Djukić Nada

Maletin Stevan

Miljanovic B.

English

University of Szeged

HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN FISH FROM "BACKWATER TISZA" (BISER ISLAND) S.Maletin, N. Djukic and B.Miljanovic Maletin, S., Djukic, N. and Miljanovic, B. (1992): Heavy metal content in fish from Backwater Tisza (Biser island). - TISCIA 26,25-28. Abstract. Concentration of 8 heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb) and that of Al were analyzed in certain tissues and organs (gills, liver, spleen, kidney, gonads and muscles) in 7 fish species with different habitats and nutrition types (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Abramis brama, Lepomis gibosus, Stizostedion lucioperca, Esox lucius and Silurus glanis) caught by electroagregate during 1991. High bioaccumulation of Zn was found in gills and anex glands of benthivores, while in predators high amount of A1 was found in gonads. Concentration of Fe is constantly high in most organs in fish investigated. Other heavy metals were found in considerably lower amounts. Keywords: accumulation, benthivores, freshwater, piscivores. S.Maletin, N. Djukic and B.Miljanovic, Institute of Biology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Introduction Increase of concentration of heavy metal ions in hydroecosystems is caused by influence of not properly treated waste waters, or as a consequence of disperse pollutants. These elements can, in higher concentrations, act on hydrobionts as direct intoxicants, or, more often, be carried through food chains and accumulate in organs and tissues of fish. Their presence in water habitat is a special problem, different from other pollutants which can be decomposed or otherwise eliminated from water. Heavy metal content in water and sediments of river Tisza and its backwaters was investigated during last decade, especially in Hungary. Extreme load of these pollutants was found at some parts of river, being under influence of industrial waste waters (Fügedi and Fekete, 1980; László and Berta, 1981; Fekete, 1984). At the same time, high content of these intoxicants was found in invertebrates and certain organs and muscles of the fish in Danube and its affluents by Wachs (1982, 1983, 1985), Gaál et al. (1985), Yevtusenko et al. (1990) and Pujin et al. (1990), but no selectivity in accumulation and level of concentration in hydrobionts, depending on amount of these agents in environment. Material and methods Material was caught during 1991, using electroagregate. Concentration of 8 heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb) and of Al was analyzed in muscles, gills, liver, spleen, kidneys and gonads of 7 fish species from different habitats and with different types of feeding. Two ecological groups were investigated: benthivores (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus gibelio and Abramis brama) and predators (Lepomis gibbosus, Stizostedion lucioperca, Esox lucius and Silurus glanis) five specimens of each. Samples were prepared by standard methods and measured on flame AAS Perkin Elmer. Heavy metal content was shown as mean values in mg/kg fresh weight. Results and discussion Total amount of heavy metals bioaccumulation was different in tissues and organs of investigated fish species (Fig. 1). It was 3.33-fold higher in muscles of predators than in those of benthivores, which is connected with state of analyzed species in food chains. At the same time, concentration of heavy metals (and of Al) was 3.34-fold higher in gills of benthivores than in those of predators. This 25 TI SCI A 26 result can be explained by different conditions of heavy metals amount in water and in mud. \ 1 J J Backwater T»u at Curug Rn#í Tisza at th« mous« M • Musct*» C -Gib I • lm*r oroaru A a m a I I B«nthivores Y/A Piscrvores Fig. 1. Total heavy metal content in some Fish groups according to feeding type. Sequence of total selectivity: I > G > M (BackwaterTisza); G > I > M (river Tisza). See text for abbreviations. benthivore, this value was 21.77, whereas in predators it ranged between 11.13 (S. glanis) and 15.73 (S. lucioperca), Fig. 2. Selectivity of certain tissues and