Sandler, Hilary A.

English

ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

2019 Pesticide Safety - Adjuvants

University of Massachusetts AmherstScholarWorks@UMass AmherstCranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public ServiceActivities4-25-20192019 Pesticide Safety - AdjuvantsHilary A. SandlerFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cranberry_extensionPart of the Agriculture CommonsADJUVANTSHilary SandlerUMass Cranberry Station, E. Wareham, MAPESTICIDE SAFETY MEETING, APRIL 25, 2019• Terminology• What  adjuvants  do• What  we  useADJUVANTSANY  PRODUCT  ADDED  TO  PESTICIDES  TO  IMPROVE  PERFORMANCELOTS  of  types;   LOTS  of  categoriesOther Ingredients in Pesticide FormulationsAdjuvants  are  ingredients  that  modify  and enhance  the  performance  of  pesticides.Act  as  solvent,  carrier,  emulsifier,  spreader, and  drift  control.Surfactants  are  another  major  otheringredient.SHOULD  YOU  USE  AN  ADJUVANT??FAILING TO CORRECTLY USE AN  ADJUVANT ACCORDING TO LABEL IS AS   MUCH A VIOLATION AS INAPPROPRIATE  USE OF PESTICIDESPRAY  APPLICATION  PROBLEMS§ SURFACE  TENSION§ COVERAGE§ PENETRATION§ ADHERENCE§ DRIFT§ DEGRADATIONPesticide stabilitySolubility IncompatibilitySuspensionFoamingEvaporationADJUVANTS…. Are  designed  to  combat  these  issuesBut,  cannot  single-handedly  perform  all  these  functionsMay  need  to  combine  different  adjuvants  to  get  the  job  done• EMULSIFIERS:  USED W/ OIL-BASED PRODUCTS  TO IMPROVE MIXING• SPREADERS: IMPROVE DISTRIBUTION ON TARGET• STICKERS (~THICKENERS):  HELP RESIST RAIN, RUN-OFF,  EVAPORATION• THICKENERS:  REDUCE DRIFTSpreader-stickers  are  general-use  products  that  include  wetting  agent  and  adhesive.Modify  spray  mixtureSPRAY  ACTIVATORS• COC: PENETRANTS  FOR  HERBICIDES• NIS: BREAK  WATER  TENSION; SPREADER• OILS: SMOTHER INSECTS, SHATTER CHITIN, DISSOLVE WAX /CUTICLE• METHYLATED  SEED  OIL (MSO):  AGGRESSIVE PENETRANT• AMMONIUM  SULFATE:  SOFTENS  WATEREnhance  biological  activitySURFACTANTANY  MATERIAL  ADDED  TO  PESTICIDE FORMULATION  DESIGNED  TO  MODIFY  OR REDUCE  SURFACE  TENSION SURFACTANT IS  SHORT-HAND  FOR :SURFACE  ACTIVE  AGENTSURFACTANTS• MAY  ALSO  BE  CALLED  WETTING  AGENTS  OR  SPREADERS• USUAL  JOB  =  BREAK  SURFACE TENSION  OF  SPRAY  DROPLET• TOO  MUCH =  PESTICIDE  RUNS  OFF  LEAF• TOO  LITTLE  =  BAD  COVERAGEALL  SURFACTANTS  ARE  ADJUVANTS  BUTNOT  ALL  ADJUVANTS  ARE  SURFACTANTS!BreezeBreezeDrift-ableDropletsWhat Happens To A Droplet Once Sprayed1000 µ 750 µ 500 µ 375 µ 250 µ188 µ 125 µ 94 µ63 µToo LargeToo SmallJust Right< 125 500 - 188 > 750 What Happens To A Droplet Once Sprayed22.5 ̊ 22.5 ̊Zabkiewicz; Forster, Forest Research, NZ , 200214Plant CuticleBarrier to Herbicide UptakePlant  CuticleBarrier to UptakeDifficult To Wet LeavesWaxSurfaceNo Surfactant Added Surfactant AddedGene Gangwish, Loveland ProductsCourtesy: Bukovac - Michigan State UniversityLateral View  of  DropletsLeft to  Right: 0, 0.01, 0.1%  Non-Ionic SurfactantCabbage  LeafNot all Beer is the same!Adjuvantsnot all the sameWetter SpreaderAWetter SpreaderBSpreaderActivatorTYPICAL  ADJUVANTS• NONIONIC  SURFACTANTS (NIS): • LI-700, EXIT, INDUCE, ACTIVATOR 90PENETRANTS: CROP  OIL (HERBIMAX)• SYSTEMIC /  AUXIN-TYPE  HERBICIDES  AND  TRANSLOCATABLE FUNGICIDES  CAN  BENEFIT  FROM  USE  OF  PENETRANTS.