This paper presents actual public transport problems in Czech Republic. In all public transport systems the strong passenger decline occurs during the observed time. That means the passenger choose another transport mode and mainly car. It is important to deal with public transport with the aim to ensure a competitive one, because from the society point of view public transport represents the lowest cost and environment friendly transport system

Ivana OLIVKOVÁ

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TRANSPORT PROBLEMS                                                                                                               2008 PROBLEMY TRANSPORTU                                                                                          Tom 3 Zeszyt 3     Ivana OLIVKOVÁ Technical university of Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Transport 17.listopadu 15, 708 33  Ostrava – Poruba, Czech Republic  Corresponding author. E-mail: ivana.olivkova@vsb.cz     PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN CZECH REPUBLIC  Summary. This paper presents actual public transport problems in Czech Republic. In all public transport systems the strong passenger decline occurs during the observed time. That means the passenger choose another transport mode and mainly car. It is important to deal with public transport with the aim to ensure a competitive one, because from the society point of view public transport represents the lowest cost and environment friendly transport system.    PUBLICZNY ZBIOROWY TRANSPORT OSOBOWY W REPUBLICE CZESKIEJ  Streszczenie. Artykuł się zajmuje aktualną problematyką w publicznym zbiorowym transporcie  osobowym  w  Republice  Czeskiej.  We  wszystkich  systemach  publicznego zbiorowego  transportu  osobowego  dochodzi  w  ciągu  rozwaŜanego  okresu  czasu  do znacznego obniŜenia ilości przewiezionych osób. To znaczy, Ŝe potencjalny klient co raz to częściej wybiera inny sposób transportu, zwłaszcza samochód. Dlatego jest bardzo waŜne  zajmować  się  zbiorowym  transportem  osobowym  w  celu  zabezpieczenia  jej zdolnoći do konkurencji, dlatego z punktu widzenia społeczności przedstawia najmniej kosztowny i zarazem ekologiczny system transportu osób.   1. INTRODUCTION  The increasing complexity of mobility not only in urban areas but also in long-distance journeys results  in  widespread  congestion,  economic  and  environmental  problems  like  high  energy consumption, high level of pollution, and more time spent on travelling and in consequence leads to dissatisfied  users  and  passengers.  This  situation  leads  more  users  to  leave  public  transport  and collective modes, to use their own private vehicles for door-to-door travel, increasing the problem. The collective transport modes need less energy (passenger/km), less space in the infrastructure, have lower pollution emissions and are more effective than the private car. So, the way to correct the public transport disfunction indicated above is to make the public transport mode a more attractive alternative to the car. A system, which fails to recognise and meet the needs of both current users and future users, will simply not achieve its full potential. Even worse, the system may eventually fail and retreat into decline. A successful public transport system must be based upon the needs of those who use and operate it. To be more successful, it must attract more new users, and satisfy theirs requirements. Considering the velocity, capacity and size of each mode of public transport, its objective is to give similar or equal comfort and standard as the private means of transport. 54                                                                                                                                              I. Olivková  2. THE REGULAR BUS TRANSPORT IN CZECH REPUBLIC  According  to  Law  Nr.  111/1994  about  road  transport,  the  carrier  can  operate  a  regular  bus transport only based on licence, which is granted for each link. The licence holders are bus transport companies and also minor share have the small carriers.  2.1. The present status of regular bus transport in Czech Republic  The bus transport companies operate also the city transport excepting 24 towns, where the city transport is operating by the own town company. The bus transport has the major share with 75% in the public transport service supply in Czech Republic. The state, respectively regions have an interest in further development of public transport for the reason of its strategic importance for other national economy branches and also for the reason of saving the environment against the increase of individual motoring. Since 1.1.2000 the responsibilities of regional bus transport (the length of regional bus link to 100 km) moved to regional governments, so also the price in regional bus transport is regulated by the regional government price assessment. The regional governments for the reason of price regulation and responsibility for public transport service sign the contract of public transport service in public interest and they also pay for provable loss from their own budget.  