Ayodele, Olusoji Oluremi

Malendi, Nthabiseng

Mampuya, Bob Mpinda

Mphahlele, M R

Olanipekun, Ayorinde Tayo

Olubambi, Peter Apata

English

University of Johannesburg Institutional Repository

Data in brief 27 (2019) 104551Contents lists available at ScienceDirectData in briefjournal homepage: www.elsevier .com/locate/dibData ArticleDatasets on the measurement of mechanicalproperties of ferrite and austenite constitutivephases using nanoindentation and microhardness techniquesAyorinde Tayo Olanipekun a, *, Maledi Nthabiseng c,Olusoji Oluremi Ayodele b, M.R. Mphahlele b,Bob Mpinda Mampuya b, Peter Apata Olubambi ba Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africab Centre for Nano-Engineering and Tribocorrosion, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering,University of Johannesburg, South Africac School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SouthAfricaa r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 10 June 2019Received in revised form 31 August 2019Accepted 16 September 2019Available online 23 September 2019Keywords:Duplex stainless steelFerriteAusteniteNanoindentationMicrohardness* Corresponding author.E-mail address: atolanipekun@uj.ac.za (A.T. Olahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.1045512352-3409/© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Ecreativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).a b s t r a c tThe major objective of this work is to study the hardness data atthe domain of ferrite and Austenite phases. Nanoindentation andmicrohardness study has been conducted on austenite and ferritepresent in the microstructure of hot rolled and heat treated duplexstainless steel (2205 DSS). Furthermore, Optical microscopy andfield emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were usedto identify the microstructural distribution and phases present.Austenite reveals higher nanohardness data value than ferrite, asoppose to ferrite average elastic modulus which is higher than thatof austenite. Also, higher value of microhardness data wasobserved for austenite in comparison with the ferrite at differentload application.© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an openaccess article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).nipekun).lsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://Specifications TableSubject Mechanical Engineering and Materials scienceSpecific subject area Metals and alloys, NanotechnologyType of data TableGraphFigureHow data wereacquired- Phases were determined by image analysis taken by optical microscope (OM) (Model Axioobserver 7 for materials, Carl Zeiss microscopy, GmbH, Germany). Also, phases present was ob-tained by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (model Carl Zeiss sigma,Germany)- X-ray diffraction of patterns of the as received hot rolled annealed sample was carried out by Xraydiffractometer. The reflection peaks in as received sample shows the presence of two phases only:d ferrite and g Austenite phases with (110) and (111) as the major reflection peaks, respec-tively. The peak analysis was carried out using (PDXL software).- The experimental datasets were obtained through the experiment that was carried out on anultra-nanoindenter (UNHT), manufactured in Switzerland, equipped with a three-sided pyramid,berkovich diamond indenter. However, all the indentation tests followed ISO 14577- The Vickers microhardness (HV) was measured by Vickers microhardness tester (FUTURE-TECHFM 800) at a load (P) 20 gf (1.0 N)- 200gf and dwell time of 10 s at room temperature, with fiverepeat tests to ensure data reliabilityData format RawAnalyzed and FilteredParameters for datacollection- For the indentation test, the total indentation time is 40s which was divided using load controlfunction with a 20s loading time, 5s holding time and 15s unloading time. However the load wasvary from 30mN to 50mN for the test.- For the Vickers hardness test, load was varied from 20g, 50g,100g,200g on both austenite andferrite phases.Description of datacollectionA sequence of microhardness test under load ranging from 20g to 200g, while the load span for thenanoindentation test was from 30mN to 50mN. Local hardnessmechanical property of the austenitcand ferritic phase in a commercial hot rolled and annealed DSS (2205) was measured. The microhardness data presented for the austenite phase at each successive load is higher than of the ferriticphase. Likewise, the average nanohardness was higher for austenitic phase (8.9GPa) whencompared to ferrite phase (7.9GPa). Annealing heat treatment has been suggested as the reason whythere is diversity in the hardness value of the ferritic