The various genetic variability parameters were estimated using physical (gamma rays) and chemical (EMS) mutagens using two cultivars i.e. PKV-1 and JS-335. Results indicated that genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability were significantly high for different characters studied i.e. Plant height, number ofÃ‚Â  branches per plant, number ofÃ‚Â  clusters per plant, number ofÃ‚Â  pods per plant, yield per plant, 100 grain weight. All the mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing genetic variability in both the varieties

Geeta P. Patil1 and Manish M. Wakode2

Current Botany

Wakode2, Geeta P. Patil1 and Manish M.

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                                                                                                                                                                                                               Curr. Bot. 2(1):10-14, 2011 www.currentbotany.org                                                                                                                                                                                                             ISSN: 2220-4822   RE GULAR AR TICLE                                                                                                                        Induced genetic variability for quantitative traits in M2 generation in soybean by mutagens Geeta P. Patil1 and Manish M. Wakode2  1 Arts, comm. and Science College, Bodwad Dist Jalgaon (M.S.), India 2 Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr.PDKV, Akola (M.S.), India    KE YW O RD S Gamma rays, EMS   CO R R E S P O ND EN C E  Geeta P. Patil, Arts, comm. and Science College, Bodwad Dist Jalgaon (M.S.), India  E-mail:   ED IT O R  Gadgile D.P.  CB Volume 2, Year 2011, Pages 10-14 AB S T R A C T  The various genetic variability parameters were estimated using physical (gamma rays) and chemical (EMS) mutagens using two cultivars i.e. PKV-1 and JS-335. Results indicated that genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability were significantly high for different characters studied i.e. Plant height, number of  branches per plant, number of  clusters per plant, number of  pods per plant, yield per plant, 100 grain weight. All the mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing genetic variability in both the varieties.    Introduction Soybean is an important oil crop with the highest area production and export in the world. Being an autogamous crop the naturally existing genetic variability is insufficient for the improvement. Mutation breeding offers great scope and promises for generating useful variability for its improvement. Broad spectrum genetic variability is prerequisite for any successful breeding programme. Besides the use of induced mutation in fundamental studies, it may be used to create additional genetic variability for quantitative traits. Generation of genetic variability by induced mutagenesis provided a base for strengthening crop improvement programme and represents a more efficient source of genetic variability than the gene pool conserves by nature (Brock, 1965). This study was undertaken asses the effect of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate on induction of variability in soybean varieties PKV-1 and JS-335. Materials and Methods Two varieties of Glycine max viz., PKV-1 and JS-335 were treated with gamma rays and EMS. Dry and healthy seeds of two cultivars were treated with 15, 20, 25, and 30kR of gamma rays. Also same number of seeds were presoaked in water and were treated with freshly prepared 0.05,0.10 and 0.15 percent aqueous solution of EMS. The irradiated seeds were sown in the field immediately after the treatment. Seeds, treated with the chemical mutagens were thoroughly washed in a running water and were sown in the field along with untreated seeds of each variety as control in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) replicated thrice , to grow M1 generation. The seeds from each M1 plants were harvested separately and sown subsequently in progeny