E. A. Bazykina

K. V. Zhmerenetsky

L. A. Balakhontseva

T. V. Korita

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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572Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityAbstracts of International conference6.25 doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-6.25PECULIARITIES OF THE TUBERCULOSIS, HIV AND HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONT.V. Korita1, K.V. Zhmerenetsky2, E.A. Bazykina1, L.A. Balakhontseva11Khabarovsk Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Khabarovsk, Russia; 2Far Eastern Medical University of the Helthcare Ministry of the Russia, Khabarovsk, RussiaObjective of the research was to analyze the dynamics of the tuberculosis (TB), HIV and HIV-associated TB in-cidence in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) of the Russian Federation.The data of the official statistical forms No. 8, No. 33, No. 61 was used. Modern statistical methods were applied.The TB incidence declined by 43.2% (from 85.1 to 48.3 ) during 2008–2017 in the Russian Federation when prevalence declined by 42.2% (from 190.7 to 109.8 ). The most pressing tuberculosis epidemiological situation persisted in the FEFD. During a decline of TB-incidence in the FEFD in the years of 2009–2017 by 32.9% the re-gional index was still higher compared to the Russian-wide rate by 1.8 — 1.8 times. HIV-infection in 2017 reached 36.0  versus 14.0  registered in 2008 in the FEFD. During the analyzed period HIV-incidence accession rate in the FEFD constituent entities changed repeatedly. In 2017 the HIV prevalence rate in FEFD was lower than the Russian-wide index by 2.2 times. The highest HIV prevalence in the FEFD was registered in the Primorsky, Sakhalin Territories and the Chukotka Autonomous Region (57.3; 50.9 и 50.0  respectively). The HIV-TB associated incidence in the Russian Federation reached 8.3  in 2017 versus 4.3  in 2009. During the analyz-ed period of time percent of the HIV-positive patients with associated TB increased from 6.4 to 17.2% in the Russian Federation. In the FEFD the same index raised from 2.0 to 4.8%. This said the Russian-wide index consistently ex-ceeded the FEFD rate by 3.1–4.6 times. The highest acces-sion rates of the present index in the FEFD were registered in the Khabarovsk Territory — 9.9%, the Amur region — 9.4%, the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) — 6.6%.The FEFD is a leading territory of TB-incidence for sev-eral years. An increase in the number of HIV-positive people as well as HIV-TB co-infected patients was registered in the region. Substantial differences of the analyzed indices in dif-ferent constituent entities of the FEFD were registered.6.26 doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-6.26GLOBAL WHO POLICIES ON MOLECULAR METHODS FOR TB DIAGNOSISA. KorobitsynWHO Global TB Program, Geneva, SwitzerlandThe World Health Organization’s (WHO) global stra-tegy for TB prevention, care and control for 2015–2035 (known as the End TB strategy) calls for the early diagno-sis of TB and universal drug susceptibility testing (DST), highlighting the critical role of laboratories for rapidly and accurately detecting TB and drug resistance. This requires ensuring access to WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics and universal access to drug-susceptibility testing (DST) for all patients with signs and symptoms of TB. WHO defines universal access to DST as rapid DST for at least rifampicin among all patients with bac-teriologically confirmed TB, and further DST for at least fluoroquinolones among all TB patients with rifampicin resistance. The WHO estimates that 10.4 million persons developed tuberculosis (TB) worldwide in 2016, including 490 000 cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and 110 000 cases of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB), need-ing the same second-line treatment regimen.The objective of the study was to present WHO policies on molecular methods for TB diagnosis.Xpert MTB/RIF and/or Ultra are recommended as initial test for diagnosis of all persons with signs and symp-toms of TB. Line probe assays are recommended as rapid diagnostic tests for detection of resistance to Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Fluoroquinolones and Amikacin. DNA Se-quencing is becoming increasingly important as a refe-rence method for detecting mutations associated with re-sistance to first and second line anti-TB drugs.According to WHO policies, molecular methods play critical role in global fight with TB.6.27 doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-6.27PREVALENCE OF NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIUM spp. STRAINS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AT NORTH ESTONIA MEDICAL CENTRE IN 2001–2017K. LevinaNorth Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, EstoniaMycobacteria are widespread microbes in nature. Mycobacteria that are not causative agents of human and animal tuberculosis are designated as non-tuber-culous mycobacteria (NTM). NTM caused infections start to become more frequent in the recent years. This report summarizes data of the NTM isolates reported at North Estonia Medical Centre in the period 2001–2017. In Estonia, physicians are not requested to report infec-tions involving NTM species. Reports of the prevalence of MTBC are available in the Estonian Tuberculosis Registry. In contrast, reporting of NTM suspected to be involved in a disease, does not represent the absolute oc-curence and distribution of the NTM species and disease. These reports are not verified and any association with clinical data should be interpreted with caution.The incidence of tuberculosis in Estonia shows a trend of decrease. The aim of the study was to analyse the preva-lence of NTM strains on the basis of clinical specimens.The NTM species were isolated from clinical ma-terial that was sent to the mycobacteriology laboratory for diagnostic purposes during 2001–2015. The patholo-gical material was decontaminated by NaOH+NALC and cultured on Löwenstein–Jensen and Middlebrook me-dia. The NTM species were identified by the GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS test (Hain Lifescience GmbH).In 2001–2017, of 114 907 investigated specimens, 12 790 (10.9%) MTBC and 1020 (1.04%) NTM strains were identi-fied. The leading NTM species isolated were Mycobacterium avium (41.7%), M. gordonae (17.5%), M. fortuitum (9.3%) and M. intracellulare (6.8%). The rarely isolated NTM were rep-resented by M. kansasii, M. xenopi, M. szulgai and M. absces-sus. Of the NTM, 72% were cultured from sputum, 5% from blood and 23% from other materials. In total, 85 patients were infected with NTM in 2001–2005, 210 in 2006–2010 and 331 in 2011–2017. Of the NTM infected patients, 35% were > 65 years old and 9% were < 30 years old. A TB and HIV coinfection was found in 317 (8.3%) and NTM-HIV coinfection was found in 56 (10.5%) patients.During the last 17 years the prevalence of NTM in pa-tients’ material has increased approximately three times. The most prevalent species is M. avium.

PECULIARITIES OF THE TUBERCULOSIS, HIV AND HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

https://doaj.org/article/b74e17ce06c24746821026300cb33b3f

PECULIARITIES OF THE TUBERCULOSIS, HIV AND HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

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