Simultaneously with the transformation in the energy system, the spot and
ancillary service markets for electricity have become increasingly flexible
with shorter service periods and lower minimum powers. This flexibility has
made the fastest form of frequency regulation - the frequency containment
reserve (FCR) - particularly attractive for large-scale battery storage systems
(BSSs) and led to a market growth of these systems. However, this growth
resulted in high competition and consequently falling FCR prices, making the
FCR market increasingly unattractive to large-scale BSSs. In the context of
multi-use concepts, this market may be interesting especially for a pool of
electric vehicles (EVs), which can generate additional revenue during their
idle times. In this paper, multi-year measurement data of 22 commercial EVs are
used for the development of a simulation model for marketing FCR. In addition,
logbooks of more than 460 vehicles of different economic sectors are evaluated.
Based on the simulations, the effects of flexibilization on the marketing of a
pool of EVs are analyzed for the example of the German FCR market design, which
is valid for many countries in Europe. It is shown that depending on the
sector, especially the recently made changes of service periods from one week
to one day and from one day to four hours generate the largest increase in
available pool power. Further reductions in service periods, on the other hand,
offer only a small advantage, as the idle times are often longer than the short
service periods. In principle, increasing flexibility overcompensates for
falling FCR prices and leads to higher revenues, even if this does not apply
across all sectors examined. A pool of 1,000 EVs could theoretically generate
revenues of about 5,000 EUR - 8,000 EUR per week on the German FCR market in
2020.Comment: Preprint, 23 pages, 21 figures, 10 table