A new species of Pseudosmittia Edwards 1932, P. fabioi, from Sardinia (Palearctic region), is described and figured as male and female. The generic diagnosis is emended based on characters found in the new species. The species is characterized by a triangular anal point with microtrichia at apex (not projecting beyond tergite IX), an inferior volsella characterized by a rounded lobe with a setose accessory lobe adpressed to the gonocoxite, a well developed tooth-like projection on the outer margin of the gonostylus, the lack of acrostichals and an antenna with 6 flagellomeres in female

A. Boggero

B. Rossaro

S. Zaupa

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research

English

AIR Universita degli studi di Milano

[Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892] [page 1]
Pseudosmittia fabioi n. sp., a new species from Sardinia(Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)A. Boggero,1 S. Zaupa,1 B. Rossaro21CNR-Institute of Ecosystem Study (ISE), Verbania Pallanza (VB); 2DeFENS Department of Food,Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Italy 
Abstract 
A new species of Pseudosmittia Edwards 1932, P. fabioi, from
Sardinia (Palearctic region), is described and figured as male and
female. The generic diagnosis is emended based on characters found
in the new species. The species is characterized by a triangular anal
point with microtrichia at apex (not projecting beyond tergite IX), an
inferior volsella characterized by a rounded lobe with a setose acces-
sory lobe adpressed to the gonocoxite, a well developed tooth-like pro-
jection on the outer margin of the gonostylus, the lack of acrostichals
and an antenna with 6 flagellomeres in female.
Introduction
The genus Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, was recently revised
(Ferrington & Sæther, 2011), the genus is one of the representatives
of the subfamily Orthocladiinae whose larvae are terrestrial or semi-
terrestrial (Strenzke, 1950). At present, 18 species belonging to the
genus Pseudosmittia are reported in the European Fauna (Sæther &
Spies, 2013: http://www.faunaeur.org/) and elsewhere in the Western
Palaearctic 5 species are known from Algeria (Moubayed et al., 2006b),
10 from Turkey (Caspers & Reiss, 1989) and 3 from Lebanon
(Moubayed et al., 2006a). Ashe & O’Connor (2012) listed 93 valid
species occurring worldwide but since then 5 more species have been
described including one from France (Langton, 2012), 3 from
Argentina (Mauad et al., 2013) and 1 from South Korea (Ree, 2012).
From the Russian Far East 13 species are known (Makarchenko &
Makarchenko, 2008). In the Oriental region 12 species are reported
(Sæther, 2006; Ashe & O’Connor, 2012), 17 species from the
Afrotropical (Freeman, 1956; Lehmann, 1979; Freeman & Cranston,
1980; Ashe & O’Connor, 2012); 26 species for the Neotropical (Spies &
Reiss, 1996; Andersen et al., 2010; Ashe & O’Connor, 2012; Mauad et
al., 2013), 18 species from the Nearctic, 13 from Australasia and 15
from Oceania (Ashe & O’Connor, 2012). Some species previously
included in Pseudosmittia have been transferred to other genera
including Hydrosmittia Ferrington & Sæther 2011, Lobosmittia Sæther
& Andersen, 1993 and Allocladius Kieffer, 1913 (Ferrington & Sæther,
2011). The new West Palaearctic species from Sardinia (Italy), collect-
ed near the shore of a reservoir, is here described and figured as adult
male and female. Pupa and larva of the new species are still unknown. 
Material and methods
Specimens were collected with a sweep net near the shore of the
Bidighinzu reservoir (Sardinia, Italy) and preserved in alcohol 70°.
Microscope slides were prepared by clearing specimens with 10% KOH
after separation of wings, followed by neutralization with glacial acetic
acid, dehydration in phenol: xylene (3:1) and mounted in Canada
Balsam after dissection of head, antennae, legs. Wings were mounted
without clearing. Male and female genitalia were dissected and mount-
ed in dorsal (male) and ventral (female) position. Morphological termi-
nology and measurement follow Sæther (1980); all measurements are in
mm, except total body and wing length, which are in mm, the values are
rounded off to the nearest 1 mm unless otherwise stated. The measure-
ments, taken by the corresponding author, were compared with other
descriptions (Ferrington & Sæther, 2011). The type material is deposit-
ed in the collection of the Department of Food, Environmental and
Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) in University of Milano (Italy).
MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype male: ITALY: Sardinia, Sassari,
Bidighinzu reservoir, 40º 33’ 24’’ N, 8º 39’ 44’’ W, 330 m a.s.l., maxi-
mum lake-depth 30 m, 7.II.2011, sweep netting along lake shore, 13
paratype males, same locality, 1 allotype and 1 female, same locality, S.
Zaupa legit. Water temperature of the lake was 8°C, pH 7.8, conductiv-
ity 411 mS cm–1 at 20°C. 
ETYMOLOGY. Named in memory of the grandbaby of the senior
author who died ten days after his birth.
Correspondence: Bruno Rossaro, DeFENS Department of Food,
Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2,
I 20133 Milano, Italy. E-mail: bruno.rossaro@unimi.it
Key words: Pseudosmittia, Orthocladiinae, Chironomidae, Sardinia,
Palaearctic region.
Acknowledgements: this study was partly funded by the EU (contract
LIFE08/ENV/IT/000413 Local hydro-morphology, habitat and RBMPs: new
measures to improve ecological quality in South European rivers and lakes -
INHABIT).
Received for publication: 20 August 2013.
Revision received: 25 September 2013.
Accepted for publication: 17 October 2013.
©Copyright A. Boggero et al., 2014
Licensee PAGEPress, Italy
Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892
doi:10.4081/jear.2014.1892
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution Noncommercial License (by-nc 3.0) which permits any noncom-
mercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the orig-
inal author(s) and source are credited.
Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2012; volume 44:eJournal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; volume 46:1892
[page 2] [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892]
Diagnostic characters
The males of the new species can be easily included in the genus
Pseudosmittia because of antenna without an apical seta, bare non-
extended non-protruding eyes; wings and squama without setae, costa
not extended, Cu1 sinuate, anal point not projecting beyond caudal mar-
gin of tergite IX. 
P. fabioi n. sp. can be separated from all the other known species of the
genus by the presence of a conspicuous tooth-like projection on the outer
margin of the gonostylus, presence of an inferior volsella characterized
by a spherical and transparent lobe, and an elongated - setose accessory
lobe. The absence of acrostichals is also characteristic of this species.
Other distinctive characters are: wing with a VR greater than one;
postcubitus without bifurcation; mid-scutum without additional tubercle,
hump or microtrichial tuft; male anal point placed forward on tergite IX,
appearing as a median longitudinal ridge bearing few strong marginal
setae, covered by a triangular plate with microtrichia on its surface,
reaching to apex; spiniform, short, pale median virga present; female
antenna with 6 flagellomeres, female genitalia with gonocoxite IX round-
ed; gonapophysis VIII divided into a small dorsomedian lobe, an apodeme
lobe and a large ventrolateral lobe; spermathecal duct with loops.Description 
The species fits well within the diagnosis of Pseudosmittia
(Cranston et al., 1989; Ferrington & Sæther, 2011) except for the
absence of acrostichals. Another important difference is the presence
of six antennal segments in the female antenna, instead of 5 as
described in Ferrington & Sæther (2011) in other Pseudosmittia
species, see Taxonomic remarks. 
MALE. Measurements based on holotype.
Total body length 2.3-2.6 mm, head wide 420-428, wing length 1.5-
1.7 mm.
COLORATION. Brownish black.
HEAD. Antenna (Figure 1) with 13 flagellomeres, without apical
seta, last flagellomere 368, AR=0.80-0.86, with 3-6 temporal setae (not
separable into inner/outer verticals or postorbitals), palpomere lengths:
23, 44.5, 92, 79, and 93.
THORAX. Antepronotum somewhat reduced, acrostichals absent,
five dorsocentrals arising in a large white spot, another four small
white spots (without setae) aligned with dorsocentrals: 4-8 scutellars
and 3 prealars present.
