volumes illustrations (some color) portraits 30 cm. Editor: Marjorie B. Milne. Produced by Adprint. Cover illustration and design by G.A. Adams. Printed in photogravure by Harrison & Sons Ltd. London. Cover, binding and offset printing by Jerrold & Sons Ltd. Norwich. Advertisements in letterpress by W.S. Cowell Ltd. Ipswich; Alabaster Passmore & Sons Ltd. Maidstone; Thos. Forman & Sons Ltd. Nottingham. The photogravure and offset parts have been printed on Mellotex Paper made by Tullis Russell & Co. Ltd. Markinch Scotland. Information graphics. Casebinding. Library has Volume I. Overture & volume IV. Transformation.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/specialcollections_books_graphicdesign/1005/thumbnail.jp

Collections, Special

Library, Fleet

Milne, Marjory B.

English

Rhode Island School of Design

.... Overture· "d /lower t/4,fl,t lnoWJ no .Feannz-, nor Jteal.F /tfJ radiance PRODUITS DE BEAUTE LONDON PARIS NEW YORK CONTENTS INTRODUCTOHY NOTE THE NATIONAL BRAINS TRUST An analysis and an appraisement of the higher-grade Civil Service MEDICINE IN WAR AND PEACE by Stephen Taylor, M.D., M.R.C.P., M.P. TRADINi; WITH U.S.S.R. Britain needs Russian raw materials. Russia needs British exports. Just a question of organisation? THE NEW 'OLD VIC' by'\'\'. J. Turner HOUSING AND HOMES IN POST-WAR BRITAIN by Mark Abrams 14 24 35 41 FORTY YEARS OF AIRCRAFT HISTORY 50 Cuts from a Disuey film EDITOR: .\lARJOHJE BnucE .M1LNE EDITORIAL CO~SULTANTS: S. C. LESLIE-Chair111a11 D. N. CHESTER D. A. ROUTH FURTHER FUTURE BOOKS VOLUME 11 T'HE STAGE JS SET VOLUME 1J [ TIIE CROWDED SCENE VOLUME TV 'fRANSFORMATlON FUTURE BOOKS I 'DUSTRY GOVERNMENT SCIENCE ARTS VOLUME l OVERTURE POETRY-YESTEllDAY. TO-DAY AND 52 TO-MOH HO\\ hy Cecil Day Lewis BRlTAIN'S BOOK-READING HABITS A surYey by B.I.P.O. A HUNDRED YEAHS OF PROGRESS by OsbNt Lanca~tcr 62 63 COAL: THE "lATIONAL PLAGUE SPOT 64 Extract from Twn1ti,•th c .. 11tury British /li$tory. publi,-lwd in the year 2011 THE SCATTERED BEAUTY OF LONDON 79 by Stephen Spencln T.V.A. FOH SOUTH-EAST EUROPE 82 by Profr-~~or Uavid Mitrany PAPER FOR THE PRESS Tlw raw material for frcc speech il'- in short i->11pply by R.H. F,·y P·RODUCED BY ADPRINT Primed in photogr(lt'll'rr by HARRISON ,S. so~~ LTD LONDON W.C.:! Co11er, bimli11g all(/ offsrt pri11ting by ,)AHH.OLD & SONS LTD NOHWICII Adver1iseme11ts in fo11r-colo11r lellerpn:ss by W. S. COWELL LTD IPSWICH BEN JOHNSON & CO LTD YOHK 99 ALABASTER PASSMORE & SONS LTD .MAIDSTONE LEATHLEY PUBLICATIONS LTD 162A STRAND W.C.2 TELEPHONE, TEMPLE BAR 2953 V I VICTORIOUS RUSSIA badly mauled, set upon speedy reconstruction ,md development of her V(l.St natural weallh, wishes to buy ... MACHINE TOOLS, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, POWER STATIONS, TELEPHONE AND RADIO INSTALLATIONS, PRECISION INSTRUMENTS, RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, TRUCKS AND MAIN-TENANCE EQUIPMENT, ROLLING MILLS, FORCING PRESSES, CRUSUERS, MJNJNC MACHINERY, OIL DRILLING AND REFINING EQUIPMENT, MOTOR PRODUCTION AND FURNITURE MANUFACTURING PLANT, TEX· TILE AND FOOD PROCESSING MACHINERY, COLONIAL PRODUCE, FOODSTUFFS, ETC. ETC. After completion of urgent reconstruction tasks payment ca,1. be made in raw materials such as : TIMBER, PULPWOOD, PUl,P, FLAX, CITROME ORE, PLATINUM, MANGANESE, TUNGSTEN, COPPER, OIL, FURS, COLD. Long-term commcrcfol credits will be ueeded to bridge the intervening period, Discussions hatie been takfog place with the United States for a loan of $6,000 million a.,id for commercial credits of $2,500 rnillio,,. Many of Hussia's requirements coulcl be satii:;fie<l by ·Britain's traditional export industric8. Russian raw materials which will become available for export in repay-ment match British more closely than American needs. How far