Chin, Andrew T.M.

Cormier, Roland

Fortin, Marie-Josée

Godin, Carol

English

ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

Determining potential functional connectivity of fish species with various life history traits

University of Massachusetts AmherstScholarWorks@UMass AmherstInternational Conference on Engineering andEcohydrology for Fish PassageInternational Conference on Engineering andEcohydrology for Fish Passage 2017Jun 21st, 2:30 PM - 2:50 PMDetermining potential functional connectivity offish species with various life history traitsAndrew T.M. ChinUniversity of TorontoMarie-Josée FortinUniversity of TorontoCarol GodinFisheries and Oceans CanadaRoland CormierHelmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conferenceThis Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Fish Passage Community at UMass Amherst at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage by an authorized administrator ofScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.Chin, Andrew T.M.; Fortin, Marie-Josée; Godin, Carol; and Cormier, Roland, "Determining potential functional connectivity of fishspecies with various life history traits" (2017). International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage. 5.https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conference/2017/June21/5Photo: Andrew ChinDetermining potential functional connectivity of fish species with various life history traitsAndrew T.M. Chin1,, Marie-Josée Fortin1, Carol Godin2, Roland Cormier31 University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada2 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Moncton, Canada3 Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germanyatm.chin@mail.utoronto.caIntro Stream FragmentationESRI Imagery 23Intro Migratory FishDiadromous species require both freshwater and marine habitat to complete lifecycle(e.g., Atlantic salmon)EstuaryHeadwatersPhotos: Gary Tyson; BBCwatershedCool-water habitat4Intro Non-Migratory FishNon-diadromous species remain in freshwaterEstuaryHeadwatersPhotos: Gary Tyson; BBCwatershedCool-water habitat(e.g., Ninespine Stickleback)5Intro Stream Fragmentation and ConnectivityEstuaryHeadwatersFunctional Connectivity species ability to disperse throughthe landscapeCool-water habitatPhotos: Andrew ChinwatershedComplete passabilityModeratepassabilityLowpassabilityQuestionDo culverts differently affect the potential functional connectivity of diadromous and non-diadromous species?7Intro HypothesisEstuaryHeadwaterStream fragmentation(Number of culverts)Migratory behaviourDiadromous Non-diadromousLowSwimming abilityHighPotentialfunctionalconnectivityStrong WeakWeak swimming diadromous species are most adversely affected by stream fragmentationStream8Study AreaMethodsFisheries and Oceans CanadaLocated culverts upstream from mouth of estuaries (2006-2008)Culverts surveyed • Length• Diameter• Slope• Drop height• Material25 species in 3 watersheds9Study AreaMethodsFisheries and Oceans CanadaLocated culverts upstream from mouth of estuaries (2006-2008)Culverts surveyed • Length• Diameter• Slope• Drop height• Material25 species in 3 watersheds10Richibucto estuary11Study Area: RichibuctoMethodsRichibucto (119 culverts)198 km2143 road crossings= 83.2% culverts11010010001 2 3 4 5Total numberStrahler orderSegments Culverts12Study Area: ShediacMethodsShediac (30 culverts)221 km2107 road crossings= 28.0% culverts11010010001 2 3 4 5Total numberStrahler orderSegments Culverts13Study Area: ScoudoucMethodsScoudouc (10 culverts)144 km271 road crossings= 14.1% culverts1101001 2 3 4Total numberStrahler orderSegments CulvertsUse morphological traits to imply the swimming strength 14MethodsMorphometricsTotal lengthPhoto: Andrew ChinAdult fish length MethodsSwimming Strength15Weaker Swimmer = Lower ConnectivityStronger Swimmer = Higher ConnectivityFourspine SticklebackNorthern Redbelly DaceNinespine Stickleback*Fathead MinnowFinescale DaceThreespine Stickleback*Slimy SculpinBlacknose DaceBanded KillifishCentral MudminnowMummichogPearl DaceCommon ShinerLake ChubCreek ChubAmerican Eel*Sea Lamprey*Rainbow Smelt*Atlantic TomcodAlewife*Striped Bass*American Shad*Brook Trout*Atlantic Salmon*White Perch*diadromousMethodsFocal Species16Ninespine Stickleback(Pungitius pungitius)Fourspine Stickleback(Apeltes quadracus)Alewife(Alosa pseudoharengus)American Shad(Alosa sapidissima)NON-DIADROMOUS17MethodsPassabilityDrop heightTotal length½ total lengthFor each culvert, it is impassable if half the total length of the species is less than the drop height18MethodsConnectivity IndexEstuaryHeadwater100%100%1. Bridge50%70%2. Culvert3. Dam 0%0%American Shad(strong swimmer)Stickleback(weak swimmer)Each particular obstacle (e.g., road culvert, bridge, etc.) will have a different probability of passage• Dendritic Connectivity Index (DCI) (Cote et al. 2009)19MethodsPotential Connectivity Index20MethodsPotential Connectivity Index21Results High fragmentationAmerican Shad DCID = 74.28Alewife DCID = 69.69UpstreamRichibucto (n = 119 culverts)22Results High fragmentationNinespine Stickleback       DCIP = 45.45 Fourspine Stickleback DCID = 65.62UpstreamRichibucto (n = 119 culverts)23Results Moderate fragmentationAmerican Shad DCID = 75.18Alewife DCID = 69.69Shediac (n = 30 culverts)Upstream24Results Moderate fragmentationNinespine Stickleback       DCIP = 47.00 Fourspine Stickleback DCID = 66.54UpstreamShediac (n = 30 culverts)25Results Low fragmentationAmerican Shad         DCID = 93.22Alewife DCID = 92.70UpstreamScoudouc (n = 10 culverts)26Results Low fragmentationNinespine Stickleback     DCIP = 85.37 Fourspine Stickleback     DCID = 92.17Shediac (n = 10 culverts)Upstream27Results Connectivity within streamsAlewife FourspineSticklebackAmericanShadNinespineSticklebackAlewife FourspineSticklebackAmericanShadNinespineSticklebackAlewife FourspineSticklebackAmericanShadNinespineStickleback28Next stepsSensitivity Analysis(Rayfield et al., 2010)Varying cost values for obstaclesSensitivity analysis of fish passage: • species traits• culvert features EstuaryHeadwater90-100%100%1. Bridge30-50%50-70%2. Culvert3. Culvert 0-20%20 -40%American Shad(strong swimmer)Stickleback(weak swimmer)Significance29• Morphological trait-based analysis is a surrogate for functional connectivity • Species-based approach is necessary to consider for functional connectivity and species persistence in stream networks• Sensitivity analysis of passage will provide insights on which combination of species traits and culvert features affect potential functional connectivity• Findings will inform policy and managementAcknowledgementsSupervisorMarie-Josée FortinPhD CommitteeDonald JacksonKeith SomersFortin’s LE LabJackson LabEcoriskRoland CormierFisheries Oceans CanadaCarole GodinCNAESEmail: atm.chin@mail.utoronto.ca31MethodsPotential Connectivity IndexCij : connectivityM : number of barriers   : upstream passability   : downstream passability32MethodsPotential Connectivity Index                           Cij : connectivity between segment i and jL : total length of all segmentsl : length of segment between i and 

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Determining potential functional connectivity of fish species with various life history traits

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