phase and the austenitic phaseData source location University of Johannesburg and University of WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth AfricaData accessibility With the articleValue of the Data The data gotten can be used in the Industries to determine the mechanical properties of metallic alloy. The methodology, data, and the techniques used in analyzing, can be easily replicated by other researchers at differentlaboratories for further insights and development of experiments. A mechanical characterization technique has been presented, which can be used to determine nanohardness and vickershardness of Duplex stainless steel experimentally. Future research on nanoindentation analysis can be built on the work done.A.T. Olanipekun et al. / Data in brief 27 (2019) 10455121. DataThe dataset in this article describes the microstructure and mechanical analysis of DSS (2205). Thechemical composition data analysis of the as received DSS (2205) is shown in Table 1. Fig. 1 (a) and (b)describe the OM and SEM characterization of the as-received hot rolled heat treated 2205 DSSrespectively, revealing the austenite and ferrite phases. Fig. 2 describes the XRD characterization of the2205 DSS. Fig. 3 Describes the nanoidentation load displacement curves for ferrite and austenitecaptured at various loads, varied between 30mN and 50mN. The mean value data of the nanohardness,reduced modulus and modulus calculated from the nanoidentation experiment (Table 2). The VickersA.T. Olanipekun et al. / Data in brief 27 (2019) 104551 3hardness for the respective phases (Table 3). Fig. 4 describes Vickers microhardness values conductedat the austenite and ferrite interface.2. Experimental design, materials, and methods2.1. Materials and metallographic preparationThe material investigated in this research was obtained from Columbus stainless (pty) Ltd. as 6mm 1500mm  6000mm rectangular sheet, hot rolled and annealed 2205 DSS at 1050 Ce1100 C thenquenched in air and water spray. The samples were prepared following the standard metallographictechnique, first polished followed by electro-chemical etching using KOH etchant solution. Phases weredetermined by image analysis taken by optical microscope (OM) (Model Axio observer 7 for materials,Carl Zeiss microscopy, GmbH, Germany). Also, the phases present was obtained by field emissionscanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (model Carl Zeiss sigma, Germany).2.2. NanoindentationThe nanoindentation was carried out on an ultra-nanoindenter (UNHT), manufactured inSwitzerland, equipped with a three-sided pyramid, berkovich diamond indenter. All the indentationtests followed ISO 14577. Before the indentation tests, the contact area was calibrated by an indirectmethod to maintain accuracy. The total indentation time is 40s which was divided using load controlfunction with a 20s loading time, 5s holding time and 15s unloading time. Also, varying load from30mN to 50mN, and the grid of indents was spaced 2 mm apart with four different indentation points ineach phase.According to Tao et al. [1] contact area can be expressed as the equation below,Ac¼C0h2c þ C1hc þ C2h12c þ C3h14c þ C2h12c þ… (1)From Kicks Law [2],P¼Ch2 (2)Showing that the load is directly proportional to the square value of indentation displacement.WhereP is the indentation load and C is the loading curvature, while h is the displacement. Elasticmodulus and nanohardness was determined by the following equations from (3)e(5) proposed byOliver-Pharr [3,4].H¼ PmaxAc(3)Er ¼ffiffiffippS2ffiffiffiffiffiAcp (4)1Er¼1 w2Eþ 1 w2iEi(5)S¼ dPdh(6)The initial unloading curve dPdh is defined by S which is the stiffness, while H is nanohardness,maximum force is denoted by Pmax, while the contact area is denoted by Ac. Er is the reduced modulus,Table 1Chemical composition of the as received hot rolled, annealed duplex stainless steel (2205) (wt %).C S P Mn Si Cr Ni Mo N0.023 0.001 0.022 1.38 0.56 22.8 5.3 3.37 0.16Fig. 1. (a) OM micrograph (b) SEM micrograph of the as received hot rolled DSS, showing austenite and ferrite phase.Fig. 2. An X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis of the as received annealed and hot rolled DSS 2205.A.T. Olanipekun et al. / Data in brief 27 (2019) 1045514Fig. 3. Nanoindentation Load-displacement curves (a) at load 30Mn and 50Mn (b) at 50mN.Table 2Hardness and modulus from nano-indentation experiments.Phase Hardness, HðGPaÞ Reduced modulus ErðGPaÞ Modulus, EðGPaÞFerrite 7.9 163.8 0 178.84Austenite 8.9 137.28 149.89Table 3Vickers Hardness for the respective phases.Load (gf) Austenite Hardness (HV) Ferrite Hardness (HV)20 246 23250 343 311100 311 310200 291 292A.T. Olanipekun