Britain can help prime up Anglo-Soviet trade on a sizable scale will depend on finding funds to the tune of £500-£750 million for a period of some 20 years, or developing the multil~teral trading scheme envisaged in the Bretton Woods proposals. Pending a solution of the financial problems involved, FUTURE has examined the mechanism, past history, and general po-tentialities of Anglo-Soviet trade, and submits this survey as a contribution to the discussion on BHITJSH EXPORTS TRADING WITH lJSSB TUE war against G,mnany revealed to the full the mili-tary--that is, the industrial strength of the U.S.S.R. One of the most backward countries of the world before the last war and utterly defeated by Kaiser-Germany then, she has in this conflict proved herself capable of holding, expelling, and helping to defeat the much more highly organised war machine of the Third Heich. British, American and Canadian Lcnd•Lcasc supplies made an important contribution; though Hussia docs not grant that they amounted to more that 10 or 15 per cent of her own total effort. The price of victory to Uussia was, however, colossal. Her industrialisation in the 13 years (1928-1941) preced-ing Germany's attack was carried out without the aid of foreign loans or long•tcrm credits. She could only pITT· chase machinery from Britain, Germany and the U.S.A. on comparatively small short-term credit at very high interest rates. (Britain advanced £15 million between 1929 and 1932 at 8 to 9 per cent. for 12-18 months at a time, and granted £10 million in 1936 for five years at 5}· per cent.) Russia had in fact to rely almost exclusively on internal capital created through organised effort and enforced saving. She <lill the job at hreak•neck speed: a tempo dictated, as Stalin declared in the early thirties, hy the " danger of foreign attack within ten years." The result of all this planned under-consumption was visible to anyone who visited the Soviet Union ; up•to-date industrial plant and military equipment contrasted with a dearth of consumer goods which western nations cou1d hardly imagin(', 24 The Soviet Union's Foreign Trade with Britain and U.S.A. 1935 Other countries Each arrow represents goods to the Value of SO million roubles pointing inwards: imports to the Soviet Union pointing outwards: exports from the Soviet Union 25 1938 United States Other Countries o,o,,..i:J , ... s111u1tl' MOUNTAIN CHAINS AND MAIN WATER COMMUNICATIONS OF SOUTH-EAST EUROPE This map is presented from an unusual aspect. North is to the right Instead of at the top. The Idea Is to show the Danube Valley as the centre of the chart. The reader is looking up stream from the mouth of the rivu. The Danubian basin appears to be cut In two parts, c1;>nn~cted only by the Iron Gate. It will be seen that the more important outlet to the Hungarian plain is southward to Salonika. The distribution of black symbols along the course of the Danube Indicates the relative density of river traffic. insidious political factors to give the technical factor its proper scope, on some such lines as those discussed above. All the parts of such a programme would dovetail into each other, not because the scheme is neat but be-cause it is natur~l. And being natural, it would make relatively the least call upon foreign capital and resources and on every side i would play its part in raising the region's standard of living. This in turn would create a growing market for the industrial countries of the West and in time should bring a generous return for intelligent 92 RAILWAYS AND SECONDARY ROADS DENMARK t I ri---__._______.__,/ t t t. t ____ ._ _ __.__ _ __._ _ __..__-'-----'---..._ t. t '----...&-'----"----"--__.__ _ __._ _ __._~___.,&_-t. ___ ..._ __ ......_ __ __. ___ .