WING. Figure 2: 1.729 mm long in holotype, costa not extended
beyond R4+5, R2+3 at equal distance between R and R4+5, R4+5 proximal
with respect to M3+4, Cu1 sinuate, postcubitus not bifurcate projecting
well distal to FCu. VR=1.38. 
LEGS. Legs measurements are in Table 1. Spur of fore leg tibia 37
long, of mid leg 19 and 16, of hind leg 35 and 19. Spurs present on tar-
someres.
HYPOPYGIUM. Figure 3: anal point (Figure 4) present, placed ante-
riorly on tergite IX, not projecting beyond posterior margin, appearing
as a longitudinal ridge, which bears a few robust, lateral setae, covered
by a triangular plate rich in microtrichia reaching to apex; spiniform,
short, pale median virga, about 20 long (Figure 5) present.
Sternapodeme convex without anterior projections. Phallapodeme
short, curved (Figure 3), aedeagal lobe small; superior volsella absent;
inferior volsella (Figure 6) divided into two lobes, a principal lobe
spherical, transparent, with microtrichia on its surface, an accessory
lobe elongated, adpressed to gonocoxite, provided with setae.
Gonostylus (Figure 7) with a very prominent tooth-like projection on
the outer margin. 
Article
Figure 1. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Antenna. Measurements
in micron in all figures.
Figure 2. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Wing.
Table 1. Lengths (mean±stand. error in mm) and proportions of legs of Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n. (male, n=3). 
fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3
P1 547±17 650±14 306±12 219±7 125±3
P2 585±13 590±13 271±6 177±2 115±6
P3 595±9 666±17 348±13 207±3 173±6
ta4 ta5 LR BV SV
P1 61±2 61±1 0.47 3.22 3.92
P2 46±3 57±1 0.46 3.65 4.33
P3 59±5 53±1 0.52 3.27 3.63
fe, femur; ti, tibia; ta1-5, tarsomeres 1-5; LR, leg ratio, ratio of metatarsus to tibia; BV, Beinverhältnisse, combined length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus divided by combined length of tarsomeres 2-5; SV, Schenkel-Scheine-
verhältnis, ratio of femur plus tibia to metatarsus.
FEMALE. Measurements based on allotype.
COLORATION. Brownish-black.
Total body length about 2.7 mm, head width 408, thorax length 742,
abdomen length 1.860 mm, wing length 1.593 mm. Wing length/length
of profemur 3.9. Six antennal flagellomeres 37.1, 41.7, 39.4, 42.5, 49.2,
107.3; AR 0.51 in allotype. It is evident that the first and second flagel-
lomere are well separated (Figure 8), while in many Pseudosmittia
species they are fused, giving the appearance of 5 flagellomeres. Last
antennal flagellomere without an apical seta, Head with 5 setae not
separable into inner or outer verticals, tentorium 14 wide. 
Legs measurements are in Table 2.
Tergite IX of female not divided into two setigerous protrusions with
about 15 setae and characteristic sclerotized margin against rounded
and adpressed gonocoxites to each side. Gonocoxite without caudal
projection, with 4 strong setae.
Gonapophysis VIII (Figure 9) divided into a large ventrolateral lobe,
a small dorsomesal lobe widest in the middle and an apodeme lobe.
Cerci of moderate size, 51 long, slightly more than half the length of the
notum, 89 long. Seminal capsules ovoid, 86¥55, with large neck; most-
ly pale, spermathecal ducts with loop, with small bulbs before opening.
Pupae and larvae unknown.
HABITAT. The specimens were collected with a sweep net in a
meadow, near the shore of the Bidighinzu Reservoir in Sardinia, Italy.
The species belongs to a terrestrial genus. The characteristic of the
nearby reservoir are: water temperature 8°C, pH=7.8, conductivity
411 S cm–1 at 20°C.
Taxonomic remarks
The new species fits well within the generic diagnosis of
Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932 and easily keys in this genus (Cranston et
al., 1989), but it must be emphasized that all the observed male and
female imagoes of P. fabioi have no acrostichals so the species cannot
be identified using the recent revision (Ferrington & Sæther, 2011).
[Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892] [page 3]
Article
Figure 3. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Hypopygium.
Figure 4. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Anal point.
Figure 5. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Virga.
Table 2. Lengths (in mm) and proportions of legs of Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n. (female, n=1). 
fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3
P1 402 465 203 130 80
P2 451 438 170 84 60
P3 462 490 245 112 105
ta4 ta5 LR BV SV
P1 45 44 0.44 3.58 4.27
P2 33 44 0.39 4.79 5.23
P3 37 50 0.50 3.94 3.89
fe, femur; ti, tibia; ta1-5, tarsomeres 1-5; LR, leg ratio, ratio of metatarsus to tibia; BV, Beinverhältnisse, combined length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus divided by combined length of tarsomeres 2-5; SV, Schenkel-Scheine-
verhältnis, ratio of femur plus tibia to metatarsus.
[page 4] [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892]
The presence of at least 2 short, mostly biserial acrostichals on the mid-
scutum was considered a diagnostic character in the recent revision of
the genus (Ferrington & Sæther, 2011), while in Cranston et al. (1989)
it was stated that most species lack acrostichals, and this was consid-
ered a mistake in the recent revision of Ferrington & Sæther (2011). It
is here emphasized that in P. fabioi no acrostichals are present and this
finding supports the conclusion that the presence of acrostichals is not
a diagnostic character of the genus and the key to males of some ortho-
clads genera in Ferrington & Sæther (2011) must be emended: 
- Couplet 1, replace: … 2-16 short with … 0-16 short
- Couplet 4, replace … With 2 acrostichals with … With 0-2 acrostichals.
Another important point that must be here emphasized is the pres-
ence of 6 antennal flagellomeres in the female of P. fabioi, while other
species of the genus are described with 5 antennal flagellomeres
(Ferrington & Sæther, 2011).
References
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Figure 6. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Inferior volsella.
Figure 7. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Gonostylus.
Figure 8. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., female. Antenna.
Figure 9. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., female. Genitalia, detail of
gonapophysis VIII.
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[Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892] [page 5]
Article


Pseudosmittia fabioi n. sp., a new species from Sardinia (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)

Open Access Repository

[Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892] [page 1]Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., a new species from Sardinia(Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)A. Boggero,1 S. Zaupa,1 B. Rossaro21CNR-Institute of Ecosystem Study (ISE), Verbania Pallanza (VB); 2DeFENS Department of Food,Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Italy Abstract A new species of Pseudosmittia Edwards 1932, P. fabioi, fromSardinia (Palearctic region), is described and figured as male andfemale. The generic diagnosis is emended based on characters foundin the new species. The species is characterized by a triangular analpoint with microtrichia at apex (not projecting beyond tergite IX), aninferior volsella characterized by a rounded lobe with a setose acces-sory lobe adpressed to the gonocoxite, a well developed tooth-like pro-jection on the outer margin of the gonostylus, the lack of acrostichalsand an antenna with 6 flagellomeres in female.IntroductionThe genus Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, was recently revised(Ferrington & Sæther, 2011), the genus is one of the representativesof the subfamily Orthocladiinae whose larvae are terrestrial or semi-terrestrial (Strenzke, 1950). At present, 18 species belonging to thegenus Pseudosmittia are reported in the European Fauna (Sæther &Spies, 2013: http://www.faunaeur.org/) and elsewhere in the WesternPalaearctic 5 species are known from Algeria (Moubayed et al., 2006b),10 from Turkey (Caspers & Reiss, 1989) and 3 from Lebanon(Moubayed et al., 2006a). Ashe & O’Connor (2012) listed 93 validspecies occurring worldwide