This current study aimed to investigate undergraduate nurse students’ perceptions and experiences of being health volunteer during Mount Merapi eruption on 2010. A nonexperimental, descriptive design was used. A total sampling of 26 undergraduate nurse students who become health volunteers during Mount. Merapi eruption completed self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire which consisted open and closed ended questions was used to measure students’ self awareness and what they have learnt. Data were aggregated and analyzed using simple descriptive analysis. Result indicated that undergraduate nurse students had internal motivation of being health volunteers during disaster. This study found results of students’ self assessment of their knowledge and skills capability. Findings of this study contributes benefits, future impact of being health volunteers. Students’ perceptions and experiences during disaster underscores the importance factors in the promotion of disaster management competency in nursing education

Rochmawati, Erna

English

Leading & Enlightening Journal UMY

Mutiara MedikaVol. 11 No. 1: 19-24, Januari 201119Undergraduate Nurse Student’s Perceptions of Being Health Volunteerduring Merapi Mountain Eruption 2010Persepsi Menjadi Relawan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Ilmu KeperawatanSelama Letusan Gunung Merapi 2010Erna RochmawatiMedical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universitas Muhammadiyah YogyakartaEmail: erna_rho@yahoo.comAbstractThis current study aimed to investigate undergraduate nurse students’ perceptions and experi-ences of being health volunteer during Mount Merapi eruption on 2010. A nonexperimental, descriptivedesign was used. A total sampling of 26 undergraduate nurse students who become health volunteersduring Mount. Merapi eruption completed self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire which con-sisted open and closed ended questions was used to measure students’ self awareness and what theyhave learnt. Data were aggregated and analyzed using simple descriptive analysis. Result indicated thatundergraduate nurse students had internal motivation of being health volunteers during disaster. Thisstudy found results of students’ self assessment of their knowledge and skills capability. Findings of thisstudy contributes benefits, future impact of being health volunteers. Students’ perceptions and experi-ences during disaster underscores the importance factors in the promotion of disaster managementcompetency in nursing education.Key words: health volunteers, nurse students, disasterAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi dan pengalaman mahasiswa keperawatansaat menjadi relawan kesehatan selama bencana letusan Gunung Merapi. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian deskriptif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling yaitu sebanyak 26 mahasiswakeperawatan yang menjadi relawan kesehatan bencana letusan Gunung Merapi 2010. Kuesioner yangterdiri dari pertanyaan terbuka dan tertutup digunakan untuk mengukur persepsi dan pengalamanmahasiswa keperawatan dan apa yang telah mereka pelajari saat menjadi relawan. Data dikumpulkandan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwamahasiswa memiliki motivasi internal untuk menjadi relawan kesehatan selama bencana. Penelitian inimenunjukkan hasil dari evaluasi diri mahasiswa terhadap pengetahuaan dan ketrampilan mereka. Hasilpenelitian penelitian ini menggambarkan manfaat menjadi relawan kesehatan di masa depan. Persepsipengalaman mahasiswa keperawatan saat menjadi relawan kesehatan selama bencanamenggarisbawahi pentingnya peningkatan kompetensi manajemen bencana dalam pendidikankeperawatan.Kata kunci: relawan kesehatan, mahasiswa keperawatan, bencanaARTIKEL PENELITIANErna Rochmawati, Undergraduate Nurse Student’s Perceptions ...20INTRODUCTIONInternational Federation of Red Cross (IFRC,2009) defines  a disaster  as “a sudden, calami-tous event that seriously disrupts the functioningof a community or society and causes human, ma-terial, and economic or environmental losses thatexceed the community’s or society’s ability to copeusing its own resources”. Moreover, from the healthcare professionals’ point of view, disasters can bedefined from effects on people’s health and onhealth services .1 Disaster  can be categorised intothree based on its origin, including: natural, humaninduced and mixed (natural and human).2Indonesia