Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of SãoPaulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochustabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic speciesS. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded onlyfrom the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundantisopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia

Araujo, P. B.

Magrini, M. J.

Uehara-Prado, M.

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Journal of species lists and distribution Chec ListISSN 1809-127X (online edition)© 2010 Check List and AuthorsOpen Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.brNotes oN GeoGraphic DistributioN217 Check List | Volume 6 | Issue 2 | 2010The suborder Oniscidea (terrestrial isopods) includes more  than  3,600  worldwide  species  (Schmalfuss  2003) that occur in almost all terrestrial habitats, from deserts to  forests,  rangelands,  agroecosystems,  mountains, bromeliads, ant nests, and caves. A survey of American Oniscidea listed 254 species (van Name 1936; 1940; 1942) and subsequent publications led to an increase to up to 521  described  nominal  species  in  1997  (Leistikow  and Wägele 1999). Moreover, every expedition to the tropical rain forests reveals new species and even genera (Ferrara and Taiti 1989). Since a detailed taxonomy requires careful dissections, there is a lack of reliable guides for identifying tropical  woodlice  and  many  of  the  tropical  Oniscidea fauna  remains  to  be  described.  Leistikow  and  Wägele (1999) present a species checklist for the Americas and their quotation in the literature. The authors provide a historical approach through prior records in the province/state,  habitat  data  for  each  species  and  indicate  which species  were  probably  introduced  by  human  activities. Although these records are available for woodlice species in the American continent, data on their native distribution remains scarce.Terrestrial  isopods  were  sampled  in  four  protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil: Núcleo Santa Virgínia (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar), Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Parque das Neblinas (a Natural Patrimony Private Reserve) and Reserva Biológica de Paranapiacaba. The vegetation comprises montane ombrophilous forest interspersed to some degree with secondary forest in all sites. The soil composition  is  predominantly  red-yellow  Argisol  and Inceptisol. The altitude varies from 700 m to 1,100 m, and the distance from coast is about 10 to 20 km. Climate in the region is humid, with absence of a dry season (DNMet 1992).Samplings  were  undertaken  in  each  protected  area with 60 pitfall traps distributed in 12 sampling units within forest  areas.  Each  sampling  unit  was  comprised  of  five Abstract: Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochus tabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic species S. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundant isopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia.1  Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia. CP 6109. CEP 13084-971. Campinas, SP, Brazil.2  Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia. Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, prédio 43435  Agronomia. CEP 91501-970. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.3  Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia. CP 6109. CEP 13084-971. Campinas, SP,   Brazil.*  Corresponding author. E-mail: muprado@yahoo.comMariana Juventina Magrini 1*, Paula Beatriz Araujo 2 and Marcio Uehara-Prado 3Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802: New continent record and distribution extension in Brazilpitfall traps, arranged in a line and placed approximately two meters apart. The pitfall traps were made up with 500-mL plastic containers with 8.5 cm diameter, buried so  the  opening  would  be  flush  with  the  ground,  and protected  from  rain  and  falling  leaves  by  a  styrofoam cover. A mixture of 69.9 % water, 30.0 % propylene glycol,   0.1 % formaldehyde and some drops of detergent (to break the  surface  tension  and  facilitate  arthropod  collection) was used as preserving liquid. The traps were left open   in the field for six days per month. Sampling at Núcleo Santa  Virgínia  was  done  from  November  2004  to  May   2005.  Likewise,  Estação  Biológica  de  Boracéia  and Parque das Neblinas were sampled from November 2005 to  May  2006,  and  collections  at  Reserva  Biológica  de Paranapiacaba took place from November 2006 to May 2007.  The  woodlice  collected  were  preserved  in  70  % ethanol and stored in the Museu de Zoologia - Instituto de  Biologia/Unicamp,  Campinas,  São  Paulo,  and  in  the Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.Overall,  we  sampled  six  species  from  five  Oniscidea families:  Benthana  werneri  Lemos  de  Castro,  1958 (“Philosciidae”)  and  Pudeoniscus  obscurus  Lemos  de Castro,  1973  (Pudeoniscidae),  already  recorded  in  the state  of  São  Paulo  (Lemos  de  Castro  1958  and  1973); Atlantoscia sp. (“Philosciidae”), probably an undescribed species;  Trichorhina  sp.  (“Platyarthridae”),  a  genus with  a  worldwide  distribution  (Schmalfuss  2003); Styloniscus  spinosus  (Patience,  1907)  (Styloniscidae); and  Pseudodiploexochus  tabularis  (Barnard,  1932) (Armadillidae), an introduced species (see Leistikow and Wägele 1999; Schmalfuss 2003).There  is  still  controversy  on  terrestrial  Isopoda systematics, and evidences suggest that many families are probably  paraphyletic  or  polyphyletic  (Schmidt  2008). Therefore,  the  species  below  are  listed  in  alphabetical instead in systematic order.Check List | Volume 6 | Issue 2 | 2010 218Magrini et al. | Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802“Philosciidae”Atlantoscia Ferrara and Taiti, 1981Atlantoscia sp. São  Paulo,  Núcleo  Santa  Virgínia  (23°20’09”  S, 45°08’45” W), Estação Biológica de Boracéia (23°39’10” S,  45°53’20”  W),  Parque  das  Neblinas  (23°44’52”  S, 46°09’44”  W)  and  Reserva  Biológica  de  Paranapiacaba (23°46’00” S, 46°18’20” W).To the present, the genus Atlantoscia is represented in Brazil by two species. Atlantoscia floridana (van Name, 1940) is recorded from coastal regions of Florida (USA); Brazilian coastal states; La Plata (Argentina); Ascension and St. Helena islands (Ferrara and Taiti 1981; Taiti and Ferrara  1991;  Araujo  et  al.  1996;  Schmalfuss  2003). Atlantoscia  rubromarginata  Araujo  and  Leistikow,  1999 is recorded from Sergipe, northeastern Brazil (Araujo and Leistikow 1999).The  most  abundant  species  in  this  study  was Atlantoscia sp. showing a similar pattern of abundance of A. floridana, a species that is cited as dominant in different phytogeographic  regions  of  Brazil  (Lopes  et  al.  2005; Almerão et al. 2006). No quantitative data is available for A. rubromarginata.Benthana werneri Lemos de Castro, 1958São  Paulo,  Núcleo  Santa  Virgínia  (23°20’09”  S, 45°08’45” W), Estação Biológica de Boracéia (23°39’10” S,  45°53’20”  W),  Parque  das  Neblinas  (23°44’52”  S, 46°09’44”  W)  and  Reserva  Biológica  de  Paranapiacaba (23°46’00” S, 46°18’20” W).Benthana werneri is known only from the state of São Paulo (Lemos de Castro 1958; Schmalfuss 2003) and occur jointly with Atlantoscia in Atlantic Forest sites (Lemos de Castro 1958; 1985). ArmadillidaePseudodiploexochus tabularis (Barnard, 1932)São  Paulo,  Reserva  Biológica  de  Paranapiacaba (23°46’00” S, 46°18’20” W).Most  species  of  Pseudodiploexochus  have  been recorded  from  the  African  continent  (Taiti  and  Ferrara 1979;  Schmalfuss  2003).  Pseudodiploexochus  tabularis is recorded from Cape Province (South Africa) and Brazil, where  it  was  recently  recorded  in  the  coastline  of  the   state of Rio Grande do Sul (Lopes et al. 2001; Lopes et al. 2005; Almerão et al. 2006). The only previous record of a species of Pseudodiploexochus from the state of São Paulo  is  P.  gibbus  (Lemos  de  Castro  1972;  Schmalfuss 2003).PudeoniscidaePudeoniscus obscurus Lemos de Castro, 1973São Paulo, Parque das Neblinas (23°44’52” S, 46°09’44” W).Pudeoniscus Vandel, 1963 is an american genus with only two species described (Schmalfuss 2003). Pudeoniscus obscurus is known only from the state of São Paulo (Lemos de Castro 1973).StyloniscidaeStyloniscus spinosus (Patience, 1907).São  Paulo,  Núcleo  Santa  Virgínia  (23°20’09”  S, 45°08’45” W), Parque das Neblinas (23°44’52” S, 46°09’44” W) and Reserva Biológica de Paranapiacaba (23°46’00” S, 46°18’20” W). The genus Styloniscus has a widespread distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, occurring in Argentina, Chile, Tasmania  (Australia),  New  Zealand,  Africa  (including Madagascar), and several islands from the subtropics to the  sub-Antarctic  (Schmalfuss  2003).  Twelve  out  of  42 species  on  this  genus  occur  in  the  American  continent (Schmalfuss 2003). This is the first record of S. spinosus in Brazil. The species is considered adventive from Hawaii and has records from Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar and greenhouses  in  Great  Britain  (Taiti  and  Howarth  1996; Schmalfuss 2003).Styloniscus otakensis (Chilton, 1901) is recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Lopes et al. 2005).