The diversity of the natural habitats specific to Neagra Broşteni hydrographical basin have favoured installation of two different types of pine phytocoenoses. Although both of these plants communities are characteristic to acid substrata, one is specific to oligotrophic peat - bogs (Oxycocco – Sphagnetea) and the other to mountain versants presenting acidophilous soils and accentuated slopes (Vaccinio – Piceetea). These vegetal associations are presented in phytosociological tables and analysed in this paper from the bioforms, floristic elements and ecological requests perspectives

MARDARI CONSTANTIN

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MARDARI CONSTANTIN   105 J. Plant Develop. 15 (2008): 105–110   VEGETAL ASSOCIATIONS EDIFIED BY PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.  IN NEAGRA BRO￿TENILOR HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN  MARDARI CONSTANTIN *  Abstract:   The diversity of the natural habitats specific to Neagra Bro￿teni hydrographical basin have favoured installation of two different types of pine phytocoenoses. Although both of these plants communities are  characteristic  to  acid  substrata,  one  is  specific  to  oligotrophic  peat  -  bogs  (Oxycocco  – Sphagnetea) and the other to mountain versants presenting acidophilous soils and accentuated slopes (Vaccinio  –  Piceetea).  These  vegetal  associations  are  presented  in  phytosociological  tables  and analysed in this paper from the bioforms, floristic elements and ecological requests perspectives.  Key words:   vegetal associations, Pinus sylvestris, Neagra Bro￿tenilor.   Introduction  Plant  communities  edified  by  Pinus  sylvestris  are  recognized  for  their  high conservative value, their floristic composition including a lot of relict species. Due to the fact  that  speciality  literature  [5], [7],  [11]  presented  few  information  about  the  natural distribution of this species in our research territory we have realized an phytosociological study  in  2007  summer  that  had  as  result  the  identification  of  two  types  of  pine phytocoenoses in Neagra Bro￿teni river basin: Vaccinio – Pinetum sylvestris Kleist 1929 (Erioporo vaginati – Pinetum sylvestris Hueck 1931) in Dr￿goiasa village and Leucobryo – Pinetum sylvestris  Matuszkiewicz  1962  betuletosum  pendulae  (Burduja  et  Stefan  1982) Coldea 1991 in Ortoaia and Negri￿oara valleys.     Material and method  The phytosociological study has been made using the classic methods specific to Central Europe Phytosociological School. The pine phytocoenoses have been characterized through phytocoenological relevées used as sampling method in field. Each vegetal species has been quantified using Braun – Blanquet scale (presenting the abundance – dominance indices from + to 5).  Phytosociological relevées have been ordered and grouped in vegetal associations on the basis of characteristic, differential and dominant species [1], [4], [9], [10]. The biological forms and floristic elements for each species are those that have been given by V. Ciocarlan [2] and the values for ecological indices (L–light, T–temperature, U–humidity, R–soil pH) have been established by H. Ellenberg [6].  