Janardhan, Dr. Anu

M, Dr. Kishor

English

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Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine Volume 3 Issue 2 Article 11 1-1-2021 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Dr. Anu Janardhan JSS AHER Dr. Kishor M JSS AHER Follow this and additional works at: https://rescon.jssuni.edu.in/djcm  Part of the Dentistry Commons, Health Policy Commons, Medical Education Commons, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons, and the Public Health Education and Promotion Commons Recommended Citation Janardhan, Dr. Anu and M, Dr. Kishor (2021) "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder," Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine: Vol. 3: Iss. 2, Article 11. This Case Report is brought to you for free and open access by Research Connect. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine by an authorized editor of Research Connect. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  Dr. Anu Janardhan Dr. Kishor. M, JSS Medical College, JSS AHER, Mysuru   CLINICAL HISTORY A 6-year-old boy, resident of an urban area, studying in 1st standard, from a nuclear family, with an elder sister, belonging to lower socioeconomic status presented to the psychiatry OPD with his  mother, with difficulty to sit at one place, difficulty to focus, and increased irritability since 1 year. The mother reported that the teachers complained of the boy who could not wait for his turn in school and was constantly switching between tasks. Teachers also complained about his distractibility, as he would do different tasks before completing the one at hand. He has often forgotten his belongings at school. He grabs anything in his vicinity and tends to destroy those items not realizing the consequences. He has been increasingly demanding and throws tantrums if his demands are not met immediately. He has also had physical altercations with other children of his age group and even a few who are older than him. The child was born by a full-term cesarean section. He was admitted to neonatal care a few days post-birth due to respiratory difficulties, and difficulty in feeding. But, there was a delay in milestones reported – the mother reports that the child started walking at the age of 2 years. Pediatrician evaluation found no abnormality except obesity. Negative History: No history of any nail biting, thumb sucking, bed wetting, head banging or any self harm. EXAMINATION AND INVESTIGATION  1Janardhan and M: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderPublished by Research Connect, 2021General physical examination: The boy was well built, adequately nourished, conscious, oriented to time, place, and person. Not easily cooperative. Vitals: Within Normal Limits Height: 127cm     Weight: 35kg BMI: 21.7kg/sq.m Systemic examination: CNS- normal motor and sensory system, reflexes elicited normally CVS- Normal S1 S2 heart sounds heard. No murmurs heard. RS- Bilateral normal vesicular breath sounds heard GI- Soft, non tender abdomen. No organomegaly. Normal Bowel sounds heard. Diagnostic Test of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(DT-ADHD) was done and the scoring suggested a severe deficit in attention, severe hyperactivity, and severe impulsivity, and the overall scoring suggested Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. DIAGNOSIS Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) WHO ICD10 Criteria: F90.2, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type For a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, an individual must exhibit six or more symptoms of one of the types of ADHD and also meet each of the following three criteria: 2Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 3 [2021], Iss. 2, Art. 11https://rescon.jssuni.edu.in/djcm/vol3/iss2/11DOI: –The symptoms caused problems before the age of 7. The behavior is abnormal for a non-ADHD child of the same age. The symptoms have lasted longer than six months, and they impair school, work, home life, or relationships in more than one setting. Differential diagnosis: Hyperkinesia Hyperkinetic syndrome Conduct disorders Simple disturbances of activity and attention DISCUSSION: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder of childhood that mainly affects the attention, concentration, impulsivity, and activity of the affected children. It affects less than 5% of children but some studies range 8-20% of children in India, mainly in the primary school-going age group(1). If untreated, ADHD affects various domains of an individual’s life such as academic difficulties, quality of life,  difficulties in the social domains like negative peer status, family functioning (relationship with parents/spouse), unintentional injury, and even substance use disorders (2). The most common treatment modalities include pharmacological agents, mainly stimulants methylphenidate and modafinil. Non-pharmacological interventions like intensive behavioral modification treatments are found to benefit ADHD in childhood. Other psychotherapies which are beneficial in all age groups of ADHD affected are attention enhancing tasks, cognitive-behavioral treatment (3). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: None  3Janardhan and M: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderPublished by Research Connect, 2021REFERENCES: 1. Manjunath R, Kishor M, Kulkarni P, Shrinivasa BM, Sathyamurthy S. Magnitude of attention deficit hyper kinetic disorder among school children of Mysore city. International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal. 2016:1-7. DOI:10.9734/INDJ/2016/21954 2. Barkley RA. Global issues related to the impact of untreated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from childhood to young adulthood. Postgraduate Medicine. 2008 Jan 1;120(3):48-59. DOI:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1907  3. Caye A, Swanson JM, Coghill D, Rohde LA. Treatment strategies for ADHD: an evidence-based guide to select optimal treatment. Molecular Psychiatry, 390–408(2019)  4Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 3 [2021], Iss. 2, Art. 11https://rescon.jssuni.edu.in/djcm/vol3/iss2/11DOI: –

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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