2.2. The trend of regular bus transport and city transport in Czech Republic  The public interest in public transport (go out EU approach) we understand to providing of basic transport inhabitants needs, mainly transport to jobs, schools, health centres, offices, courts and also to supply transport for cultural, sport, social and religious inhabitants needs. These inhabitant needs are realized mainly to 100 km distance by regional bus and railway transport. According to data from Statistic Office of Czech republic from year 2007, the public transport is still facing the decrease of the number of passengers. Tab.1 shows this trend during years 1998-2007.  Tab. 1 The trend of passenger number and realized volume during years 1998-2007  Indicator  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007 Passenger in bus transport (mil.pass.) 439,7  431,1  423,7  415,9  387,4  397,8  402,0  370,5  362,0  346,6 Volume in bus transport (mil.passkm) 6364  6342   6632  7645  7369  6742  6598  6764  7139  7084 Passenger in railway trans. (mil.pass.) 182,9  177,0  184,7  190,7  177,2  174,2  180,9  180,3  183,0  184,1 Volume in railway trans. (mil.passkm) 7018  6954   7300  7299  6597  6518  6589  6667  6922  6898 Where: mil.pass. – million passengers, mil.passkm – million passengerkilometer Source: Statistic Office Czech republic  Public transport in Czech Republic                                                                                                        55  The passenger decline in 2007 (see tab.2) in comparison with year 1998 represents 21,2 %, in comparison  with  passenger  volume  from  year  1998  (see  Fig.1),  it  represents  the  decline  of  93,1 million passenger.  Tab. 2 The regular bus transport passenger decline trend in relationship to year 1998 in million passengers Indicator  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007 Passenger decline  to year 1998 0  8,6  16,0  23,8  52,3  41,9  37,7  69,2  77,7  93,1 Decline in % to year 1998  0,0%  2,0%  3,6%  5,4%  11,9%  9,5%  8,6%  15,7%  17,7%  21,2%  -100-500501001502002503003504004505001998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007million passenger100 %98 %96,4 %94,6 %88,1 %90,5 %91,4 %84,3 %82,3 %78,8 %0,0 %2,0 %3,6 %5,4 %11,9%9,5 %8,6 %15,7%17,7%21,2% Fig. 1. The regular bus transport passenger number in years 1998-2007 and comparison of this volume with volume in 1998 Rys. 1. Liczba pasaŜerów w przewozach autobusowych w latach 1988-2007 i jej porównanie w stosunku do roku 1998  3. CITY MASS TRANSPORT IN CZECH REPUBLIC  At  present  the  city  mass  transport  in  24  cities  of  Czech  Republic  ensure  the  bus  transport companies. Independent transport companies ensure the transport in 19 cities.  3.1. The trend of city mass transport  Outputs  development  of  city  mass  transport  is  possible  to  appreciate  in  two terms.  The  first method  of  city  mass  transport  (CMT)  output  designation  is  through  determination  of  passenger number and realized volume during years 1998-2007. The second method rests in designation of drive output of vehicles ensuring CMT. 56                                                                                                                                              I. Olivková  Tab.3 shows the trend of passenger number and realized volume in CMT during years 1998-2007. According to data from Statistic Office of Czech republic from year 2007, the city mass transport is still facing with the decrease of the number passenger. Between 1998-2007 the passenger number decreasing from 2 341,7 million passengers/year to 2 258,3 million passengers/year although in 1999 and 2001  occurred passenger number increase.  Tab. 3 The trend of passenger number and realized volume during years 1998-2007  Indicator  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007 Passenger in city mass trans.  (mil. pass.) 2341,7  2425,2  2309,8  2365,5  2338,7  2302,2  2309,6  2268,9  2238,0  2258,3 Volume in city mass trans. (mil.passkm)) 14547  14949  14967  15209  15170  15540  15427  14935  14313  14353 Where: mil.pass. – million passengers, mil.passkm - million passengerkilometer Source: Statistic Office Czech republic  The passenger decline in 2007 (see tab.4) in comparison with year 1998 represents 3,6 %, in comparison  with  passenger  volume  from  year  1998  (see  Fig.2),  it  represents  the  decline  of  83,4 million passenger. Greatest outputs decreasing occurred in 2006 when was a decrease of about 103,7 million passenger/year. Tab.4 The city mass transport passenger decline trend in relationship to year 1998 in mil. passengers  Indicator  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007 Passenger decline  to year 1998 0  - 83,5  31,9  - 23,8  3,0  39,5  32,1  72,8  103,7  83,4 Decline in % to year 1998  0,0%  -3,6%  1,4%  -1,0%  0,1 %  1,7%  1,4%  3,1%  4,4%  3,6%  3.2. The structure of seat-kilometres offered by city mass transport  The structure of seat-kilometres offered by CMT in view of used vehicle, introduced in the text is elaborated for transport enterprises besides that bus transport operate also the trolleybus and tramway transport (in Prague metro too). Seat-kilometres offered by CMT in Děčín and Karlovy Vary are ensured exclusively by the bus transport. In other cities in Czech Republic are ensured outputs of CMT only by bus transport companies. The structure of drive outputs in transport enterprises is presented in Table 5. 