Dental management in patients with hypertension: challenges and solutions

Abstract

Janet H Southerland,1 Danielle G Gill,1 Pandu R Gangula,2–4 Leslie R Halpern,1 Cesar Y Cardona,5 Charles P Mouton6 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2Department of Oral Biology and Research, 3Department of Physiology, 4Center for Women's Health Research, 5Department of Internal Medicine, 6Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA Abstract: Hypertension is a chronic illness affecting more than a billion people worldwide. The high prevalence of the disease among the American population is concerning and must be considered when treating dental patients. Its lack of symptoms until more serious problems occur makes the disease deadly. Dental practitioners can often be on the frontlines of prevention of hypertension by evaluating preoperative blood pressure readings, performing risk assessments, and knowing when to consider medical consultation of a hypertensive patient in a dental setting. In addition, routine follow-up appointments and patients seen on an emergent basis, who may otherwise not be seen routinely, allow the oral health provider an opportunity to diagnose and refer for any unknown disease. It is imperative to understand the risk factors that may predispose patients to hypertension and to be able to educate them about their condition. Most importantly, the oral health care provider is in a pivotal position to play an active role in the management of patients presenting with a history of hypertension because many antihypertensive agents interact with pharmacologic agents used in the dental practice. The purpose of this review is to provide strategies for managing and preventing complications when treating the patient with hypertension who presents to the dental office. Keywords: high blood pressure, dental, guidelines, inflammation, metabolic disease, blood pressure medicine