. Dept. of Agad Tantra, Uttrakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. 5Assistant Professor, P.G. Dept. of Agad Tantra, Uttrakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.              INTRODUCTION Ayurveda is an ancient science. In Ayurveda, we deal every disease from root.  Poisoning is a condition in which an organism becomes chemically harmed by a toxic substances or venom of an animal.[1] Poisoning is very common now days due to heavy industrialization, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution. Excessive use of packing food material, junk food also cause poisoning because these foods cannot eliminate completely from the body and residue can produce toxicity inside body.[2] Acharya Sushruta  said because it produces sorrow, it is called poison or Visha.[3] Address for correspondence:  Dr. Indramani Post Graduate Scholar, P.G. Dept. of Agad Tantra, Uttrakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail: indermani071@gmail.com  Submission Date: 14/07/2021 Accepted Date: 16/08/2021 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in  Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC-by-NC-SA Poisoning can be classified into acute and chronic poisoning. Acute poisoning is exposure to a poison for a short period of time. Chronic poisoning is long term repeated exposure to a poison where symptoms do not occur immediately. In Ayurveda Visha is of two types Sthaavara and Jangama known as Svabahavik (natural) Visha[4] and Artificial poison is of two types Garavisha & Dushivisha.[5] Agadtantra is one of branch of Ashtang Ayurveda known as toxicology. Agadtantra is also known as Visha Tantra, Damshtraa-chikitsa,[6] Visha Vidya, Vishavaidyaka, Vishagara Vairodhika Prashamana,[7] Jangulika.[8] This branch deals with diagnosis of symptoms of poisoning of snake, insects, spider & mouse etc, and treatment of complications produces by artificial & combination poisons.[9] Agad Tantra also includes the negative effects of bad food habits and drug, which could lead to chronic poisoning symptoms.[10] Ayurveda is the solution for all types of disease and poisoning. It not only mentions measures to treat diseases but also to prevent them. Ayurveda has to maximum extent narrated such therapies and therapeutic measures which are conservative and do A B S T R A C T  Disease and death due to poisoning is a burning issue in worldwide. The term Poisoning not only limited upto animal and vegetable poisons, it can include Dooshivisha, Garavisha and various radiations. Ayurveda has described different methods of treatment in poisoning. Panchakarma therapy has great importance because it can remove toxins from deeper tissue level. Panchakarma procedures are used depending upon the route of entry of poison and absorption. This article concludes how Panchakarma procedures are useful in Visha Chikitsa as a detoxification therapy. Key words: Poisoning, Panchakarma, Dushivisha.    Indramani et al. Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa  ISSN: 2456-3110                                                      REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 4 155  not involve much invasive techniques. Acute poisoning is one of the common reasons for hospitalization in our country.  So, Panchakarma can be the best answer for all of these consequences. The Purification therapy is described classically in terms of Sanshodhan by Panchakarma procedures. The five procedures of Panchakarma have been applied in almost all diseases. Ayurvedic Chikitisa mainly consist of Samshodhan and Sanshaman Chikitisa. Panchakarma is Ayurveda Samsodhana or detoxification treatment. It not only helps to remove deep routed stress and illness causing toxins from all the micro-channels of the body but also creates equilibrium among the Doshas.[11] Sushrut Acharya has invested whole of the Kalpastahana were describing about the poisons and its treatment. Similarly, Visha and Visha-Chikitsa is also ardently described in Astanga Samhita and Astanga Samgraha. In Ayurveda, treatment is classified into Shaman Chikitsa and Shodhan Chikitsa. These treatments include Vamana (Emesis), Virechana (Purgation), Raktamokshana (Blood Letting), Snehana (Oleation), Swedana (Fomentation/ Steam therapy) mainly and Nasya (Instillation of Nasal Drops), Lepa (Topical application of drugs), Anjana (Application of Collyriums to Eyes), Dhooma (Medicated smokes) etc. Panchakarma and other procedures in Poisoning   In Charak Samhita its Chikitsa Sthana Adhyaya 23 has stated Chikitsa Upakramas for Visha.