Chronic pain poses a major concern to modern medicine and is frequently undertreated, causing suffering and
disability. Transdermal delivery is the pivot to which analgesic research in drug delivery has centralized especially
with the confines of needle phobias and associated pain related to traditional injections, and the existing
limitations associated with oral drug delivery. Highlighted within this thesis is the possibility of further developing
transdermal drug delivery for chronic pain treatment using an Electro-Modulated Hydrogel- Microneedle array
(EMHM) prototype device for the delivery of analgesic medicatio
