Ghantous, Katherine

Sandler, Hilary A.

English

ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

2016 Weed Research Update

University of Massachusetts AmherstScholarWorks@UMass AmherstCranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public ServiceActivities20162016 Weed Research UpdateKatherine GhantousUMass Amherst, Cranberry Station, kghantou@umass.eduHilary A. SandlerUMass Amherst, Cranberry Station, hsandler@umass.eduFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cranberry_extensionPart of the Agriculture CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities at ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cranberry Station Extension meetings by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.Recommended CitationGhantous, Katherine and Sandler, Hilary A., "2016 Weed Research Update" (2016). Cranberry Station Extension meetings. 234.Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cranberry_extension/234Katherine	Ghantous	and	Hilary	Sandler	UMass	Cranberry	Station	2010	survey		  0%	selected	perennial	grass	as	their	most	problematic	weed		2015	survey		  64%	rated	poverty	grass	(PG)	as	one	of	the	four	most	common	weeds	  59%	rated	it	one	of	the	most	difficult	weeds	to	manage	  Broomsedge	bluestem	(Andropogon	virginicus)	  Little	bluestem	(Schizachyrium	scoparium)	Bent awns  Little bluestem Straight awns Broomsedge Very	slow	starter	  Populations	seem	to	explode	in	August	Successful	management	  Stop	seedling	establishment	(PRE)	  Stop	seed	production	(POST)	  Kill	adult	plants	(POST)	JUNE  3 JUNE  24  JULY 29 JULY  10 Many	in	use	for	decades,	only	three	gained	in	past	20	years!	  1950’s	-	2,4-D		  1965	-	Casoron	(dichlobenil)	  1976	-	Evital	(norflurazon	)	  	1979	-	Devrinol	(napropamide)	  1982	-	Glyphosate	  1986	–	Poast	(sethoxydim)	  1996	–	Stinger	(clopyralid)	  2002	–	Select	(clethodim)	  2009	–	Callisto	(mesotrione)	  2013	–	QuinStar	(quinclorac)	Think	outside	the	box,	but	stay	inside	the	box?	Poverty	Grass	controls?	0 10 20 30 40 Dev_KFD Dev_XT Untrt % Treatment Broomsedge seedling emergence                   2 months after treatment % seedling emergence Devrinol	-	preemergence	herbicide	  Greenhouse	trials	–	good	controls	of	BS	and	LBS	seeds	  Control	not	seen	when	used	in	the	field				Dev	2-XT									Dev	DF-XT							Untreated										Herbicide	activity	not	overlapping	with	germination.		Devrinol	labeled	for	application	before	spring	growth	begins…			Devrinol	Application	Poverty	Grass	Germination			Evaluated		18	pt/A	(simulated	chemigation)			Applied	at	various	cranberry	stages	(pre-budbreak,	roughneck,	hook	stage,	bloom,	fruit	set)						Each	plot	(1-m2)	received	a	single	treatment	Replicated	four	times		Are	later	Devrinol	apps	safe	for	cranberry?	Cranberry	fruit	was	collected	from		1	ft2	quadrat	in	each	plot		  Evaluated	for	number	and	weight	of	sellable	fruit	P  	No	differences	between	any	treatment	and	untreated	control				  Fruit	samples	will	be	analyzed	for	residue	  Pending	outcome,	UPI	will	support	a	24-C	label		  Shown	to	be	effective	in	GH	and	field	trials	  Most	effective	when	PG	is	actively	growing	  Cranberry	fruit	is	present	during	this	time	  Treating	with	sprayer	caused	damage	from	foot	traffic	  4	apps	allowed	(9	-16	fl.	oz	per	app,	max	64	oz/A)	…many	growers	not	using	any!	