et al. / Data in brief 27 (2019) 104551 5the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio respectively for the diamond indenter are Ei ¼ 1140Gpaand. wi ¼ 0:07Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of nanoindentation head, while Fig. 2, is a scheme of indentationcurve clearly showing the energies Et ; Ep; Ee and the maximum (hmax) depths and residual (hf).The indentation hardness and elastic modulus was obtained from Oliver -Pharr analysis [4] asshown in equations (3)e(6). However, we observed that the ferrite elastic modulus (178.84GPa) ishigher than austenite elastic modulus(149.89GPa), close to the data obtained by Karim et al. [5].Similarly, Moverare and Oden [6] explained in their work that ferrite always have the strongest phase,Inal et al. [7] defer in his own explanation, saying DSS tend to behave contrary, presenting strongeraustenite phase than the ferrite phase. This fact was substantiated by Meshkov and Pereloma [8] thatfine grained austenite with uniform grain size after quenching and rapid annealing allows the reali-zation of high strength in steel. In the same vein, the residual stresses among the DSS phases generatedby the heat treatment can also be responsible for the disparity in the hardness value of the constituentphases. Likewise, Moverare and Oden observed that “Nitrogen acts a austenite phase stabilizer and alsopromote planar glide which strengthens austenite” [6] and the percent of Ni in our alloy is 5.3 which ishigh enough to stabilize the austenitic phase after heat treatment.Fig. 4. Vickers microhardness values for ferrite and Austenite.A.T. Olanipekun et al. / Data in brief 27 (2019) 10455162.3. Microhardness testThe Vickers microhardness (HV) was measured by Vickers microhardness tester (FUTURE-TECH FM800) at a load (P) 20 gf (1.0 N)- 200gf and a dwell time of 10 s at room temperature, with five repeattests to ensure data reliability.The Vickers microhardness test was conducted on both the ferrite and austenite phases. Meanwhile,the Vickers microhardness experimental data, indicated that there was no significant difference be-tween the hardness value of the austenite phase and the ferrite phase except for the hardness testcarried out at 50g load giving an average hardness values of 343 HV and 311 HV for ferrite. However, wecan conclude and assume that, the factors responsible for high Nano hardness can also be the samefactors for austenite high micro hardness.AcknowledgmentsThis research work was carried out under the research grant of National Research foundation ofSouth Africa (NRF).Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relation-ships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.References[1] P. Tao, J.-M. Gong, Y.-F. Wang, Y. Jiang, Y. Li, W.-W. Cen, Characterization on stress-strain behavior of ferrite and austenite ina 2205 duplex stainless steel based on nanoindentation and finite element method, Results Phys. 11 (2018) 377e384.A.T. Olanipekun et al. / Data in brief 27 (2019) 104551 7[2] M. Dao, N.V. Chollacoop, K. Van Vliet, T. Venkatesh, S. Suresh, Computational modeling of the forward and reverse problemsin instrumented sharp indentation, Acta Mater. 49 (2001) 3899e3918.[3] W.C. Oliver, G.M. Pharr, An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacementsensing indentation experiments, J. Mater. Res. 7 (1992) 1564e1583.[4] W.C. Oliver, G.M. Pharr, Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: advances in under-standing and refinements to methodology, J. Mater. Res. 19 (2004) 3e20.[5] K.R. Gadelrab, G. Li, M. Chiesa, T. Souier, Local characterization of austenite and ferrite phases in duplex stainless steel usingMFM and nanoindentation, J. Mater. Res. 27 (2012) 1573e1579.[6] J.J. Moverare, M. Oden, Influence of elastic and plastic anisotropy on the flow behavior in a duplex stainless steel, Metall.Mater. Trans. A 33 (2002) 57e71.[7] K. Inal, P. Gergaud, M. Francois, J. Lebrun, X-ray diffraction methodologies of macro and pseudo-macro stress analysis in atextured duplex stainless steel, Scand. J. Metall. 28 (1999) 139e150.[8] Y.Y. Meshkov, E. Pereloma, The effect of heating rate on reverse transformations in steels and Fe-Ni-based alloys, in: PhaseTransformations in Steels, Elsevier, 2012, pp. 581e618.

Datasets on the measurement of mechanical properties of ferrite and austenite constitutive phases using nanoindentation and micro hardness techniques

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Datasets on the measurement of mechanical properties of ferrite and austenite constitutive phases using nanoindentation and micro hardness techniques

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