The present paper studies the emergence of the notion of cosmopolitism in different moments in Hispano-American literature. Identifying its relationship with situations of massive displacements, the paper studies Cosmópolis (1908) by Argentinean writer Ricardo Rojas, as a starting point for comparative study involving other notions of cosmopolitism developed during the twentieth century. Relation between cosmopolitism and globalisationare discussed regarding the works Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño, and Cuban writer Ena Lucía Portela
