Ballu, Aurélien

Calluaud, Damien

David, Laurent

Pineau, Gérard

English

ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

University of Massachusetts AmherstScholarWorks@UMass AmherstInternational Conference on Engineering andEcohydrology for Fish PassageInternational Conference on Engineering andEcohydrology for Fish Passage 2016Jun 21st, 4:10 PM - 4:30 PMInfluence of the presence of sills on the behavior ofbrown trouts (Salmo trutta) in an experimentalvertical slot fishwayAurélien BalluInstitut P'Gérard PineauInstitut P'Damien CalluaudInstitut P'Laurent DavidInstitut P'Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conferenceThis Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Fish Passage Community at UMass Amherst at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage by an authorized administrator ofScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.Ballu, Aurélien; Pineau, Gérard; Calluaud, Damien; and David, Laurent, "Influence of the presence of sills on the behavior of browntrouts (Salmo trutta) in an experimental vertical slot fishway" (2017). International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for FishPassage. 50.https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conference/2016/June21/50Influence of the presence of sills on the behavior of brown trouts (Salmo trutta) in an experimental vertical slot fishway.Institut P’ • UPR CNRS 3346SP2MI • Téléport 211, Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie • BP 30179F86962 FUTUROSCOPE CHASSENEUIL Cedex UPR3346-POW02Aurélien BALLU, Gérard Pineau, Damien Calluaud, Laurent Davidhttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20172French water system : ≈ 70 000 obstaclesA dam and a weir located on the Vienne river and the Creuse river near Poitiers (France)Introduction -- ContextFrom Larinier (1998)Evolution of the number of the water courses used by the Atlantic salmon in FranceIrrigationWhy ?ElectricityproductionNavigationIt could alter fish migrationshttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20173Vertical slot fishway (VSF) is a very common crossing device in France : Not very selective Wide range of headFlow : Chatellerault (France)http://www.logrami.fr Turbulent Unsteady Three-dimensionalMust be related to the swimming capacity of the fish species that have to cross the device (target species)Geometrical characteristics of a VSF pool Good adaptation to the land constraints Small sensitivity to the upstream/downstream water levelFlow directionUpstream runFlow directionIntroduction -- Contexthttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20174How to adapt the flow characteristics to the target species swimming capacity?Restore the balancebetween poolsReduce the dischargein the VSF5 pools VSF Discharge Q = 23 L/sSlot width : b = 0.075mSlope s = 7.5%  (maximum velocity Vth=1,05m/s)Pool width : B = 0.5msillPool length: L = 0.75mSills height : hs=0.075m(hs/b=1)Introduction -- PurposeSills Laboratory VSFhttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20175Without sill With sill (hs/b=1)How do the sills affect the passage of fishes through the VSF?Introduction -- PurposeRestore the balancebetween poolsReduce the dischargein the VSFsillExperimental measurements (ADV)SillsBallu (2017), phd thesisHow to adapt the flow characteristics to the target species swimming capacity?http://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20176OutlineI. Experimental setupII. ResultsConclusion- Laboratory VSF model for biological experiments- Experiments- Video monitoring- Index- Resting time- Trajectoryhttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20177Holding pensTemperaturecontrol valveCooling coilMiror for bottomviewHD cameraI. Experimental setup -- Laboratory VSF model for biological experimentshttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20178Fish species :Brown trout 9 cm (max velocity ≈ 1,07 m/s)17 cm (max velocity ≈ 1,7 m/s)2 groups of n=38 fishesBiological model1- Introduce a group of fishes in the last pool2- Keep the group of fishes in the last pool during 15min for acclimatization3- Release the fishes and record the passage in the third pool for 90min 4- Reduce the size of the last pool with a grid, for 5 min every 15min to encourage the fishes to move2 configurations : - fishway without sill- fishway with sills hs/b=1I. Experimental setup -- Experiments2 groups of n=44 fishesExperimental designhttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 20179Exemple of a video from fishexperimentationAB : pass through the poolAD : enter the pool but wash back laterCB : wash back from the upstream pool and enter againCD : wash back through the poolAE ; CE : enter the pool and stay until the end of the experimentDACBDownstreamUpstreamFlow directionEI. Experimental setup -- Video monitoringFish motion and scenariihttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201710Exemple of a video from fishexperimentation• Efficiency Index:DACBDownstreamUpstreamFlow direction %     • Activity Index : /       • Downstream Index : %     I. Experimental setup -- Video monitoring3 main indices to describe fish behaviourshttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201711Exemple of a video from fishexperimentation4 recirculation zones correspondingto resting areasThe time spent by each fish in eachresting area was measuredThe passage of fishes from zone to zone was analysed and allows the definition of fish trajectoriesI. Experimental setup -- Video monitoringResting areas and fish trajectorieshttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201712Significant reduction of efficiency(-10%, two sample t test, t=2,1, p=0,049)Exemple of upstream failureStatistical tests were chosen depending on the number of samples, thevariance homogeneity and the normal distribution of the samples.creation of a trapping area behind the sillII. Results -- Index Statistical data analysesInfluence of sills on the efficiency indexEfficiency(%)Without sill With sills05101520253035404550http://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201713Sills tend to reduce the ActivityIndexSills do not affect significantlythe downstream indexII. Results -- Index Influence of sills on the activity and downstream indexActivity Index (mov/ind)Without sill With sills0123456789101112131415Without sill With sillsDownstreamIndex (%)0102030405060708090100http://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201714The presence of sills changes the fish resting time in zone 2, due to themodification of the mean flow pattern.II. Results -- Resting timeInfluence of sills on the fish resting time in each resting zoneTime (s)Time (s)Results for bigger fishes (length ≈ 17cm)Without sill With sills05101520253035404550 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4Results for smaller fishes (length ≈ 9cm)Without sill With sills020406080100120140160180200  Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4http://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201715Without sill With sillsDue to the curvature of the jet in the pool the fishes are mainly directed in thezone 1 (+90%)About 7% of the fishes exit the pool just after enteringThe behaviour of the fishes when entering in the pool is independant from thetested configuration (with or without sills)II. Results -- TrajectoryWhere are going the fishes when arriving in the pool from downstream?http://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201716The fishes position themselves parallel to the incoming jet to leave the poolAbout 70% of the fishes use the zone 1 to exit the pool and 30% use the zone 2,regardless the tested configuration (with or without sills)Without sill With sillsII. Results -- TrajectoryWhere do the fishes come from when exiting the pool upstream?http://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201717The insertion of sills in the bottom of the slots of a VSF creates amean flow pattern that is less favourable for fishesBiological experiments (in laboratory conditions) show that for aspecific fish species (the brown trout) :- sills reduce the efficiency of VSF by the creation of a trappingarea downstream the sills- sills modify the fish resting time in zone 2 due to themodification of the mean flow pattern- Sills do not significantly affect the fish trajectories in themeasurement poolConclusionhttp://www.pprime.fr/recherche-scientifique/d2/hydee 21/06/2017 – Fish passage 201718THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTIONThanks for the financial support :

Influence of the presence of sills on the behavior of brown trouts (Salmo trutta) in an experimental vertical slot fishway

https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2196&amp;context=fishpassage_conference

Influence of the presence of sills on the behavior of brown trouts (Salmo trutta) in an experimental vertical slot fishway

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