organs in bioaccumulation of heavy metals is very similar for both ecological groups. Sequence was in benthivores (C. carpio) as follows: S > Gi > H > Go > M, and in piscivores: S > Go > H > Gi > M (5. lucioperca) and K > Go > S > Gi > M (S. glanis). (Abbreviations: S = spleen, Gi = gills, H = liver, Go = gonads, M = muscles, K = kidney.) Generally, it can be concluded that highest accumulation of heavy metals occurred in internal organs (mostly spleen and kidney), then following gills and at last muscles. When comparing heavy metal content of fish caught in Tisza mouth, somewhat different situation can be noted. Benthivores have lower concentration of total heavy metals amount than predators. Least difference was established in internal organs (1.68), then in muscles (1.90), and highest in gills (2. 58), (Figs. 1 and 2). Backwater Tisza at Curug . u n H. n.n Rtvar Tisza at the mouse Oll Ol M l/M 4 5 6 7 I I Benthivores Y/A Piscivores Fig. 2. Relationships between total heavy metal content of organs in some fish groups and species. Bars without number are averages of groups. The total heavy metal content in gills and muscles, as well as internal organs and muscles, is different, depending on the investigated group, as well as species. Namely, concentration of heavy metals was 15-fold higher in gills of benthivores than in muscles, whereas in predators this relationship is only 1.34. In certain benthivore species, this ratio ranges between approximately 9 and 18, and in predators between 1.25 and 1.88. Significantly higher differences were obtained between two examined groups in relationship between total heavy metal amount of internal organs and that of muscles. In C. carpio, which is 90-80-70-01 60-I J 50-$ - 40-o> |> 30-20-10-0-3 1 2 4 5 6 8 7 3 2 1 4 5 8 6 7 1 3 2 4 5 8 6 7 F e > Z n > A I > M n > C u > P b > N i > C o 297 291 Spleen 1. Zn 2. AI 3. Fe 4. Mn 5. Cu 6. Ni 7. Co 8. Pb 3 1 2 4 5 8 6 1 3 2 5 8 6 4 7 Fig. 3. Accumulation of heavy metals in benthivore fish species Ratio between total heavy metals concentration in certain organs of groups examined varies from approx. 2 to 6. Smallest 26 TI SCI A 26 values were found for ratio between gills and internal organs in benthivores, as well as between internal organs and muscles in predators, and higher between gills and muscles in both groups. The same sequence was established in both groups: Gi > I > M, (I = intestinum) in selectivity of investigated organs to bioaccumulation of heavy metals. Sequence of certain heavy metal bioaccumulat-ion in organs of investigated fish from Backwater Tisza was very similar for both ecological groups. According to these investigations, following sequence would be formed for benthivores: Fe > Zn > A1 > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co, while Cd was not found (Fig. 3). At the same time, the same sequence was found in piscivores, with minor differences for certain species and organs, and with Cd at the end, stored in liver and kidneys. High concentrations of Fe, Zn and A1 were found in gills and anex glands of benthivores, as well as in internal organs of predators (Fig. 4). 90-80-70-£ o> 60-1 •C 50-40-É 30-20-10-0-J 105 y o' Muscles Gills Hepar  III... III, 100 90 80 r 70 o> s 60 IL s 50 O) 40 rc> b 30 20 10 3 6 1 2 8 4 5 7 3 1 2 4 8 5 6 7 3 2 1 5 4 8 7 6 9 Ff l>7n>AI>Mn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Co>Cd 170 170 153 Spleen i L Kidney Gonads 1. Zn 2 . A I 3. Fe 4. Mn 5. Cu 6. Ni 7. Co 8. Pb 9.Cd 3 2 1 5 8 4 7 6 3 2 1 8 5 4 9 6 7 2 3 1 8 4 5 7 6 Fig. 4. Accumulation of heavy metals in predators. Concentration of other metals was significantly lower. In this group, Mn was prominent in benthivores gills, and Ni in piscivores muscles (E. lucius). In order to do detailed analysis of heavy metals concentration in certain tissues of fish, relationship was established between internal organs and muscles, gills and muscles, as well as between internal organs and gills. Higher concentration of all 9 elements was found in internal organs than in muscles of examined benthivores and some piscivores (S. lucioperca and S. glanis). These values ranged from several to even 