but since then 5 more species have beendescribed including one from France (Langton, 2012), 3 fromArgentina (Mauad et al., 2013) and 1 from South Korea (Ree, 2012).From the Russian Far East 13 species are known (Makarchenko &Makarchenko, 2008). In the Oriental region 12 species are reported(Sæther, 2006; Ashe & O’Connor, 2012), 17 species from theAfrotropical (Freeman, 1956; Lehmann, 1979; Freeman & Cranston,1980; Ashe & O’Connor, 2012); 26 species for the Neotropical (Spies &Reiss, 1996; Andersen et al., 2010; Ashe & O’Connor, 2012; Mauad etal., 2013), 18 species from the Nearctic, 13 from Australasia and 15from Oceania (Ashe & O’Connor, 2012). Some species previouslyincluded in Pseudosmittia have been transferred to other generaincluding Hydrosmittia Ferrington & Sæther 2011, Lobosmittia Sæther& Andersen, 1993 and Allocladius Kieffer, 1913 (Ferrington & Sæther,2011). The new West Palaearctic species from Sardinia (Italy), collect-ed near the shore of a reservoir, is here described and figured as adultmale and female. Pupa and larva of the new species are still unknown. Materials and methodsSpecimens were collected with a sweep net near the shore of theBidighinzu reservoir (Sardinia, Italy) and preserved in alcohol 70°.Microscope slides were prepared by clearing specimens with 10% KOHafter separation of wings, followed by neutralization with glacial aceticacid, dehydration in phenol:xylene (3:1) and mounted in Canada Balsamafter dissection of head, antennae, legs. Wings were mounted withoutclearing. Male and female genitalia were dissected and mounted in dor-sal (male) and ventral (female) position. Morphological terminology andmeasurement follow Sæther (1980); all measurements are in µm,except total body and wing length, which are in mm, the values arerounded off to the nearest 1 µm unless otherwise stated. The measure-ments, taken by the corresponding author, were compared with otherdescriptions (Ferrington & Sæther, 2011). The type material is deposit-ed in the collection of the Department of Food, Environmental andNutritional Sciences (DeFENS) in University of Milano (Italy).MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype male: ITALY: Sardinia, Sassari,Bidighinzu reservoir, 40º 33’ 24’’ N, 8º 39’ 44’’ W, 330 m a.s.l., maxi-mum lake-depth 30 m, 7.II.2011, sweep netting along lake shore, 13paratype males, same locality, 1 allotype and 1 female, same locality, S.Zaupa legit. Water temperature of the lake was 8°C, pH 7.8, conductiv-ity 411 µS cm–1 at 20°C. ETYMOLOGY. Named in memory of the grandbaby of the seniorauthor who died ten days after his birth.Correspondence: Bruno Rossaro, DeFENS Department of Food,Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2,I 20133 Milano, Italy. E-mail: bruno.rossaro@unimi.itKey words: Pseudosmittia, Orthocladiinae, Chironomidae, Sardinia,Palaearctic region.Acknowledgements: this study was partly funded by the EU (contractLIFE08/ENV/IT/000413 Local hydro-morphology, habitat and RBMPs: newmeasures to improve ecological quality in South European rivers and lakes -INHABIT).Received for publication: 20 August 2013.Revision received: 25 September 2013.Accepted for publication: 17 October 2013.©Copyright A. Boggero et al., 2014Licensee PAGEPress, ItalyJournal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892doi:10.4081/jear.2014.1892This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution Noncommercial License (by-nc 3.0) which permits any noncom-mercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the orig-inal author(s) and source are credited.Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2012; volume 44:eJournal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; volume 46:1892No-commercial u only[page 2] [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892]Diagnostic charactersThe males of the new species can be easily included in the genusPseudosmittia because of antenna without an apical seta, bare non-extended non-protruding eyes; wings and squama without setae, costanot extended, Cu1 sinuate, anal point not projecting beyond caudal mar-gin of tergite IX. P. fabioi sp. n. can be separated from all the other known species of thegenus by the presence of a conspicuous tooth-like projection on the outermargin of the gonostylus, presence of an inferior volsella