is a vulnerable country since it hasa great risk of disaster which may caused by natu-ral, human induced or mixed causes. In the past 5years, many disasters have happened in Indone-sia including earthquake, tsunami, earthquake andtsunami, flood, landslides and bomb attacks.Yogyakarta, one of a province in Indonesia hasexperienced several natural disasters, like earth-quake which happened in 2006, and Mount Merapieruption which happened in 2006 and 2010. TheNational Disaster Management Agency (NDMA)estimates that 778 disasters have occurred withinthe past 5 years, with more than 13000 were killed.3Nurses, as a part of health care sectors will bein the front line of any emergency response. In or-der to  prepare health professionals to respondduring  emergency condition appropriately, variousuniversities have developed competencies forhealth professionals. In line with this, School ofNursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakartahave developed competencies for undergraduatenurse student. The competencies include an abili-ty to do initial assessment, ability to do Basic LifeSupport, and an understanding about disastermanagement and nursing care plan during emer-gency condition. 4 In addition, there is also an ex-tracurricular, named Nursing Care Club which fo-cus on the development of practical skills of under-graduate nurse students. Along with teaching andlearning process, it is expected that undergradu-ate nurse students  have a responsivenes and com-petency, particularly in  emergency condition, suchas during disaster. Being health volunteers is oneof strategies to develop the responsiveness andthe competency. Little research, however, has in-vestigated nurse students experiences of beinghealth volunteer during disaster.This paper reports on a study that investigatedof being health volunteers during Mount Merapieruption from the perspective of undergraduatenurse students and   explored the attributes requiredfor being a good health volunteer.MATERIAL AND METHODSThis study employed a descriptive design toexplore undergraduate nurse student’s  perceptionsand experiences of being health volunteer duringMount Merapi eruption, of which there is limitedevidence. According to LoBiondo – Wood andHaber (2006),5 a descriptive study is ideal whenstudying an area where limited research has beenundertaken.5 Undergraduate nurse students whohave been a volunteer during Mount Merapi erup-tion were approached in such a way that they hadtime to consider whether to participate and did notfeel pressured into taking part in this study. A pack-age containing a questionnaire and consent form,was administered to participants. Participants thencould determine whether to participate, or withdrawMutiara MedikaVol. 11 No. 1: 19-24, Januari 201121without prejudice. All data collected was de-identi-fied, coded and securely stored in line with the prin-ciples of ethical conduct.Participants investigated in this study were allof undergraduate nurse students of UniversitasMuhammadiyah Yogyakarta who have been vol-unteers during Mount Merapi eruption. A total sam-pling was applied in this descriptive study. All ofthe undergraduate nurse studens who have beenvolunteers were invited to participate in this study.These participants were chosen because they hadexperiences of being health volunteer during anatural disaster.A questionnaire was developed specifically toaddress the objectives of the study. Open andclosed ended questions examined the conceptsidentified during the literature review. Questionswhich related to perceptions and benefits of beinghealth volunteer were presented in a Likert-scale,with ratings from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (stronglyagree). Open-ended questions gave participantsthe opportunity to expand upon their views. In thequestionnaire which administered to the partici-pants, open – ended questions explored partici-pants’ opinion about their experiences and benefitsof being health volunteers. In the last section ofthe questionnaire, participants were asked to makepriority about attributes required to be a good healthvolunteer. The completed self-enumerated ques-tionnaire was administered  to all of 26 participants.Each completed questionnaire was assigneda unique number to allow accurate tracking withentered data. Responses were coded and enteredinto a spreadsheet program for efficient data han-dling management and handling. Descriptive andfrequencies statistics were calculated