[12] In this Upakramas major Panchakarma procedures Vamana, Virechana, Nasya and Raktamokshana are included in these and other allied procedures included are Agnikarma, Parisheka, Avagaha, Dhoompana, Lepa, Abhyanga, Udvartana and Arishthabandhana etc.  Vamana After ingestion of poison, it enters in stomach and absorption of poison starts. Emesis helps in the elimination of poison by upward directions.[13] Table 1: Vamana Chikitsa mentioned in Sushruta and Vagbhata.     SN Types of poisoning Sushruta  Vagbhata  1. Sarpadamsha Chikitsa  In the 4th, 5th and 6th stages of bite of Darvikara.[14] In the 2nd to 5th stages of bite of Mandali. [14] In the 2nd, 4th and 5th stages of bite of Rajimana.[14] In case of bite by Darvikara, in the 2nd  stage.[16] In case of bite by Mandali, in the 3rd stage. [17,18] 2. Akhu Damsa (Rat poisoning) The patient should be made to vomit.[15] Vomiting should be induced.[19] 3. Sthaavara Visha Chikitsa Not mentioned  In the 1st, 2nd, 3rd stage of poisoning. [20, 21] 4. Gara Visha Chikitsa Not mentioned The patient of Gara visha should be made to vomit.[22] 5. Dushi Visha Chikitsa  Not mentioned  Emesis and purgation.[23, 24] 6. Vrischika Damsa Chikitsa (scorpion bite)  Not mentioned  In all cases of severe degree of poisoning.[25] 7. Luta Damsa Chikitsa (Spider bite) Not mentioned  In Aggravated Doshas.[26]  8. Musika Visha Chikitsa   Not mentioned  Emesis.[28]  9. Haritala Visha    Not mentioned  First the person should be purified by emesis.[29]   B) Virechana: Acharya Charaka: In the second stage of poisoning.  Indramani et al. Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa  ISSN: 2456-3110                                                      REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 4 156  Table 2: Virechana Chikitsa mentioned in Sushruta and Vagbhata. SN Types of poisoning  Sushruta  Vagbhata  1. Sarpadamsha Chikitsa (snake bite) In Darvikara bites 5th and the 6th stages.[14] Mandali bite 3rd, 4th, 5th Stage.[14] Rajimana bite 3rd, 4th, 5th Stage.[14] Not mentioned  2. Sthaavara Visha Chikitsa  Not mentioned  In the 2nd and 3rd stage.[20,21] 3. Haritala Visha  Not mentioned  Purgation indicated. [21] 4. Dushi Visha Chikitsa  Not mentioned  Administered purgation.[22,23] 5. Luta Damsha Chikitsa  Not mentioned  Purgation should be done.[30] 6. Alarka Visha Chikitsa   Purgative drugs mixed with Dhatura Arka. [32] Administered a purgative drug along with milky sap of Arka quickly.[31]  Table 3: Nasya Chikitsa mentioned in Sushruta and Vagbhata. SN Type of poisoning  Sushruta  Vagbhata  1. Sarpadamsha Chikitsa  Bite by a Darvikara. In the 3rd and 7th stage.[14] Bite of Mandali, in the7th stage.[14] Rajimana bite, in the 3rd, 4th, and 5thstages.[14] Darvikara Visha Vyantara Visha Chikitsa.[33] Vega Chikitsa, in the 3rd and 7th stage.[17] Rajimanta Visha Vega Chikitsa 6th stage.[34]  2. Akhu Damsa (rat poisoning)  Shiro- Virechana.[35] Not mentioned  3. Alarka Visha Bite by rabid Not mentioned  Chikitsa  animal.[32] 4. Haritala Visha  Not mentioned  Nasya.[29] 5. Luta Damsa Visha Chikitsa  Not mentioned  Feeling of heaviness of the head, swelling, salivation, lock jaw etc.[36] 6. Musika Visha Chikitsa  Not mentioned  For Shirovirechana, siris sara and fruit is used.[28]  7. Sthavar Visha Chikitsa   Not mentioned  In the 3rdvisha vega.[37] 8. Vrischika Damsa Chikitsa Not mentioned  In all cases of scropion poisoning.[25] Table 4: Rakta Mokshana Chikitsa mentioned in Sushruta and Vagbhata. SN Type of poisoning Sushruta  Vagbhata  1. Sarpadamsha Chikitsa  In the case of Darvikara, Mandali and Rajimana bite bleeding by opening the veins should be resorted to in the 1ststage of poisoning.[14]  Puncture veins around the site of bite.[38] Tourniquet should be applied four fingers above the site of bite.[39] When the poison has spread to distant areas, venesection should be done.  2. Poisoned Wound  Snake bite or Spider bite.[40] Not mentioned  3. Alarka Visha Chikitsa  Bite by rapid animal.[32]  Not mentioned  4. Vrischika Damsa Chikitsa  Not mentioned  In all severe degree cases of Scorpion Indramani et al. Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa  ISSN: 2456-3110                                                      REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 4 157  poisoning.[25] 5. Luta Damsa Chikitsa  Not mentioned  Blood should be taken out from other parts of body.