103.21-fold (A1 in C. carpio). On the contrary, 5 times more Pb was found in muscles of E. lucius than in internal organs. Similar situation was in examined benthivores, where level of certain metals was 1.19 to 33.73-fold higher than in breathing organs. C. carpio l/M 103.21 G/M l/G M • Muscles G - Gills I - Inner organs U 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 /M C. auratus gibelio A. brama I i L. gibbosus 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 I, 1,1,1 I 1,1 3 4 5 6 7 Í Fig. 5. Ratio of some heavy metals between organs in fish species (mostly benthivores). However, somewhat different sequence was found in predators, so some intoxicants were more accumulated in muscles. Highest values were found for Ni (40.6-fold), while for others - Al, Fe, Cu and Pb - this relationship was up to 5-fold. Accumulation of certain metals was also found in higher concentration in internal organs compared to gills, with highest values for Al in predators (60.63-fold in S. lucioperca and 41.33-fold in 5. glanis). Reversed relationship was established for 27 TI SCI A 26 all predators and C. carpio, but with lower values for Pb, Co and Zn (4 to 6-fold), (Figs. 5 and 6). S. luciopefca l/M G/M Ü l/G 60.63 ft M - Muscles G - Gills I • Inner organs • i l l 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Í E. lucius 1 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 S. glanis 41.33 G/M jJU l/G 40.9 n.H.M, m G/M l/G 1. Zn 2. Al 3. Fe 4. Mn 5. Cu 6. Ni 7. Co 8. Pb l ln l l . J... J. . 1 I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fig. 6. Ratio of some heavy metals between organs in predatory fish. By investigating heavy metals concentration in similar backwaters Alpár and Lakitelek, Fekete (1984) also found highest values for Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in water. Fügedi and Fekete (1980) examined content of heavy metals in water and mud in Hungarian part of Tisza, also finding highest values for Cu and Zn, mostly at mouths of affluents, while László and Berta (1981) found also high concentrations of Fe on the same area. Conclusion By the analysis of ways and final locations of certain heavy metals deposition in tissues and organs of fish from Backwater Tisza, it can be concluded that most of them are accumulated in high concentrations in internal organs (spleen, liver, kidneys, gonads). Lower concentrations was found in gills, and the end of this sequence are muscles, where most of heavy metals are least deposited. Predators are exception, especially E. lucius, where in muscles and gills higher concentration was found for Ni, Pb, Co and Zn. References Fekete, E. (1984): Study on the heavy metals having effect on the water biocenosis in the backwaters at Alpár and Lakitelek. Tiscia 21,3-15. Fügedi, K. and Fekete, E. (1980): Heavy-metal investigation in to the water and bottom sediment samples of the river Tisza. Tiscia 15,9-17. Gaál, S., Füzesi, I. and Pénzes, P. (1985): Heavy metal content of the fishes of lake Balaton, Danube and Tisza during the period 1979-1982. Symp. biol. Hun., 29,91-104. László, F. and Berta, E. (1981): Heavy metals in sediment samples taken along the longitudinal section of the Tisza. Tiscia 16,45-54. Pujin, V., Djukic, N., Maletin, S., Obradovic, S. and Kostic, D. (1990): Content of heavy metals in some fish species in the section of Danube flowing through Vojvodina. Wat. Sci. Tech. 22,79-86. Wachs, B. (1982): Schwermetallgehalt von Fischen aus der Donau. Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 15,43-49. Wachs, B. (1983): Bioindikatoren für erhohte Metallgehalte in Fliessgewasern. Naturwissenschaften 70,577-580. Wachs, B. (1985): Bioindicator for the heavy metal load of river ecosystem. Symp. Biol. Hun. 29,179-181. Yevtusenko, N.Yu., Bren, N.V. and Sytnik, Yu.M. (1990): Heavy metal contents in invertebrates of the Danube river. Wat. Sci. Tech. 22,119-125. 28 TI SCI A 26 

Heavy metal content in fish from Backwater Tisza (Biser island)

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Heavy metal content in fish from Backwater Tisza (Biser island)

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