Results and discussion     According to speciality literature [1], [3], [4], [7], [8] these two plant communities are subordinated to the next superior coenotaxa: OXYCOCCO – SPHAGNETEA Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 1946   SPHAGNETALIA MEDII Kästner et Flössner 1933                                                  * University “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iasi, Botanical Garden “Anastasie F￿tu”  VEGETAL ASSOCIATIONS EDIFIED BY PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. IN NEAGRA BRO￿TENILOR …   106     Sphagnion medii Kästner et Flössner 1933 Vaccinio – Pinetum sylvestris Kleist 1929 (Erioporo vaginati – Pinetum sylvestris Hueck 1931)   VACCINIO – PICEETEA Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939   PICEETALIA EXCELSAE Pawlowski in Pawlowski et al. 1928     Dicrano – Pinion (Libbert 1932) Matuszkiewicz 1962  Leucobryo  –  Pinetum  sylvestris  Matuszkiewicz  1962  betuletosum  pendulae  (Burduja  et Stefan 1982) Coldea 1991  1. Ass. Vaccinio – Pinetum sylvestris Kleist 1929 (Erioporo vaginati – Pinetum sylvestris Hueck 1931) association (Table 1) has been identified only in Dragoiasa village on  a  limited  area  (approximate  1,5  ha).  It  includes  pine  phytocoenoses  vegetating  in oligotrophic peat bogs at 1060 m altitude, presenting Pinus sylvestris as arboreal edifying species and Eriophorum vaginatum as herbaceous characteristic species. The trees stratum is dominated by Pinus sylvestris that is accompanied by Picea abies, Sorbus aucuparia, Betula alba ssp. glutinosa or Betula pendula, species realizing an average covering degree between 50% and 70%. The shrubs stratum covering varies from 10 to 40%, significant abundance – dominance indices presenting Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea species while in the herbs stratum Eriophorum vaginatum dominates (up to 60%). Besides the characteristic species to the association, to Sphagnion and Sphagnetalia alliance and order  (Drosera  rotundifolia)  and  Oxycocco-Sphagnetea  vegetation  class  (Andromeda polifolia, Oxycoccus palustris), in the studied area are also present species from Vaccinio-Piceetea  (Sorbus  aucuparia,  Vaccinium  myrtillus,  Picea  abies).  The  floristic  elements spectrum  (Fig.  2)  presents  the  preponderance  of  the  circumpolar  (44%)  and  Eurasiatic (31%) elements followed by the central European (13%), cosmopolite (6%) and endemic (6%)  elements.  The  bio-forms  spectrum  (Fig.  1)  reveals  the  prevalence  of  the hemicryptophytes  species  (44%)  followed  by  the  phanerophytes  species  (31%)  and chamaephytes species (25%). Ecological indices spectrum (Fig. 3) points out the fact that in this  vegetal  association  structure  prevails  the  indifferent  species  to  humidity  (44%), temperature (69%) and soil reaction (56%) followed by the species preferring wet (25%) and very acid (19%) soils and characteristic to cold mountains areas (19%).      Table 1 No. of relevé  1  2  3  4  5 Plot area (m2)  400  400  400  400  400 Altitude (m)  1060  1060  1060  1060  1060 Aspect   -  -  -  -  - Slope (º)  -  -  -  -  - Tree stratum covering (%)  60  65  50  60  70 Shrubs  and  regeneration stratum covering (%) 30  35  40  30  10 Floristic element  Bioform  Herbs stratum covering (%)  25  30  60  25  10      K Car. ass. Euras.   Ph.  Pinus sylvestris   3  4  3  3  4  V Euras.   Ph.  Pinus sylvestris juv.  +  +  1  -  -  III Circ.   H.  Eriophorum vaginatum   2  3  4  2  1  V Sphagnion et Sphagnetalia medii Circ.   H.  Drosera rotundifolia   +  -  -  -  -  I Oxycocco – Sphagnetea Circ.   Ch.  Andromeda polifolia   +  +  -  +  -  III Circ.   Ch.  Oxycoccus palustris   1  +  +  +  +  V MARDARI CONSTANTIN   107 Vaccinio – Piceetea Eur. centr.  Ph.  Picea abies   1  +  +  1  -  IV Eur. centr.   Ph.  Picea abies juv.  +  -  +  +  -  III Circ.   Ch.  Vaccinium myrtillus   2  3  3  2  1  V Circ.   Ch.  Vaccinium vitis-idaea   +  +  1  +  1  V Eur. centr.  Ph.  Sorbus aucuparia   -  -  -  -  +  I Aliae Euras.   