DARWIN Y LA DOMESTICACIÓN DE PLANTAS EN LAS AMÉRICAS: EL CASO DEL MAÍZ Y EL FRÍJOL

Abstract

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 </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">En este artículo se revisan los aportes que diversos autores, contemporáneos y posteriores a Darwin, han realizado al estudio del origen de las plantas domesticadas, en especial al tema del origen geográfico de los cultivos. Posteriormente se revisa cómo la evidencia arqueológica junto con la evidencia genética han ayudado a comprender el origen de tres de los cultivos americanos más antiguos e importantes en épocas precolombinas y en épocas actuales: el maíz, el fríjol común y el fríjol Lima. Estos cultivos presentan patrones contrastantes de domesticación, mientras el maíz es producto de un solo evento de domesticación, el fríjol común y el fríjol Lima son cada uno de ellos resultado de domesticaciones múltiples e independientes. Se discute la relevancia del fenómeno de las domesticaciones múltiples en nuestra comprensión del origen del síndrome de la domesticación y los aportes que la disciplina Evolución de Cultivos, junto con otras disciplinas, puede realizar para un mejor entendimiento de los procesos de adaptación en las poblaciones naturales y para acelerar el mejoramiento y la adopción de nuevos cultivos al servicio de la humanidad. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Palabras claves: arqueología, genética, domesticación, evolución de cultivos, fitogeografía</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%;" align="center"><strong><span lang="ES-TRAD">ABSTRACT</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB">In the present article, the main contributions that Darwin and other scholars, contemporary and posterior to h