“Platyarthridae”Trichorhina Budde-Lund, 1908Trichorhina sp.São Paulo, Núcleo Santa Virgínia (23°20’09” S, 45°08’45” W)  and  Estação  Biológica  de  Boracéia  (23°39’10”  S, 45°53’20” W).This genus has a worldwide distribution comprising 55 currently recognized species (Araujo and Almerão 2007). Many  of  the  species  described  are  from  the  Americas (Leistikow and Wägele 1999; Schmalfuss 2003). Although  no  specific  studies  concerning  the   colonization  of  exotic  woodlice  in  South  America  have been made, we believe that the introduction of species begun  around  year  1500,  together  with  the  arrival of  ships  from  European  explorers,  whose  holds  were habitually ballasted with soil from the Europe, similarly to the process occurred in North America (Palmén 1951 apud Jass and Klaumeier 2000). The trade of agricultural supplies like plant vases might also have transported such edaphic fauna (Jass and Klaumeier 2000). In Brazil, species may also have been introduced from other major shipping routes, like commercial routes between Africa and Brazil.Pseudodiploexochus  tabularis,  a  species  introduced in Brazil, has its native distribution in South Africa. The present  record  of  the  species  enlarges  its  geographic distribution in Brazil, since it was recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where it was also collected in the litter layer of Atlantic forests. Therefore, we expect that new records for P. tabularis would occur within remnants of this biome.Styloniscus spinosus was not previously recorded in the Americas  (Schmalfuss  2003).  In  our  studies  comparing disturbed  and  undisturbed  sections  of  Atlantic  Forest reserves, this species had greater abundance in areas with higher  anthropogenic  disturbance  (Uehara-Prado  et  al. 2009; Magrini et al. unpublished data).We also report here a new species of Atlantoscia, which remains to be described.219 Check List | Volume 6 | Issue 2 | 2010Magrini et al. | Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802Received: August 2009 Revised: March 2010Accepted: March 2010Published online: April 2010Editorial responsibility: Ana Lúcia TourinhoLiterature CitedAlmerão, M.P., M.S. Mendonça Jr, A.F. Quadros, E. Pedó, L.G.R. Silva and P.B.  Araujo.  2006.  Terrestrial  isopod  diversity  in  the  subtropical Neotropics:  Itapuã  State  Park,  southern  Brazil.  Iheringia,  Serie Zoologia 94(4): 473-477.Araujo, P.B. and M.P. Almerão. 2007. Nova espécie de Trichorhina (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Plathyarthridae) do Brasil. 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Crustaceana 73: 771-799.Leistikow, A. and J.W. Wägele. 1999. Checklist of the terrestrial isopods of the new world (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16: 1-72.Lemos de Castro, A.L. 1958. Revisão do gênero Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda, Oniscidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional 44: 85-118.Lemos de Castro, A.L. 1973, Pudeoniscidae, família nova com descrição de um gênero novo e três espécies novas de isópodos terrestres do Acknowledgments: M.U.-P. would like to thank all of the students who participated in the project “Artrópodes como indicadores biológicos de perturbação antrópica em Floresta Atlântica”, especially Huang Shih Fang, J.O. Fernandes and C. Matavelli for field and laboratory assistance. We are indebted to the following persons and institutions for work permits: J.P. Villani (Instituto Florestal), Dr. H. Zaher (Museu de Zoologia - USP), G.R. Dias (Instituto Ecofuturo), Drs. R.S. Bianchini and C.J.F. de Oliveira Jr. (Instituto de Botânica) and H.K. Boscolo and S.A. Saccardo (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente). We also acknowledge all employees in the protected areas for facilitating our fieldwork. R.B. Andrade kindly revised the English. This study was conducted as part of M.U.-P.’s doctorate project in Ecology (CNPq fellowship 140116 - 2004 - 4) and M.J.M. undergraduate project (CNPq / PIBIC) at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).Brasil (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia 287: 1-10, 5 figuras.Lemos  de  Castro,  A.L.  1985.  Considerações  sobre  Atlantoscia  alceui. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 45: 241-247.Lopes, E.R.C., P.B. Araujo and G. Bond-Buckup. 2001. Pseudodiploexochus tabularis  (Barnard),  novo  registro  de  Armadillidae  (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidae) para o Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18: 655-656. Lopes, E.R.C., M.S. Mendonça Jr., G. Bond-Buckup and P.B. Araujo. 2005. 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Santos, F.Z.  Vaz-de-Mello  and  A.V.L.  Freitas.  2009.  Selecting  terrestrial arthropods as indicators of small-scale disturbance: A first approach in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biological Conservation 142: 1220-1228.van  Name,  W.G.  1936.  American  terrestrial  and  fresh  water  Isopoda. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 71: 1-520.van Name, W.G. 1940. A supplement to the American land and freshwater isopod crustacea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77: 109-142.van Name, W.G. 1942. A second supplement to the American Isopoda. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 80: 299-329.

Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802: New continent record and distribution extension in Brazil

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