46,7 per cent of drive output is realized through bus transport, 42,7 per cent through tramway transport and 10,7 per cent of drive output is realized through trolleybus transport mode. It is necessary to note, that with increasing citizens number the CMT gets a bigger sense. Comparing the CMT realized by transport enterprises in other cities of Czech Republic the drive output of vehicles is lower than the drive output realised by transport enterprises in Prague, where the transport vehicles including the metro realize higher output than transport vehicles in other cities. Public transport in Czech Republic                                                                                                        57  millionpassengers98,6%103,6%101,0%99,9%98,3%98,6%96,9%95,6%96,4%-3,6%1,4%-1,0%0,1%1,7%1,4%3,1%4,4%3,6%100,0%0,0% Fig. 2 The city mass transport passenger number in years 1998-2007 and comparison of this volume with volume in 1998 Rys. .2. Liczba pasaŜerów w przewozach transportem miejskim w latach 1988-2007 i jej porównanie w stosunku do roku 1998 Tab. 5 The structure of seat-kilometres offered in transport companies in 2006 Transport company  Seat-kilometres offered (million) Tramways Seat-kilometres offered (million) Trolleybuses  Seat-kilometres offered (million) Buses  Seat-kilometres offered (million) Brno  4197,7  2317 ,1  55,2 %  461,3  11,0 %  1419,3  33,8 % Č. Budějovice  601,0        275,3  45,8 %  325,7  54,2 % Děčín  298, 9            298,9  100,0 % Hradec Králové  493, 6       149,5   30,3 %  344,2  69,7 % Chomutov  303,0       150,5  49,7 %  152,5  50,3 % Jihlava  195,8       99,8  32,9 %  96,0  31,7 % Karlovy Vary  207,2            207,2  100,0 % Liberec  569,9  245,9  43,1 %       324,0  56,9 % Mariánské Lázně  30,9       16,2  52,4 %  14,7  47,6 % Most-Litvínov  583,0  193,2  33,1 %       389,8  66,9 % Olomouc  558,3  253,7  45,4 %       304,6  54,6 % Opava  237,0       74,5  31,4 %  162,5  68,6 % Ostrava  3587,4   1791,4  49,9 %  243,5  6,8 %  1552,6  43,3 % Pardubice  474,5       155,0  32,7 %  319,5  67,3 % Plzeň  1360,6  638,7  46,9 %  297,9  21,9 %  424,0  31,2 % Prague  11016,6  5769,3  52,4 %       5247,3  47,6 % Teplice  330,9       133,2  40,3 %  197,7  59,7 % Ústí nad Labem  752,8       410,6  54,5 %  342,2  45,5 % Zlín-Otrokovice  464,6       335,1  72,1 %  129,6  27,9 % Summary  26263,8  11209,3  42,7 %  2802,2  10,7 %  12252,2  46,7 % Prague-METRO  8740,4             Summary incl. METRO  35004,2             58                                                                                                                                              I. Olivková  4. CONCLUSIONS  The  key  to  reduce  a  large  number  of  the  current  problems  in  transport  is  to  encourage  the passengers to travel by collective transport modes and leaving the private car use. To achieve this target it is necessary to make the public transport more attractive than the private car and the way to get it is: •   To make the public transport system more efficient, •   Allowing a larger number combination journeys, and so increasing possible users, •   Reducing the time spent in travel, •   Reducing the cost of travel, •   To promote and marketing the public transport system benefits.  For introducing a more competitive public transport than individual car transport and for relevant level  quality  providing  for  passengers,  is  necessary  to  determine  relations  which  could  ensure  a documentary loss covering for the public transport and transporters also which could ensure minimal present level of transport service of city with progressive basis for integrated transport systems in the frame of region building.   Bibliography  1.  Olivková I.: Quality Transfering Improvement for ITS. 9, Mezinárodní Konference MOBILITA '04. Bratislava, 2004, p. 161-166. 2.  Surovec P., Olivková I., Křivda V.: Economy of passenger transport service in regions. "Polski transport w europejskiej przestrzeni gospodarczej", Praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Aliny Lipińskiej-Słota, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej im. Karola Adamieckiego w Katowicach, Katowice 2005, p.179-187. 3.  Ročenka dopravy 2007. Statistický úřad České republiky, Prague, 2008.   Received 12.01.2008; accepted in revised form 17.09.2008  

Public transport in Czech Republic

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