to analyzethe responses.RESULTCompleted returned questionnaires were 26(100 %).The questionnaire sought demographic infor-mation about the participants, specifically, age,gender, and years of study. Frequency statistic wereused to analyse distribution. The result was pre-sented in Table 1.All of the participants, the majority were be-tween 20 -24 years old, 18 (69, 23%), female, 16(61.54%), and in their fourth years, 13 (50%).Undergraduate nurse students’ perceptionsand benefits of being health volunters is presentedin Table 2.There were 18 questions in the questionnairewhich asked about motivation (1), feeling experi-enced being health volunteers (4), Self evaluationof ability being health volunteers (4), Evaluation ofknowledge and skills owned (4), Benefits of beinghealth volunteer (3), and impacts for future (2).Table 1. Distribution of Undegraduate Age, Gender, andYears of StudyDemographic Frequency Procentage Age < 20 8 30.77 20-24 18 69.23Gender Male 10 38.46 Female 16 61.54 Years of study 1 4 15.4 2 4 15.43 5 19.24 13 50Erna Rochmawati, Undergraduate Nurse Student’s Perceptions ...22communication skills both with clients, 23 (96.2%)and other volunteers, 23 (96.2%). Regarding toquestions about evaluation of knowledge and skills,7 (27%) felt uncertain, and the rest felt having suf-ficient knowldege.Most of all participant stated their agreementthat being health volunteers give them benefits, in-cluding improved organizational skills (100%), im-proved clinical skills (92.3%), and improved know-ledge about disaster managament (100%). Con-sidering the benefits they got, all of the participant26 (100%) stated their willingness to be health vo-lunteer in the future.In the last part of the questionnaire, the par-ticipants were asked to prioritise the attributes ofbeing good health volunteers. There were three topTable 2. Undergraduate Nurse Students’ Perceptions of Being Health VolunteersItems  Strongly Agree  Agree  Uncertain  Disagree  Strongly Disagree  n % n % n % n % n % Motivation  - Internal   6  23   20  77  0  0  0   0  0  0  Feeling s experience d for being health volunteers  - Underpressure  - Full of spirit  - Benefit  - Self confidence   0 22 21 12  0  84.6 80.846   0 6 5 24  0 16.4  19.2  54  3 0 0 0  11.5  0 0 0  8  0  0  0   30.8  0 0 0  14 0 0 0  53.8 0  0  0  Self evaluation of owned ability for being health volunteers  - Feels capable  - Communication with clients  - Communication with other volunteers  - Collaboration with other team   6 9 12 12   23  34.6 46.2 46.2  20 16 13 14  27 61.6  50 53.8   0 1 1 0  0 3.8 3.8 0  0  0  0  0   0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 Evaluation of owned  knowledge and skills  - Poor knowledge  - Having sufficient knowledge  - Having poor clinical skills  - Knowledge owned can be applied   2 3 5 14  7.7 11.5 19.2 53.8  10 16 13 11   38.5  61.5  50 42.3   3 7 3 1  11.5  27 11.5  3.8  11  0  0  0   42.3  0 0 0  0 0 5 0  0  0  19.3 0  Benefits of being health volunteer  - Organizational skills improved  - Clinical skills improved  - Knowledge about disaster management improved   13 10 12  50  38.5 46.2  12 14 14  46.2  53.8  53.8   0 2 0  0 7.7 0  0  0  0   0 0 0  0 0 0  0  0  0  Impact s for future  - Willingness to learn more  - Willingness to be a health volunteer   25 21  96.2 80.8  0 5  0 19.2   0 0  0 0  1  0   3.8 0  0 0  0  0  All participants agreed that they had internalmotivation for being health volunteer, strongly agree(23%), and agree (77%). Regarding to questionsabout feeling the participants experienced beinghealth volunteer, 14 (53.8%) stated their strong dis-agreement if they felt underpressure, but 3 (11,5%)felt uncertain.  All of the participants stated theiragreement that they felt full of spirit, and self confi-dence for being health volunteers. Regarding tothe benefit of  being health volunteers, all of theparticipatns stated their agreement, 21 (80.8%)strongly agree, and 5 (19.2%) agree.All participants agreed that they had a goodcollaboration skills, 12 (46.2%) strongly agree andgood capability, 20 (76%) agree. Most of the par-ticipants stated their agreement that they had goodMutiara MedikaVol. 