row basis to grow M2 generation. The observation were recorded on variability parameters viz., plant height , number of  branches per plant, number of  pods per plant, number of  clusters per plant, yield per plant, 100 grain weight. Results and Discussion  The data on various genetic parameters are presented in Tables. Wide range of variation was noticed for most of the characters which indicated great scope for their improvement. Increased variance and coefficient of variation were noted for almost all the parameters i.e Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of  clusters per plant, number of  pods per plant, yield per plant, 100 grain weight. The treatment mean values were found to deviate from respective control mean values and indicated that, mutagens used were effective and induced variability for plant height, number of  branches per plant, number of  clusters per plant, number of  pods per plant, yield per plant, 100 grain weight. in M2 generation. The significant positive shift in all doses and/or concentrations was observed in number of  pods per plant and yield per plant. However negative shift was recorded in number of  branches, plant height and 100 grain Weight. Similar results of increased range, mean and variance are also reported by Nerkar and Mote (1978) in Bengal gram. Upadhey and Singh (1984) in Soybean, Tikoo and Jain (1974) and Khan (1983, 1984) in Mung bean.Higher and medium doses and/ or conc. Recorded maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the parameters. Also the same doses and conc. Recorded maximum heritability.  The estimates of heritability were also essential to get the best picture of the genetic gains to be expected from selection. It indicates the effectiveness with which selection for genotype can be based upon its phenotypic performance. In general the heritability estimates for almost all the characters under study were high except for plant height, number of clusters per plant, yield per plant.   As regards the variance, maximum variance was noted in cv. PKV-1 as against JS-335 plant height, number of branches, number of  clusters, number of  pods, and yield per plant. Relatively higher doses of mutagen shows high variance except 100 grain weight, the 15kR dose of JS-335 recorded maximum variance. Regarding coefficient of variation grain yield per plant, number of  clusters, number of  pods, higher doses of mutagens recorded maximum coefficient of variation. Whereas in plant height and 100 grain weight somewhat lower doses recorded maximum coefficient of variation. The data revealed that 30kR Geeta P. Patil and Manish M. Wakode                                                                                                                              Curr. Bot. 2(1): 10-14, 2011  www.currentbotany.org                                                                                                                                                                                                             ISSN: 2220-4822  gamma rays and 0.15% EMS conc. Recorded highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation in both the cultivar for plant height, number of  branches per plant, number of  clusters per plant, number of  pods per plant, yield per plant. In case of 100 grain weight. somewhat lower doses shows high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. The results obtained for variability parameters were also reported by Rajput(1974) and Shakoor et al.(1978) in  mungbean, Nandarajan et al. (1985), in pigeon pea. It was also reported by Khan (1983, 1984), Sinha and Bharati (1990) and Charumati et al.(1992) in mung bean.  The heritability in broad sense it was found to be highest in 30kR and 20 kR gamma rays dose and 0.15% and 0.10% EMS conc. Recorded high heritability in PKV-1 and JS-335 in case of all the parameters. The increased heritability and differential response of varieties with higher dose/ conc. Of mutagens were also reported by Sinha and Bharati (1990) in urd bean and Kumari (1996) in Faba bean. In case of number of  branches per plant and 15kR dose in JS-335 recorded high heritability case of number of  branches per plant and 15kR dose in JS-335 recorded high heritability which are in agreement with those of Chopade (1976) in Pigeon pea, Khan (1983, 1984) ,Charumati et al. (1992) in mung bean.  