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Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Policía Nacional. La Paz, Bolivia.Ministerio de la Salud. Programa Departamental de ITS, VIH/SIDA. La Paz, Bolivia.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Background: Molecular epidemiological studies of HIV-1 in South America have revealed the occurrence of
subtypes B, F1 and BF1 recombinants. Even so, little information concerning the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in
Bolivia is available. In this study we performed phylogenetic analyses from samples collected in Bolivia at two
different points in time over a 10 year span. We analyzed these samples to estimate the trends in the HIV subtype
and recombinant forms over time.
Materials and methods: Fifty one HIV-1 positive samples were collected in Bolivia over two distinct periods (1996
and 2005). These samples were genetically characterized based on partial pol protease/reverse transcriptase (pr/rt)
and env regions. Alignment and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analyses were established from partial env (n =
37) and all pol sequences using Mega 4. The remaining 14 env sequences from 1996 were previously characterized
based on HMA-env (Heteroduplex mobility assay). The Simplot v.3.5.1 program was used to verify intragenic
recombination, and SplitsTree 4.0 was employed to confirm the phylogenetic relationship of the BF1 recombinant
samples.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of both env and pol regions confirmed the predominance of “pure” subtype B
(72.5%) samples circulating in Bolivia and revealed a high prevalence of BF1 genotypes (27.5%). Eleven out of 14
BF1 recombinants displayed a mosaic structure identical or similar to that described for the CRF12_BF variant, one
sample was classified as CRF17_BF, and two others were F1pol/Benv. No “pure” HIV-1 subtype F1 or B” variant of
subtype B was detected in the present study. Of note, samples characterized as CRF12_BF-related were depicted
only in 2005.
Conclusion: HIV-1 genetic diversity in Bolivia is mostly driven by subtype B followed by BF1 recombinant strains
from the CRF12_BF “family”. No significant temporal changes were detected between the mid-1990s and the mid-
2000s for subtype B (76.2% vs 70.0%) or BF1 recombinant (23.8% vs 30.0%) samples from Bolivia
