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The development of eye movements in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio )
Authors
Acredolo
Acredolo
+42 more
Bai
Bell
Bell
Bell
Benson
Benson
Bertenthal
Bremner
Calkins
Cornell
Crawford
Davidson
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Fox
Fox
Fuster
Georgepoulos
Ghez
Greenough
Horobin
Jasper
Kermoian
Kermoian
Kupfermann
Matthews
Mizuno
Molfese
Nelson
Pivik
Pribram
Thatcher
Thelen
Uzgiris
Wellman
Wilson
Publication date
1 December 1997
Publisher
'Wiley'
Doi
Abstract
We investigated the development of oculomotor activity in zebrafish embryos and larvae of ages 48-96 hrs postfertilization (hpf). The optokinetic response (OKR: smooth tracking movements evoked by a rotating striped drum) improved steadily after its onset at 73 hpf, and by 96 hpf had a achieved a gain (eye velocity/drum velocity) of 0.9, comparable to adult performance. Reset movements (the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus) developed over 75–81 hpf. The vestibuloocular reflex (VOR: compensatory eye movements evoked by passive rotation of the head) developed over 74–81 hpf, and the associated reset movements, over 76–81 hpf. The VOR was qualitatively normal in dark-reared fish, which excludes an essential role for visual experience in its early development. Spontaneous saccadic movements (the fast shift of eye position) appeared between 81 and 96 hpf, and at 96 hpf had maximum velocities that were comparable to adults. These results are compared to, and found to be incompatible with, two earlier ideas of motor development: behavioral “differentiation” and “encephalization.” © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 31: 267–276, 1997Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34395/1/4_ftp.pd
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