characterizedby a spherical and transparent lobe, and an elongated - setose accessorylobe. The absence of acrostichals is also characteristic of this species.Other distinctive characters are: wing with a VR greater than one;postcubitus without bifurcation; mid-scutum without additional tubercle,hump or microtrichial tuft; male anal point placed forward on tergite IX,appearing as a median longitudinal ridge bearing few strong marginalsetae, covered by a triangular plate with microtrichia on its surface,reaching to apex; spiniform, short, pale median virga present; femaleantenna with 6 flagellomeres, female genitalia with gonocoxite IX round-ed; gonapophysis VIII divided into a small dorsomedian lobe, an apodemelobe and a large ventrolateral lobe; spermathecal duct with loops.Description The species fits well within the diagnosis of Pseudosmittia(Cranston et al., 1989; Ferrington & Sæther, 2011) except for theabsence of acrostichals. Another important difference is the presenceof six antennal segments in the female antenna, instead of 5 asdescribed in Ferrington & Sæther (2011) in other Pseudosmittiaspecies, see Taxonomic remarks. MALE. Measurements based on holotype.Total body length 2.3-2.6 mm, head wide 420-428, wing length1.5-1.7 mm.COLORATION. Brownish black.HEAD. Antenna (Figure 1) with 13 flagellomeres, without apicalseta, last flagellomere 368, AR=0.80-0.86, with 3-6 temporal setae (notseparable into inner/outer verticals or postorbitals), palpomere lengths:23, 44.5, 92, 79, and 93.THORAX. Antepronotum somewhat reduced, acrostichals absent,five dorsocentrals arising in a large white spot, another four smallwhite spots (without setae) aligned with dorsocentrals: 4-8 scutellarsand 3 prealars present.WING. Figure 2: 1.729 mm long in holotype, costa not extendedbeyond R4+5, R2+3 at equal distance between R and R4+5, R4+5 distal withrespect to M3+4, Cu1 sinuate, postcubitus not bifurcate projecting welldistal to FCu. VR=1.38. LEGS. Legs measurements are in Table 1. Spur of fore leg tibia 37long, of mid leg 19 and 16, of hind leg 35 and 19. Spurs present on tar-someres.HYPOPYGIUM. Figure 3: anal point (Figure 4) present, placed ante-riorly on tergite IX, not projecting beyond posterior margin, appearingas a longitudinal ridge, which bears a few robust, lateral setae, coveredby a triangular plate rich in microtrichia reaching to apex; spiniform,short, pale median virga, about 20 long (Figure 5) present.Sternapodeme convex without anterior projections. Phallapodemeshort, curved (Figure 3), aedeagal lobe small; superior volsella absent;inferior volsella (Figure 6) divided into two lobes, a principal lobespherical, transparent, with microtrichia on its surface, an accessorylobe elongated, adpressed to gonocoxite, provided with setae.Gonostylus (Figure 7) with a very prominent tooth-like projection onthe outer margin. ArticleFigure 1. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Antenna. Measurementsin micron in all figures.Figure 2. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Wing.Table 1. Lengths (mean±stand. error in µm) and proportions of legs of Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n. (male, n=3). fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3P1 547±17 650±14 306±12 219±7 125±3P2 585±13 590±13 271±6 177±2 115±6P3 595±9 666±17 348±13 207±3 173±6ta4 ta5 LR BV SVP1 61±2 61±1 0.47 3.22 3.92P2 46±3 57±1 0.46 3.65 4.33P3 59±5 53±1 0.52 3.27 3.63fe, femur; ti, tibia; ta1-5, tarsomeres 1-5; LR, leg ratio, ratio of metatarsus to tibia; BV, Beinverhältnisse, combined length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus divided by combined length of tarsomeres 2-5; SV, Schenkel-Scheine-verhältnis, ratio of femur plus tibia to metatarsus.Non-commercial use onlyFEMALE. Measurements based on allotype.COLORATION. Brownish-black.Total body length about 2.7 mm, head width 408, thorax length 742,abdomen length 1.860 mm, wing length 1.593 mm. Wing length/lengthof profemur 3.9. Six antennal flagellomeres 37.1, 41.7, 39.4, 42.5, 49.2,107.3; AR 0.51 in allotype. It is evident that the first and second flagel-lomere are well separated (Figure 8), while in many Pseudosmittiaspecies they are fused, giving the appearance of 5 flagellomeres. Lastantennal flagellomere without an apical seta, head with 5 setae not sep-arable into