H.  Potentilla erecta   +  -  +  +  -  III End. carp.  Ph.  Betula alba ssp. glutinosa   +  +  -  +  -  III End. carp.  Ph.  Betula alba ssp. glutinosa juv.  -  +  -  -  -  I Euras.   Ph.  Betula pendula   -  -  +  -  -  I Cosm.   H.  Deschampsia caespitosa   -  -  -  +  -  I Euras.   H.  Molinia caerulea   -  -  -  +  -  I Circ.   H.  Stellaria longifolia   -  -  -  +  -  I Euras.   H.  Succisa pratensis   -  -  -  -  +  I Place and date of relevées: rel. 1-5: Dr￿goiasa (29. 07.2007)   Euras. 31%Circ.44%Eur. centr.13%End. carp.6%Cosm.6%Ph.31%H.44%Ch. 25%Fig. 1. Bioforms spectrum  ass. Vaccinio – Pinetum sylvestris Fig. 2. Floristic elements spectrum ass. Vaccinio – Pinetum sylvestris 024681012x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9UTRFig. 3. Ecological indices spectrum – ass. Vaccinio – Pinetum sylvestris VEGETAL ASSOCIATIONS EDIFIED BY PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. IN NEAGRA BRO￿TENILOR …   108 2. Ass. Leucobryo – Pinetum sylvestris Matuszkiewicz 1962 betuletosum pendulae (Burduja  et  Stefan  1982)  Coldea  1991  sub-association  (Table  2)  includes  pine phytocoenoses, sporadically  spread in the  researched area, covering  mountains  versants presenting generally northern aspects and accentuate slopes (up to 50°), between 850 and 1020 m altitude, on siliceous rocks. The trees stratum is dominated by Pinus sylvestris, species that realize an average covering degree of 50-65% and Betula pendula, species characterized by an average covering degree up to 20%. In some phytocoenosis, Picea abies (spruce fir) is present  (without  becoming co-dominant or sub-dominant) and also Fagus sylvatica, Sorbus aucuparia, Acer pseudoplatanus can be present. Shrubs stratum flora  is  rich  in  plants  species,  significant  abundance  –  dominance  indices  presenting Vaccinium  myrtillus,  Vaccinium  vitis  -  idaea  etc,  while  in  the  herbs  stratum  Oxalis acetosella, Hieracium transsilvanicum, Campanula abietina, Orthilia secunda and other species  are  present.  Besides  the  characteristic  species  to  the  association,  to  Dicrano  – Pinion alliance (Chamaecytisus hirsutus, Veronica officinalis etc.), Piceetalia order (Luzula luzuloides, Calamagrostis arundinacea) and Vaccinio – Piceetea vegetation class (Oxalis acetosella,  Campanula  abietina,  Sorbus  aucuparia  etc.),  in  the  studied  areas  are  also present representative species to Asplenietea trichomanis (Sedum maximum, Polypodium vulgare,  Silene  nutans  ssp.  dubia,  Valeriana  tripteris)  and  Querco  –  Fagetea  classes (Spiraea  chamaedryfolia,  Fagus  sylvatica,  Maianthemum  bifolium,  Euphorbia amygdaloides, Veronica urticifolia, Lonicera xylosteum etc.). The bio-forms spectrum (Fig. 4)  is  dominated  by  hemicryptophyte  species  (49%)  followed  by  phanerohyte  (31%), chamaephyte  (14%)  and  geophyte  (6%)  species.  Floristic  elements  spectrum  (Fig.  5) presents  the  preponderance  of  the  eurasiatic  (33%),  central  European  (29%)  and circumpolar (26%) species. Reduced proportions presents the European (3%), Carpathian – Balkan (3%) and endemic elements (6%). Ecological indices spectrum (Fig. 6) reveals that in  this  vegetal  association  composition  prevails  the  species  preferring  moderate  moist (42%),  and  acid  or  moderate  acid  soils  (22%).  Most  of  the  component  species  are eurythermic (62%).    Table 2 No. of relevé  1  2  3  4  5 Plot area (m2)  1000  1000  1000  1000  1000 Altitude (m)  850  900  800  950  1020 Aspect   NV  N  N  NE  SE Slope (º)  40  35  45  25  40 Tree stratum covering (%)  60  65  55  60  65 Shrubs  and  regeneration stratum covering (%) 45  30  50  20  15 Floristic element  Bioform  Herbs stratum covering (%)  10  15  15  10  20      K Car. ass. Euras.   