Table 1. Plant height variability in M2 generation of soybean Treatments range      mean    shift  variance c.v.% G.C.V. P.C.V.     H2 PKV-1          15KR(gamma) 44 73 53.73 9.66 100.64 4.66 13.71 14.48 89.65 20KR 30 70 50.73 3.52 203.58 9.04 20.12 22.06 83.19 25KR 22.6 58 36.78 -24.94 144.37 14.74 21.15 25.78 67.3 30KR 16 58 31.11 -36.52 201.22 19.28 30.46 36.05 71.4 Dry control 44 58 49  22.43 2.84 6.79 7.36 85.14 0.05% 32 58 45.8 -9.37 67.74 6.84 12.45 14.21 76.81 0.10% 27 58 42.47 -15.96 72.27 8.39 12.88 15.37 70.23 0.15% 18 61 36.33 -28.1 137.38 10.3 22.73 24.95 82.95 soaked control 42 58 50.53  19.84 3.19 6.01 6.81 78.03  JS-335          15KR(gamma)  27 45 37.87 -18.74 28.84 6.61 9.26 11.38 66.23 20kr  14 44 33.13 -28.9 84.27 11.28 18.82 21.94 73.58 25kr 8 51 30.73 -34.05 161.92 14.99 28.11 31.86 77.85 30KR 10 54 28.07 -39.77 192.21 19.78 33.68 39.06 74.34 dry control 37 56 46.6  260.40 5.29 7.17 8.91 64.77 0.05% 20 38 32.33 -16.38 33.95 8.36 11.87 14.52 66.87 0.10% 8 48 34.13 -11.72 148.7 10.18 19.66 22.14 78.86 0.15% 15 44 30.87 -20.17 92.84 14.81 25.46 29.46 74.74 soaked control 34 45 38.67  13.81 4.79 6.15 7.8 62.25  Table 2. Number of branches /plant variability in M2 generation of soybean Treatments range   mean shift variance c.v.% GCV PCV H2 PKV-1          15KR(gamma) 4 12 7 -5.4 5.57 15.32 21.59 26.47 66.5 20KR 3 10 5.67 -23.34 4.81 18.79 25.03 31.29 63.96 25KR 3 9 5.53 -25.27 4.7 14.76 26.53 30.36 76.38 30KR 2 8 5.27 -28.78 2.78 11.5 20.26 23.3 75.65 Dry control 6 9 7.4  1.26 6.53 9.18 11.26 66.4 0.05% 3 10 5.33 -25.24 4.67 16.42 26.11 30.84 71.66 0.10% 4 10 6.33 -11.22 4.38 11.71 21.76 24.71 77.55 0.15% 3 10 6.6 -7.43 6.69 18.86 25.35 31.6 64.37 soaked control 4 9 7.13  1.26 6.53 11.25 15.21 54.72  JS-335          15KR(gamma) 4 9 6.47 -10.19 2.7 11.47 16.7 20.26 67.96 20kr 3 9 5.67 -21.3 3.1 14.94 20.03 24.99 64.27 25kr 3 7 4.93 -31.48 1.78 12.55 17.49 21.53 66.01 30KR 3 9 4.8 -33.33 3.03 14.48 20.78 25.33 67.29 dry control 6 9 7.2 1.46 8.41 10.66 13.58 61.63 0.05% 5 9 6.27 -7.84 1.78 8.24 13.87 16.13 73.91 0.10% 3 8 4.73 -30.39 2.21 10.21 18.83 21.42 77.3 0.15% 1 8 4.4 -35.29 4.4 22.92 29.39 37.27 62.19 soaked control 5 8 6.8  0.89 7.83 8.2 11.34 52.3  Geeta P. Patil and Manish M. Wakode                                                                                                                              Curr. Bot. 2(1): 10-14, 2011  www.currentbotany.org                                                                                                                                                                                                             ISSN: 2220-4822  Table 3.  Number of clusters/plant variability in M2 generation of soybean Treatments range        mean       shift     variance      c.v.%      GCV      PCV       H2 PKV-1          15KR(gamma) 35 58 48.2 8.23 45.89 5.93 9.01 10.79 69.72 20KR 18 54 40.6 -8.83 136.4 11.43 19.51 22.61 74.47 25KR 16 66 46.13 3.59 259.27 15.49 23.36 28.03 69.45 30KR 13 60 34.33 -22.9 264.67 17.66 32.56 37.04 77.26 Dry control 32 54 44.53  38.27 5.47 9.46 10.93 74.96 0.05% 34 62 47.87 5.28 57.7 7.7 10.15 12.74 63.5 0.10% 26 64 45.73 0.59 122.35 8.85 16.9 19.07 78.49 0.15% 19 55 37.93 -16.57 111.64 10.07 19.57 22.01 79.06 soaked control 38 56 45.47  36.55 5.79 8.91 10.63 70.32 JS-335          15KR(gamma) 42 55 45.73 -12.05 21.35 3.62 7.02 7.89 79.02 20kr 35 48 41.33 -20.51 15.52 3.75 6.38 7.4 74.33 25kr 15 55 39.87 -23.33 119.55 10.85 18.16 21.15 73.68 30KR 16 47 32.13 -38.21 90.7 10.85 20.48 23.17 78.09 dry control 46 56 52  11.14 2.93 4.19 5.11 67.24 0.05% 34 50 39.73 -16.53 21.21 5.25 7.74 9.35 68.48 0.10% 32 49 37.53 -21.15 28.27 5.92 9.42 11.13 71.72 0.15% 9 42 29.8 -37.39 101.74 15.39 21.76 26.66 66.66 soaked control 40 58 47.6  29.4 4.48 7.66 8.88 74.51  Table 4.  