Gee, Michelle L

English

University of Northern Colorado

University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC 2021 Graduate Presentations Research Day 2021 2021 Influencers on the Choice of Nursing as a Career in Underrepresented Populations: An Integrative Review Michelle L. Gee Follow this and additional works at: https://digscholarship.unco.edu/grad_pres_2021 Recommended Citation Gee, Michelle L., "Influencers on the Choice of Nursing as a Career in Underrepresented Populations: An Integrative Review" (2021). 2021 Graduate Presentations. 15. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/grad_pres_2021/15 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Day 2021 at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2021 Graduate Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact Jane.Monson@unco.edu. The importance of diversity in the nursing workforce lies in the relationship betweenincreased diversity of nurses and the provision of culturally competent nursing care.Nursing care must address health needs of minority populations that experiencesignificant health disparities in the United States. Despite this importance, nursingcontinues to lack representation of the population that it serves. In developing strategiesto combat this issue, it is important to consider what influences members ofunderrepresented populations to choose or disregard nursing as a career. This integrativeliterature review analyzes the current literature to gain insight regarding motivations anddeterrents that affect nursing as the career choice of underrepresented populations. Toconduct this integrative literature review, electronic databases consulted include CINHAL,ERIC, PsychINFO, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCOHost. Keywords used wererelated to racial/ethnic minorities, gender/sexuality minorities, disability status, and thenursing profession. Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. Motivations to become a nurseincluded altruism, interactions with nurses, socioeconomic opportunities, positive socialnetwork influence, and desire to represent culture/community. Deterrents included lack ofsocial status (including autonomy, power, respect, and professional status), pay, negativesocial network influence, physical/emotional aspects, perceived difficulty of nursingschool, and sociocultural influences. This integrated literature review highlights theimportance of representation in nursing as a diverse and high-status career, as well as theneed for research on invisible minorities and their views on nursing as a profession.ABSTRACT INTEGRATIVE REVIEW RESULTSINTRODUCTIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / REFERENCESDISCUSSIONInfluencers on the Choice of Nursing as a Career inUnderrepresented Populations: An Integrative ReviewMichelle L. Gee, MSN, RN   - PhD in Nursing Education CandidateMOTIVATIONAL INFLUENCES DETERRENTSSource LOEDemo-graphicsAltruismPositive Nurse InteractionSocioeconomic OpportunitiesSocial Network InfluenceRepresentation of Culture / CommunityLack of Social StatusPhysical / Emotional AspectsPerception of Difficulty of SchoolSociocultural InfluencesAlexander & Diefenbeck (2020)VI AA X X XAskew (1994) IV AA, NA, H, A, W - - - - - X X XBagley (2019) VI AA, NA, H X X X X XBrooks et al. (2013) IV AA, H, O X - - - -Degazon et al. (2015) IV AA, NA, H, A X X X XDegazon & Shaw (2007)IV AA, H, A, W, O X X XDubas (2020) VI T X X XHarrigan et al. (2003) VI NH, S, F X X X X X X XKatz (2007) III NA X XKatz et al. (2011) VI NA X X X X X XKelly et al. (2017) VI AA, H X X XLaRocco (2008) VI M X X X X X XMcGee et al. (2019) VI AA, L X X X X X XO’Lynn et al. (2020) VI M X X X XOrtiz-Moraels (2010) IV H X X X X - - - -Owens (2011) IV AA X X X X XReiskin & Haussler (1994)IV AA, L, A, W, O X XStevens (2004) VI AA X X X X X - - - -Williams (2012) VI H, L - - - - - X X X XWoods-Giscombe et al. (2020)VI U X X XMETHODOLOGYKey: AA = African American, NA = Native American, H = Hispanic, L = Latino, A = Asian, W = White, O = Other, NH = Native Hawaiian, S = Samoan, F = Filipino, M = Male, T = Trans,  U = Unknown .                  - = this area was not reported in this study  LOE determined using Gray et al. Levels of Evidence process.• Altruism is the dominant motivational factor for deciding to become a nurse, followed closely by socialnetwork influence (friends/family suggesting to become a nurse), perception of upward socioeconomicmovement, and desire to represent their culture and community.• Positive interactions with nurses was moderately influential, leading to questions regarding negativeinteractions with nursing, or no interaction with nursing because of lack of access to care.• The major deterrent reported was the perception of nursing as a career of low social status, including lackof autonomy, power, respect, professional status, and pay. This may imply that minority populations seekroles that they perceive have high social status, of which nursing is not included.• Sociocultural influences that detract from nursing as an ideal career include feelings of isolation (norepresentation of themselves in nursing), nursing as a largely female-gendered role, nursing onlypracticing Western-style medicine, perceived inability to leave home for college, and nursing not deemedsuitable by social network.• Some find both nursing as a career and nursing school difficult to deal with, including factors such as longhours, difficult / stressful / laborious work, and dealing with the sick/dying.• Of the 20 studies, the two studies that sampled men were the only studies to report sexuality.• Representation within nursing provided both motivational and nonmotivational factors in the decision tobecome a nurse, highlighting the importance of positive representation in nursing as a powerful, high-status career.• Invisible populations, such as those that identify as having a disability, gender and sexual minorities, andracial identities who must choose “white” or “other” are overwhelming underreported and require futureresearch to explore these population’s perception of nursing.0 2 4 6 8 10 12 141MOTIVATIONAL INFLUENCESAltruism Social Network InfluenceSocioeconomic Opportunities Representation of Culture / CommunityPositive Nurse Interaction0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14DETERRENTSLack of Social Status Sociocultural InfluencesPhysical / Emotional Aspects Perception of Difficulty of School• There is a relationship between the diversity of nurses andthe provision of competent care that addresses theindividual and cultural health needs of patient populationsin the United States (AACN, 2019; NLN, 2016; Phillips &Malone, 2014).• The nursing workforce currently identifies aspredominately white and female (NCSBN, 2017), with nostatistics regarding non-binary gender identities, sexuality,or disability status.• Efforts are underway to diversify the nursing workforce,including assessment of barriers for acceptance intonursing schools and successful completion of the NCLEX(Loftin et al., 2013; Murray et al., 2016).• One important aspect regarding recruitment ofunderrepresented populations is the perceptions ofnursing as either an ideal or undesirable career.• The purpose of this integrative review is to explore whatfactors have been reported in underrepresentedpopulations in either choosing or rejecting nursing as acareer.• An integrative review strategy was chosen to synthesizepublished research of both quantitative and qualitativemethods to investigate the phenomenon of choice ofnursing as a career (Schmidt & Brown, 2019).• Grey literature was included to help represent populationsnot included in mainstream journals.• Databases: CINHAL, ERIC, PsychINFO, Science Direct,PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOHost• Inclusion Criteria: research conducted with populations inthe United States; underrepresented populations (non-white, non-female, non-binary) as the dominant reporteddemographic; English language.• 1879 records screened, 20 included in review.Thank you to Kathleen Dunemn for sponsoring this work. A complete reference list is available as a separate handout. 

Influencers on the Choice of Nursing as a Career in Underrepresented Populations: An Integrative Review

https://digscholarship.unco.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=grad_pres_2021

Influencers on the Choice of Nursing as a Career in Underrepresented Populations: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Northern Colorado