[37] 6. Akhu Damsa Chikitsa  Not mentioned  Cut the veins immediately to let out blood.[42] 7. Musika Visha  Not mentioned  Vein should be cut urgently after washing the wound.[43] DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Though, Panchakarma procedures are used in many cases of poisoning. Sthavar Visha and Jangam Visha are explained in terms of Visha Vega. These are acute type of poisoning. Different Panchakarma procedures are mentioned in Vega of Visha. Dushivisha and Garavisha are chronic type of poisoning. Panchakarma is helpful in removing such type of toxins from storage at deep cellular level. As a general line of treatment of poisoning, Acharya Charak in Chikitsasthana described Chaturvimshati Vishopakramas. Basti is excluded from Chaturvimshati Upakramas. Main aim of treatment of poisoning is to remove these poison or toxins from body as soon as possible, because after absorbing into body via blood it disturbs the harmony of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and causes many diseases and death. So, with these principles of treatment, removal of unabsorbed poison is important. Panchakarma is equally useful in acute and Chronic poisoning. In chronic poisoning when poison is absorbed into body and stored in body channels by Panchakarma procedures, Purvakarma brought these toxins into Kostha, from where these are removed out of body. REFERENCES 1. Meriam -webster dictionary,01/10/17. 2. Review article of Akhilesh. 3. Kaviraj Ambikadutta shastri; Sushruta Samhita; Kalpasthana 2/3, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi; reprint 2007; page no. 47. 4. Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi; Ashtang Hridaya; Uttarsthana 35/5-6; Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan Delhi; reprint 2011; page no. 1162. 5. Srivastava S; sharangadhara smhita of sharangadhar  purv khanda 7/200, 3rd edition, varanasi; Chaukhamba   orientalia,2003. 6. Acharya balkrishna, Shrimad vagbhatvirachitam ashtang hrudayam-ayurved prabodhni, divya prakashan, patanjali yogpeeth, Haridwar, 2014,page no. 05. 7. Prof. Priyavrat sharma, Charak-samhita- text with English translation, vol.-1 Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 2008, page- 241. 8. Shri vachaspati gairola, arthashastra of kautilya and Chanakya sutra, chaukhamba vidyabhawan, Varanasi, 2009, page- 71. 9. Kaviraj Ambikadutt shastri ; Sushruta Samhita; Sutrasthana 2/14, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi; reprint 2007; page no.57. 10. Prof. K.r. srikantha murthy, illustrated Suhsruta samhita with English translation, vol-1, Chaukhamaba Orientalia, Varanasi,  11. Vd. Vinod Kumar Tiwari, International journal of Research in Medical Sciences and technology on Critical review on panchkarma and its relevance, vol no. 10 Jul-Dec. 12. Prof. Priyavrat Sharma, Charak-Samhita- Text with English Translation, vol 2 Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi,2008, p368. 13. Sharma R.K, Das Bhagwan, Charak Samhita, Vol.4, Chikitsasthana Vishachikitsa-23/ Verse 45, reprint- 2013, Chaukhamaba Sanskrit series office Varanasi, Page;338. 14.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Illustrated Sushruta Samhita, Vol 2, Kalpsthana, Sarpdamsta Visha Chikitsa Kalpa-5 Verse 20-29. Reprint-201, Chaukhamba Oeientalia Varanasi, page:453-454. 15. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Illustrated Sushruta Samhita, Vol.2, Kalpsthana, Mushika Kalpam-7 Verse 34-36,Reprint-2014, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, page 473. 16.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R. Ashtanga samgraha, Vol. 3,, Uttarsthana, Chapter 42/ Verse 69-73, Reprint-2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page :399. 17.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter42/Verse 74, Reprint – 2009, Chaukhamaba Orientalia, Varanasi, Page 399. 18. Murthi Shrikantha K.r., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 36/Verse 79, Reprint- 200, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, page:356. 19.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 46/Verse 22-24, Reprint -2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, page :434. Indramani et al. Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa  ISSN: 2456-3110                                                      REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 4 158  20.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 40/ Verse 51-52, Reprint- 2009, Chaukhamaba Orientalia Varanasi, page 358-359. 21. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 35/ Verse 17-18, Reprint  2006, Chaukhamaba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Page-331. 22.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 35/ Verse 55, Reprint-2006, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, Page;337. 23.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 40/ Verse147, Reprint -2009, Chaukhamaba Orientalia Varanasi, Page:369. 24.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 40/ Verse 38, Reprint-2006, Chaukhamaba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, Page;334. 25.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol. 3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 37/Verse 39, Reprint-2006, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, page 365. 26. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol. 3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 37/ Verse 75-76, Reprint-2006, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, page 371-371. 27. Murthi Shrikantha  K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol. 3, Uttarsthana, Chapter44/ Verse 51-51, Reprint-2009, Chaukhamba  Orientalia Varanasi, Page: 420-421. 28. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 38/ Verse 21-24, Reprint 2006, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Page:377. 29. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol3, Uttarsthana, Chapter35/ Verse 17-18, Reprint- 2006, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page 369. 30. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter44/ Verse 53-54, Reprint-2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page 421. 31. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 45/Verse 67, Reprint 2009, Chaukhamaba Orientalia Varanasi, Page;439. 32. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Illustrated Sushruta Samhita Vol.2,Klapsthana, Mushika Kalpam 7/ Verse 51-52, Reprint -2014, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page 475. 33. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3,, Uttarsthana, Chapter 42/ Verse 40, Reprint-2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page; 399. 34. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter42/ Verse75-76, Reprint 2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page 399. 35. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Illustrated Sushruta Samhita Vol.2, Kalpsthana, Mushika Klapam-7/Verse 37, Reprint -2014, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page 473. 36. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 44/Verse 62-65, Reprint-2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page;422. 37. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam Vol.3,, Uttarsthana, Chapter 35 / Verse 32, Reprint- 2006, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, Page 332-333. 38. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Illustrated Sushruta Samhita, Vol.2, Kalpsthana, Chapter5/ Verse 14-15, Reprint -2014, Chaukhamba Orientalia  Varanasi, Page;473. 39. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Illustrated Sushruta Samhita , Vol.2, Kalpasthana, Chapter5/Verse 3-5, Reprint -2014, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page 450. 40. Murthi Shrikantha  K.R.,  Illustrated Sushruta Samhita, Vol.2, Kalpsthana, Chapter5 / Verse 58-66, Reprint 2014, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi,Page459. 41. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 44/Verse 38, Reprint-2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page419. 42.  Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga samgraha, Vol.3, Uttarsthana, Chapter 46/Verse 21, Reprint-2009, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Page419. 43. Murthi Shrikantha K.R., Ashtanga Hridayam, Vol.3,Uttarasthana, Chapter 38/Verse 20, Reprint -2006, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, Page 377.  *******************************  How to cite this article: Indramani, Amita Jhunjhunwala, RC Tiwari, Manisha Dikshit, Ved Bhusan Sharma. Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa . J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2021;4:154-158.  Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.   

Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa

https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/download/1425/1444

Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)