11 No. 1: 19-24, Januari 201123priorities of the attribute: empathy, honesty andgood team work capability.DISCUSSIONBeing health volunteers gives good impressionfor undergraduate nurse student. This study con-tributes to what is known about nursing disastermanagament, particularly being health volunteersduring the disaster.The demographic details of the participants ofthis study showed that there were some similari-ties between the participants and nurses in theworld. Globally, nursing is predominantly femaleprofession. Sixteen of 26 participants (61,54%)were female. More females involved in nursing maybe resulted from a belief that femalemare morecaring to patients and a nurse should be a female.Half of the participants were in the fourth years ofnursing education. The fourth years undergradu-ate nurse students have obtain courses aboutemergency nursing and disaster management. Itseems that more knowledge they have obtained,undegraduate nurse student more eager to behealth volunteer.Most of the participants stated their agreementthat they have a good communication skills withclients. The undergraduate nurse students of UMYhave been taught communication in their first year.Communication skills play a crucial roles duringemergency condition.6The participants stated about the benefits theygot including improved clinical skills and knowledgeabout disaster management, and improved orga-nizational skills. Being health volunteers enable un-dergraduate nurse students to learn more not onlyabout the knowledge and practical skills, but alsoabout soft skills.There were top three attributes which requiredfor being good health volunteers, including: hon-esty, empathy, and good team work skills. It seemsthat the participants have learned that empathy isneeded during delivering support for victims of di-sasters. Emphaty will also shows professionalismof a profession, it is in line with the school of nurs-ing mission which is to produce a professionalnurse. The participants also realize that having goodteam work skills is important, since a good disas-ter management requires interprofessional collabo-ration.This  study was a simple survey using a self-completed questionnaire and a small-scale studyinvolving only undergraduate nurse student study-ing at a university thus generalizations across theentire population of undergraduate nurse studentscannot be made. No other studies similar to thepresent study were found. Therefore, it was diffi-cult to compare and contrast the results of thepresent study with those of previous studies andthe replication of this study to other setting isneeded. Nevertheless, the results provide someinsight into the future of disaster management forundergraduate students, particularly about the ef-fectiveness and benefit, and provide the basis forfurther research.CONCLUSIONIn general, being health volunteers give se-veral benefits and all undergraduate nurse studentsstate positive experiences of being health volun-teers. Additional research could further evaluate theErna Rochmawati, Undergraduate Nurse Student’s Perceptions ...243. National Disaster Management Agency. Ac-cessed at http://dibi.bnpb.go.id/DesInventar/print_result.jsp accessed on 9 December2009.4 Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan FakultasKedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan UniversitasMuhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Buku PanduanAkademik. Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogya-karta. 2006.5 LoBiondo-Wood G, Haber J. Non experimen-tal designs: Nursing research: methods andcritical appraisal for evidence-based practice.6th eds, Mosby-Elsevier, Missouri. 2006.6 Sabri AA, Qayyum MA. Why Medical StudentsShould Be Trained in Disaster Management:Our Experience of the Kashmir Earthquake.Plos Medicine 2006;9(2):1452-1463.effectiveness of being health volunteer and its ap-plicability in different situtation. In addition, the un-dergraduate nurse students believed that personalattributes, including honesty, empathy and goodteam work skills are important for being a goodhealth volunteer during a disaster.REFERENCE1. Veenema TG. Expanding educational oppor-tunities in disaster response and emergencypreparedness for nurses. Nursing EducationPerspectives 2006:27(2):93-99.2. World Association for Disaster and EmergencyMedicine (WADEM). Health disaster manage-ment: guidelines for evaluation and researchin the Utstein style. Prehospital Disaster Medi-cine 2003;17:1-177.

Undergraduate Nurse Student’s Perceptions of Being Health Volunteer during Merapi Mountain Eruption 2010

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Undergraduate Nurse Student’s Perceptions of Being Health Volunteer during Merapi Mountain Eruption 2010

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