__ __ ...1.... __ __a. __ __.L___ DANUBIA 1 r--r-i t t t· t t . '-----'L--t t j Each man represents one-tenth of the t~ul population Red: urban. Green: rural. Each unit of length represen_ts 1 metre of transport route for every 10 people. Red: railways. Green: secondary roads. Below FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN DENMARK--modern farming methods -enable one agricultural worker to produce enough food for '4 people. Three-fourths of the total produced can there-fore be exported. IN DANUBIA--one agricultural worker produces food for only 1 ~ people. But SO per cent of the food produced is exported, leaving a 25 per cent deficiency for the home population. t·'---'~ t FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 93 •••• •••• •••• •••• DANUBIA • •• ••• • •• Each green sack represents enough food for one person. :=.Iii INFANT MORTALITY Light grey-9 per cent and under. Medium grey-9-13 per cent. Dark grey-13-17 per cent. Black-over 17'-per cent. DEATHS OF INFANTS UNDER ONE YEAR 1938 POLAND tfiff1l Each cross represents 1 death per 100 live births. After the last war the land reforms turned out in the end to be no more than measures of land distribution, to appease the peasants. Very little was done to turn the redistribution of land into a radical reform of agricultural method. For the time being the new land division, with its multiplication .of very small estates, will aggravate rather than cure this t~chnical backwardness, especially as for some time to come there will be less opportunity to provide the peasants with implements and live stock than ~fter the last war. But a change seems to be in prospect. The present authorities ~ave allowed the peas-ants to take over the live stock from the estates which have been broken up, but agricultural machines, etc., are to remain communal property so that they may be used jointly according to needs. The shortage of machines, implements and animals makes a measure of co-operation inevitable in any case, but there have been indications that something more than that is contemplated, at least in so.me parts. In Bulgaria, which seems to be under closer Soviet influence, it appears that individual owner-ship is to be combined with co-operative farming of a systematic nature. These ideas have not yet been worked out but they suggest something like collectivisation of farming without collectivisation of ownership. WATER POWER-USED AND UNUSED WATER POWER: Each blue waterfall represents 100,000 h.p. potential hydraulic power at minimum flow. Red arrows show power in actual use. '5ource:P.E.P.broadsheet,July1944 96 THE ALTITUDES OF SOUTH-EAST EUROPE 1200 600 JOOh 3000 ,v "4 <>' SERBIAN ~LATEAU V) li Altitudes are an important factor in the development of water power. Rivers running down mountain slopes can feed electric power stations and drive water mills and other devices which help man in his work. The steeper the gradient, the more forceful the fall of water; the greater the bulk of water, the more power available. (Readers interested in the technique of map-mok.ing will see that the strong impression of relief is produced by the sa-ca/led physio/agica/ scale of colours proposed by Carl Peucker: a vague b/;,1ish grey-green seems more distonc than o bright red, and a certain shade of ye/law seems to lie becwee~ the two. This physiologico/ c~lou~ scale ovoids t~e commonly ysed bright green for indicating low oltitudes, which gives the impression thot low alt,tu_des ore always connected with mtense vegetat,on, whereas 1n fact there are several low altitude desert plains.) 97 

Future Books: Industry, Government, Science, Arts, Vol. I Overture

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Future Books: Industry, Government, Science, Arts, Vol. I Overture

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