inner or outer verticals, tentorium 14 wide. Legs measurements are in Table 2.Tergite IX of female not divided into two setigerous protrusions withabout 15 setae and characteristic sclerotized margin against roundedand adpressed gonocoxites to each side. Gonocoxite without caudalprojection, with 4 strong setae.Gonapophysis VIII (Figure 9) divided into a large ventrolateral lobe,a small dorsomesal lobe widest in the middle and an apodeme lobe.Cerci of moderate size, 51 long, slightly more than half the length of thenotum, 89 long. Seminal capsules ovoid, 86×55, with large neck; most-ly pale, spermathecal ducts with loop, with small bulbs before opening.Pupae and larvae unknown.HABITAT. The specimens were collected with a sweep net in ameadow, near the shore of the Bidighinzu Reservoir in Sardinia, Italy.The species belongs to a terrestrial genus. The characteristic of thenearby reservoir are: water temperature 8°C, pH=7.8, conductivity411  S cm–1 at 20°C.Taxonomic remarksThe new species fits well within the generic diagnosis ofPseudosmittia Edwards, 1932 and easily keys in this genus (Cranston etal., 1989), but it must be emphasized that all the observed male andfemale imagoes of P. fabioi have no acrostichals so the species cannotbe identified using the recent revision (Ferrington & Sæther, 2011).[Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892] [page 3]ArticleFigure 3. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Hypopygium.Figure 4. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Anal point.Figure 5. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Virga.Table 2. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n. (female, n=1). fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3P1 402 465 203 130 80P2 451 438 170 84 60P3 462 490 245 112 105ta4 ta5 LR BV SVP1 45 44 0.44 3.58 4.27P2 33 44 0.39 4.79 5.23P3 37 50 0.50 3.94 3.89fe, femur; ti, tibia; ta1-5, tarsomeres 1-5; LR, leg ratio, ratio of metatarsus to tibia; BV, Beinverhältnisse, combined length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus divided by combined length of tarsomeres 2-5; SV, Schenkel-Scheine-verhältnis, ratio of femur plus tibia to metatarsus. Note: Both basitarsus and metatarsus terms refer to the 1st tarsomere.Non-commercial use only[page 4] [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892]The presence of at least 2 short, mostly biserial acrostichals on the mid-scutum was considered a diagnostic character in the recent revision ofthe genus (Ferrington & Sæther, 2011), while in Cranston et al. (1989)it was stated that most species lack acrostichals, and this was consid-ered a mistake in the recent revision of Ferrington & Sæther (2011). Itis here emphasized that in P. fabioi no acrostichals are present and thisfinding supports the conclusion that the presence of acrostichals is nota diagnostic character of the genus and the key to males of some ortho-clads genera in Ferrington & Sæther (2011) must be emended: - Couplet 1, replace: … 2-16 short with … 0-16 short- Couplet 4, replace … With 2 acrostichals with … With 0-2 acrostichals.Another important point that must be here emphasized is the pres-ence of 6 antennal flagellomeres in the female of P. fabioi, while otherspecies of the genus are described with 5 antennal flagellomeres(Ferrington & Sæther, 2011).ReferencesANDERSEN T., SÆTHER O.A., MENDES H.F., 2010 - NeotropicalAllocladius Kieffer, 1913 and Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932(Diptera: Chironomidae). - Zootaxa 2472: 1-77.ASHE P., O’CONNOR J.P., 2012 - A World Catalogue of Chironomidae(Diptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Irish Biogeographical Societyand National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 968 pp.CASPERS N., REISS F., 1989 - Die Chironomiden der Turkei. Teil I:Podonominae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae(Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae). - Entomofauna 10: 105-160.CRANSTON P.S., OLIVER D.R., SÆTHER O.A., 1989 - The adult males ofOrthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region –Keys and diagnoses. In: WIEDERHOLM T. (Ed.). Chironomidae of theHolarctic region. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica Scandinavica,Supplement 34: 165-352.FERRINGTON L.C., SÆTHER O.A., 2011 - A revision of the generaPseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, andHydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). -Zootaxa 2849: 1-314.FREEMAN P., 1956 - A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africasouth of the Sahara. Part II. - Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. Ent. 4: 287-368. FREEMAN P., CRANSTON P.S., 1980 - 11. Family Chironomidae. In:CROSSKEY R.W. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropicalregion. Publ. Trust. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 1437: 175-202.LANGTON P.H., 2012 - Two new species of Orthocladiinae (Diptera,Chironomidae) from south-eastern France. - Dipterists Digest(Second Series) 19: 135-141.LEHMANN J., 1979 - Chironomidae (Diptera) aus FließgewässernZentralafrikas (Systematik, Ökologie, Verbreitung und Pro-duk-tions-biologie). Teil I: Kivu-Gebiet, Ostzaire. - Spixiana, Supple-ment 3: 1-144.MAKARCHENKO E.A., MAKARCHENKO M.A., 2008 - Review of thegenus Pseudosmittia Edwards 1928 (Diptera: Chironomidae:ArticleFigure 6. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Inferior volsella.Figure 7. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., male. Gonostylus.Figure 8. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., female. Antenna.Figure 9. Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., female. Genitalia, detail ofgonapophysis VIII.Non-commercial use onlyOrthocladiinae) from the Russian Far East. - Russian Entomol. J.17: 217-228.MAUAD M., SIRI A., DONATO M., 2013 - New species of PseudosmittiaEdwards, 1932 and new records of Allocladius Kieffer, 1913(Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from South America. -Zootaxa 3694: 445-460.MOUBAYED-BREIL J., DIA A., 2006a - Espèces de Chironomes nouvellespour la faune du Liban et du Proche-Orient [Diptera, Chironomidae].- Ephemera 8: 101-107.MOUBAYED-BREIL J., LOUNACI A., LONACI-DAUDI D., 2006b - Non bit-ing midges from Algeria, North Africa [Diptera, Chironomidae]. -Ephemera 8: 93-99.REE H.I., 2012 - Eight new and four newly recorded species ofChironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Korea. - Anim. Syst. Evol.Divers. 28: 241-260.SÆTHER O.A., 1980 - Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology(Diptera: Chironomidae). - Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement14: 1-51.SÆTHER O.A., 2006 - Japanese Pseudosmittia Edwards (Diptera:Chironomidae). - Zootaxa 1198: 21-51.SÆTHER O.A., ANDERSEN T., 1993 - Lobosmittia, a new genus of ortho-clads from Tanzania and Turkey (Diptera: Chironomidae). -Tijdschr. Entomol. 136: 283-287.SPIES M., REISS F., 1996 - Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical andMexican Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera). - Spixiana, Supplement22: 61-119.SÆTHER O.A., SPIES M., 2013 - Fauna Europaea: Chironomidae. In:BEUK P., PAPE T. (eds.). Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera.Fauna Europaea version 2.4. [Available from: http://www.fau-naeur.orgSTRENZKE K., 1950 - Systematik, Morphologie und Ökologie der ter-restrischen Chironomiden. - Archiv Hydrobiol. Suppl. 18: 207-414.[Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2014; 46:1892] [page 5]ArticleNon-commercial use only

Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., a new species from Sardinia (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)

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A new species of &lt;em&gt;Pseudosmittia&lt;/em&gt; Edwards 1932, &lt;em&gt;P. fabioi&lt;/em&gt;, from Sardinia (Palearctic region), is described and figured as male and female. The generic diagnosis is emended based on characters found in the new species. The species is characterized by a triangular anal point with microtrichia at apex (not projecting beyond tergite IX), an inferior volsella characterized by a rounded lobe with a setose accessory lobe adpressed to the gonocoxite, a well developed tooth-like projection on the outer margin of the gonostylus, the lack of acrostichals and an antenna with 6 flagellomeres in female.</jats:p

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Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., a new species from Sardinia (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)

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