Ph.  Pinus sylvestris   3  4  3  3  4  V Dif. subass. Euras.   Ph.  Betula pendula   1  +  +  1  1  V Euras.   Ph.  Betula pendula juv.  +  +  -  -  +  III Dicrano – Pinion Eur. centr.   Ph.  Chamaecytisus hirsutus   1  +  +  -  +  IV Euras.   Ch.  Veronica officinalis   +  +  +  +  -  IV Euras.   H.  Pyrola media   -  +  -  -  -  I Piceetalia excelsae Eur. centr.   H.  Luzula luzuloides   +  +  -  +  -  III Euras.   H.  Calamagrostis arundinacea   +  +  +  -  +  IV MARDARI CONSTANTIN   109 Vaccinio – Piceetea Circ.   Ch.  Vaccinium myrtillus   3  2  3  1  1  V Circ.   Ch.  Vaccinium vitis-idaea   +  +  +  +  1  V Eur. centr.  Ph.  Sorbus aucuparia   +  +  -  +  +  IV Eur. centr.  Ph.  Picea abies   +  -  +  +  -  III Circ.   H.  Oxalis acetosella   +  +  +  +  1  V Eur. centr.   H.  Abies alba   -  +  +  -  -  II Circ.   Ch.  Orthilia secunda   -  +  -  +  -  II Carp.-balc.  H.  Campanula abietina   -  +  -  -  +  II Asplenietea trichomanis Eur.   H.  Sedum maximum   +  +  -   +  +  IV Circ.   G.  Polypodium vulgare   +  -  +  +  -  III End. carp.   H.  Silene nutans ssp. dubia   +  -  +  -  -  II Eur. centr.   H.  Valeriana tripteris   -  +  +  -  +  III Querco – Fagetea Euras.   Ph.  Spiraea chamaedryfolia   +  +  -  -  +  III Eur. centr.  Ph.  Fagus sylvatica   +  +  +  -  -  III Euras.   G.  Maianthemum bifolium   +  +  -  -  +  III Circ.   H.  Poa nemoralis   -  +  +  +  +  IV Eur. centr.   H.  Veronica urticifolia   -  -  +  +  +  III Eur. centr.   Ch.  Euphorbia amygdaloides   -  -  +  +  -  II Euras.   Ph.  Lonicera xylosteum  -  -  -  -  +  I Aliae  End. carp.  H.  Dianthus tenuifolius   +  -  +  +  -  III Circ.   H.  Solidago virgaurea   +  -  +  -  -  II Euras.   H.  Salvia glutinosa   +  +  +  -  +  IV Eur. centr.   H.  Gentiana asclepiadea   -  +  +  -  +  III Euras.   H.  Fragaria vesca   -  +  -  -  +  II Circ.   Ph.  Rubus idaeus   -  -  +  -  +  II Euras.   H.  Origanum vulgare   -  -  -  +  -  I Circ.   Ph.  Sambucus racemosa   -  -  +  -  +  II Euras.   H.  Senecio ovatus   -  -  -  -  +  I Eur. centr.   H.  Cirsium erisithales   -  -  -  -  +  I Place and date of relevées: rel. 1,2: Neagra Brosteni (3.07.2007); rel. 3,4: Capraria rivulet (4.07.2007); rel. 5: Negrisoara rivulet (4.07.2007)    Ph. 31%Ch.14%H.49%G.6%Eur. centr.31%Euras. 32% Circ.25%Carp.-balc.3%Eur.  3%End. carp.6% Fig. 4. Bioforms spectrum subass. Leucobryo – Pinetum sylvestris betuletosum pendulae Fig. 5. Floristic elements spectrum subass. Leucobryo – Pinetum sylvestris betuletosum pendulae VEGETAL ASSOCIATIONS EDIFIED BY PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. IN NEAGRA BRO￿TENILOR …   110         0510152025x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8UTR    References  1.  CHIFU T., MÂNZU C., ZAMFIRESCU OANA, 2006 – Flora & Vegeta￿ia Moldovei (România), Ia￿i, Edit. Universit￿￿ii “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, II: 698 p. 2.  CIOCÂRLAN V., 2000 – Flora ilustrat￿ a României, Bucure￿ti, Edit. Ceres: 1138 p. 3.  COLDEA GH., 1991 – Prodrome des associations vegetales des Carpates du sud-est (Carpates Roumaines), Camerino, Documents phytosociologiques, XIII: 317-539. 4.  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VEGETAL ASSOCIATIONS EDIFIED BY PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. IN NEAGRA BROŞTENILOR HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN

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