Number of pods/plant variability in M2 generation of soybean Treatments range   mean shift variance c.v.% GCV PCV H2 PKV-1          15KR(gamma) 132 186 159.13 6.28 226.98 3.3 6.65 7.42 80.27 20KR 138 188 162 8.19 263.86 3.08 7.18 7.81 84.47 25KR 126 198 155.87 4.1 549.84 5.1 10.56 11.73 81.06 30KR 102 187 154.13 2.94 846.7 7.1 13.15 14.94 77.43 Dry control 138 161 149.73  46.92 2.17 2.96 3.66 65.07 0.05% 140 200 166.6 14.37 317.11 4.57 7.25 8.57 71.57 0.10% 135 180 153.07 5.08 205.64 3.78 6.42 7.45 74.26 0.15% 111 181 150.53 3.34 602.84 5.87 11.45 12.87 79.18 soaked control 130 158 145.67  68.67 2.44 3.66 4.39 69.26 JS-335          15KR(gamma) 135 183 159.27 9.44 320.64 3.51 8.09 8.82 84.11 20kr 111 176 150.47 3.39 486.98 3.78 10.65 11.3 88.79 25kr 126 186 154.27 6 450.64 6.76 8.76 11.06 62.67 30KR 124 178 154.87 6.41 346.41 3.9 8.55 9.4 82.75 dry control 129 156 145.53  60.98 1.61 3.61 3.95 83.49 0.05% 110 191 147.27 9.63 493.21 4.26 10.9 11.7 86.73 0.10% 122 190 140.53 4.62 430.12 3.81 10.8 11.45 88.92 0.15% 120 182 146.73 9.23 589.92 3.78 12.2 12.77 91.24 soaked control 115 147 134.33  95.24 2.71 4.97 5.66 77.06  Geeta P. Patil and Manish M. Wakode                                                                                                                              Curr. Bot. 2(1): 10-14, 2011  www.currentbotany.org                                                                                                                                                                                                             ISSN: 2220-4822  Table 5. Yield/plant variability in M2 generation of soybean Treatments range   mean shift    variance       c.v.%       GCV       PCV      H2 PKV-1          15KR(gamma) 20   60 33.67 37.21 170.1 14.68 26.95 30.69 77.11 20KR 20   62 35 42.65 200.71 16.35 27.45 31.95 73.82 25KR 15.75   60 37.9 54.45 293.07 16.46 31.76 35.77 78.83 30KR 59 35.56 44.93 295.57 17.34 34.06 38.22 79.41  Dry control 45 24.54  72.94 12.83 24.07 27.28 77.88  0.05% 63 33.17 15.61 170.5 14.2 27.55 30.99 79.02  0.10% 62 35 21.98 168.14 15.26 24.84 29.15 72.61  0.15% 56 32 11.54 241.62 19.46 33.37 38.63 74.63  soaked control 42 28.69  67.19 11.39 19.72 22.78 75  JS-335          15KR(gamma) 64 50.4 27.1 62.54 5.45 11.02 12.29 80.38  20kr 62 46.26 16.67 79.54 5.66 13.82 14.94 85.63  25kr 62 43.33 11.8 121.67 8.05 17.44 19.21 82.45  30KR 64 45.57 14.92 207.48 12.35 21.65 24.93 75.47  dry control 46 39.65  24.13 3.9 8.52 9.37 82.68  0.05% 58 44.01 16.74 153.07 9.75 19.81 22.08 80.48  0.10% 62 40.19 6.61 232.34 11.75 27.28 29.7 84.36  0.15% 65 44.16 17.15 228.2 12.05 24.03 26.88 79.92  soaked control 48 37.7  27.89 4.13 9.92 10.75 85.23   Table 6.Grain weight variability in M2 generation of soybean Treatments Range        Mean       Shift       Variance       c.v.%       GCV        PCV         H2 PKV-1          15KR(gamma) 8 14 10.91 -12.92 4.74 9.27 12.05 15.2 62.82 20KR 8 15 12.17 -2.88 5.2 7.8 12.12 14.41 70.73 25KR 9 17 12.14 -3.11 4.89 8.55 11.88 14.64 65.87 30KR 7 12 9.77 -22.03 1.69 7.73 7.63 10.86 49.35 Dry control 10 15 12.53  2.48 5.65 7.04 9.02 60.86 0.05% 6 13 9.51 -24.52 4.34 9.75 14.19 17.21 67.92 0.10% 10 16 13.84 9.84 3.53 6.43 8.63 10.76 64.27 0.15% 7 13 9.1 -27.77 3.96 5.52 14.82 15.82 87.84 soaked control 10 15 12.6  1.89 5.12 7.08 8.73 65.68 JS-335          15KR(gamma) 9 16 12.34 -28.95 5.56 8.26 11.8 14.41 67.11 20kr 9 18 13.49 -22.33 6.21 8.8 11.96 14.84 64.87 25kr 11 17 13.74 -20.89 2.83 4.99 6.86 8.48 65.41 30KR 11 17 13.6 -28.78 3.17 5.47 8.56 10.16 71.02 dry control 12 16 13.93  1.64 4.54 5.93 7.47 63.08 0.05% 11 18 13.86 6.45 3.91 6.43 9 11.06 66.22 0.10% 7 13 10.47 -19.58 2.88 7.23 10.55 12.79 68.06 0.15% 9 15 12.76 -1.99 4.02 7.08 10.03 12.27 66.73 soaked control 11 16 13.02  2.66 5.84 7.75 9.7 63.76  References Brock, R.D. 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Induced genetic variability for quantitative traits in M2 generation in soybean by mutagens

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Induced genetic variability for quantitative traits in M2 generation in soybean by mutagens

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