• SPREADER – STICKERS• BOND,  STIK (ESP. WITH  BT PRODUCTS)• DRIFT  RETARDANTS, MAYBE  IF  < 125  MICRONSNEWER  PRODUCTS  FOR  CB ??ØORGANOSILICATES:  IMPROVE  RAINFASTNESS, REDUCE SURFACE TENSION, IMPROVE WETTINGØMAYBE W/ RU IF LABEL ALLOWS, RECOMMENDSØON TOUGH WEEDS, 0.5-1% V:V (WI, PNW)ØALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES:  NIS; ORGANIC/ENVT’LFRIENDLY, LOW TOXICITY, RESEARCH ON-GOINGØUSED IN COSMETICS, FOAM ENHANCERS DETERGENTSØSOME PESTICIDES LOSE EFFICACYAT HIGH PH.WHAT  NOT  USE….  ??• SOAPS: MAY  REACT  BADLY;  HAVE  BOTH  CATIONIC (+)  AND  ANIONIC (-) COMPONENTS FOAMING  ISSUES (+)PLANT  INJURY (-)• NATURAL  SURFACTANTS • COCONUT/PALM OIL,  WHEAT  AMINO  ACIDS  • JURY  IS  STILL  OUT;  NOT  CURRENTLY  RECOMMENDEDADJUVANT  GUIDELINES• USE  ONLY  THOSE  LABELED  FOR  AG  OR  HORT USE.• NO  INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS,  HOUSEHOLD  DETERGENTS• THERE  ARE  NO  “MIRACLE”  ADJUVANTS.• BEWARE  OF  AWESOME  CLAIMS• LIMITED - AREA   TESTING  FIRST.• USE  RIGHT ADJUVANT  WITH  RIGHT PESTICIDE.• READ  AND  FOLLOW  THE  LABELS.• BE  AWARE  OF  NEW  FORMULATIONS;  THEY  MAY  HAVE  NEW  ADJUVANT  RECOMMENDATIONS.• KNOW  WHEN  NOT TO  USE  ONE,  TOO!WHAT  ABOUT  TANK  MIXES?•NEW  ADJUVANTS  ON  THE  MARKET.•GENERICS  MAY  NOT  ALWAYS  BE  THE  SAME  AS  ORIGINAL.• TRY  A  SMALL  TEST  AREA  FIRST.• GROWTH  STAGE• WEATHERMaximize  entry  intothe plantDo  a  jar  test.Simple, quick, easySaves  money, time, cropCompatibility  BasicsCombo  with  DiscolorationQuinStar  with  ExitADJUVANTS  IN  CRANBERRY•ADJUVANTS  NEEDED  WITH MANCOZEBPRODUCTS; SPREADER-STICKERS  TO  IMPROVE  DEPOSITION / DURABILITY•BRAVO HAS  SPREADER-STICKER  IN IT!• USING  EXTRA  COULD  CAUSE  MORE  RUN-OFF,  REDUCE  RETENTION,  CAUSE  INJURYADJUVANTS  IN  CRANBERRY§ RECOMMENDED WITH PROLINE§“MAY BE ADDED” WITH ABOUND, INDAR• DO NOT USE PENETRANT (INDAR)• LABEL: 0.25% V:V NIS BUT ~1 PT/A SHOULD BE FINEADJUVANTS  IN  CRANBERRY• ADJUVANTS  RECOMMENDED WITH INTREPID, CONFIRM , AND DIPEL.• IMPROVES: DEPOSITIONREDISTRIBUTIONWEATHERABILITY• DELEGATE, ALTACOR, AND AVAUNT: RECOMMENDED TO IMPROVED PERFORMANCE• DENSE CANOPY• WAXY LEAVESHERBICIDES  AND  ADJUVANTS• CALLISTO (MESOTRIONE):  SPOT-TREATMENT  POST• NIS (0.25%)  =  2 TSP  OR  0.3 OZ/GAL  • COC  (1%)  =  2.5 TBSP OR  1.3 OZ/GAL; MAY  CAUSE  INJURY  IN  SOME  CONDITIONS• ADJUVANT  RATES  ARE  THE  SAME NO  MATTER  WHAT  RATE  OF  CALLISTO  IS  USED!HERBICIDES  AND  ADJUVANTS• CALLISTO:  CHEMIGATING POST• USE  NIS  OR  COC  AT  1-4 PT/AQUINSTAR  (QUINCLORAC)• 2 PT/A  COC;  CHEMIGATION• POAST (SETHOXYDIM)• 1% COC  =  1.3 OZ OR  2.5 TBSP / GAL• SPOT- TREATMENT  ONLY• SELECT (CLETHODIM) – NO CHEMIGATION ALLOWED!• NIS  AT  0.25%  V:V  FOR SELECTMAX• COC  AT  1% V:V  FOR  SELECT 2EC• INTENSITY/ONE  (CLETHODIM) –24C FOR CHEMIGATION• 1-4 PT/A NIS (COC PREFERRED W INTENSITY)ContinuedNONE  NEEDED  WITH…•ROUNDUP (GLYPHOSATE)• USUALLY NONE NEEDED• MANY GENERICS OUT THERE!  CHECK  LABELS!• STINGER  (CLOPYRALID)•WEEDAR 64  (2,4-D)ContinuedIF  YOU  HAVE  QUESTIONS….•CONTACT  THE  MANUFACTURER• MSDS ;  LABEL• PROMOTIONAL  LITERATURE•CALL  YOUR  AG SUPPLIER•CALL  THE CRANBERRY  STATIONQuestions ?Questions ?

https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1290&amp;context=cranberry_extension

2019 Pesticide Safety - Adjuvants

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