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Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Estácio de Sá. Programa de Produtividade Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil .Sepsis is characterized by inflammatory and metabolic alterations, which lead to massive
cytokine production, oxidative stress and organ dysfunction. In severe systemic inflammatory
response syndrome, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are increased. Several NEFA
are deleterious to cells, activate Toll-like receptors and inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase, causing lung
injury. A Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil is beneficial. Themain component of olive oil is
omega-9 oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA).We analyzed the effect of OA
supplementation on sepsis. OA ameliorated clinical symptoms, increased the survival rate,
prevented liver and kidney injury and decreased NEFA plasma levels inmice subjected to
cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). OA did not alter food intake and weight gain but diminished
reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NEFA plasma levels. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase
IA (CPT1A) mRNA levels were increased, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) liver
expression was enhanced in mice treated with OA. OA also inhibited the decrease in 5' AMPactivated
protein kinase (AMPK) expression and increased the enzyme expression in the liver
of OA-treated mice compared to septic animals.We showed that OA pretreatment decreased
NEFA concentration and increased CPT1A and UCP2 and AMPK levels, decreasing ROS
production.We suggest that OA has a beneficial role in sepsis by decreasing metabolic dysfunction,
supporting the benefits of diets high inmonounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)