Treated		once	(7/22/14),	plants		harvested		9/12/14	B B B A 0 4 8 12 16 Intensity	 Poast	 Select	 Untrt	PG  Biomass  g/plant	Poverty	grass	–	spot	treating	No	treated	plants	made	seeds	  Grass	herbicides		  Best	on	actively	growing	grass	before	seeds	form	Application	is	a	major	hurdle	  Can	be	applied	by	backpack,	mist	blower,	or	aerial	(were	allowed)	  Can	NOT	be	applied	by	chemigation	  Main	method	of	pesticide	application	for	MA	cranberry	growers	16	oz/A	clethodim	(12.8%	a.i.)	with	NIS	at	0.25%	v/v		Broadcast	applications	(BC)	-	30	gal/A	(281	L/ha)		Chemigation	applications	(CH)	-	400+	gal/A	(3,742	L/ha)		11	treatments	1x	BC	or	CH		 roughneck	 after	bloom	 14	days	after	bloom		2	x	BC	or	CH	 roughneck	+	after	bloom	 after	bloom	+	14	days	later		untreated	control		Cranberry	fruit	was	collected	from	1	ft2	in	each	plot		  Evaluated	for	number	and	weight	of	sellable	fruit	P  	No	differences	between	any	treatment	and	untreated	control	P  No	differences	between	BC	and	Chem	plots	  Plots	visually	monitored	throughout	the	season	  No	injury		  Some	floral	deformities	in	roughneck	treatments	  Most	severe	in	Howes	  No	yield	difference	in	our	experiment	  Have	had	a	grower	report	crop	loss	from	roughneck	apps	on	Howes		  Crop	safety	for	:	  Devrinol	applications	later	in	the	season	  Chemigation	of	clethodim	 May	want	to	avoid	roughneck	applications	of	clethodim,	esp.	on	Howes	  Are	there	other	ways	to	think	outside	the	box	inside	the	box?	  Crop	safety	is	based	on	older	varieties		  There	may	be	differences	in	varietal	response	  Five	newer	large-fruited	varieties	tested	o  Crimson	Queen	o  Demoranville	o  GH#1	o  Mullica	Queen	o  Stevens	Treatment	 Rate	Ac,ve	Ingredient	Applica,on	Method	1	 Untreated	 N/A	 N/A	 N/A	2	 Callisto		-	Spot	2x	 8	oz/A	 mesotrione	 Broadcast	3	 Callisto		-	Chem	2x	 8	oz/A	 mesotrione	 Chemiga6on	4	 Casoron	 60	lbs/A	 dichlobenil	 Granular	5	 Devrinol	 18	qt/A	 napropamide	 Chemiga6on	6	 QuinStar	-	Chem	2x	 8.4	oz/A	 quinclorac	 Chemiga6on	7	 Intensity	One	 16	oz/A	 clethodim	 Broadcast	8	 Evital	(Fall)	–	2016	 80	lbs/A	 norflurazon	 Granular	9	 Evital	(Spring)	-	2017	 80	lbs/A	 norflurazon	 Granular	  No	injury	was	observed	for	any	herbicide,	except:		o  Some	Stevens’	Callisto	chemigation	plots	showed	slight	whitening	of	cranberry	tips	(treated	6/6/16)			o  No	symptoms	in	these	plots	when	retreated	6/28/16		  By	August,	Yellow	Vine	Syndrome	(YVS)	Casoron	plots	of	all	varieties		o  Damage	rated	as	being	between	minor	and	moderate	o  Stevens	most	impacted	  Evaluated	for	number	and	weight																										of	sellable	fruit	P  	No	differences	between	any	treatment	and	untreated	control	Spot-treating	at	1	to	3	oz/ft2			-	A	LOT	of	product	(2,700	–	8,100	lbs/A)		-	Some	concern	for	vine	injury	at	high	rates		Powdered	form	can	be	dissolved	in	water	  West	coast	growers	chemigate	100	lb/A	for	moss				Equipment		40	gallon	Venturi	mixing	tank		Goal	of	100	lb/A	 Only	got	out	approx.	50	lb/A	 Even	injected	over	2-3	hr	period	 Still	saw	efficacy	at	the	lower	rate	Treating	~	6	acres	x	100	lbs	=	12	bags!!!!				Iron	sulfate	does	NOT	dissolve	completely		 	Always	a	little	sludge		Mixing	in	tank	the	sludge	settles,	clogs	injector		1.  Dissolve	in	water	in	a	separate	container	  Dissolves	better	in	larger	quantities	of	water	o  50	lb	bag	into	4	5-gallon	buckets	o  Mixed,	poured	off	2.	Allow	sludge	to	settle	3.	Pour	off	liquid	into	tank	for	injection	  If	a	lot	of	sludge	in	bucket,	we	added	more	water	and	mixed	again		Sludge	can	settle	to	bottom	Dissolved	iron	sulfate	can	be	moved	into	mixing	tank	Herbicides	(5	used	in	other	food	crops)	  Greenhouse	germination	tests:	o  	dodder	seeds	o  	grass	seeds:	broomsedge	(BS),	deer-tongue	grass	(DTG),	and	little	bluestem	(LBS)	  Postemergence	greenhouse	tests:	o  Perennial	grasses	(BS,	DTG,	and	LBS)	  Postemergence	field	tests	with	herbicides	to	evaluate	control	of	dodder		 2	we	would	like	to	do	field	trials	with	next	year		2017	IR-4	trial	for	an	herbicide!	  Preemergence		  Moss,	dodder	germination,	PG	seed	germination	

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2016 Weed Research Update

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