The article theoretically substantiates the importance of intellectual labor to improve the competitiveness of the economic system of the country, identifies practical problems of the Republic of Belarus in this direction, offers measures to solve them

Knap, M.

Zenkova, I.

Digital Library of Polotsk State University (Репозиторий Полоцкого государственного университета)

ELECTRONIC COLLECTED MATERIALS OF X JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE             2018 Economics  125UDC 330.342  INTELLECTUAL PROFILE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND ITS POTENTIAL  IN THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS RATING   MARIA KNAP, INGA ZENKOVA Polotsk State University, Belarus  The article theoretically substantiates the importance of intellectual labor to improve the competitiveness of the economic system of the country, identifies practical problems of the Republic of Belarus in this direction, offers measures to solve them.  The global Competitiveness index (The Global Competitiveness Index) is a global study that accompanies its ranking of countries in terms of economic competitiveness. It is based on the methodology of the world economic forum, which defines national competitiveness as the ability of the country and its institutions to ensure stable rates of economic growth, which would be stable in the medium term. Representatives of the world economic forum point out that the competitiveness of national economies is determined by numerous and very diverse factors. The study presents two indices on the basis of which country rankings are compiled: the global Competitiveness index (GCI) and the business competitiveness index (BCI). The global competitiveness index is made up of 113 variables that characterize in detail the competitiveness of the countries of the world at different levels of economic development [1]. This index shows how favorable the climate in the Republic of Belarus is for investment and development of economic relations, which will contribute to increasing productivity, attracting highly qualified personnel, as well as the introduction of innovations.  According to the global competitiveness index, the Republic of Belarus in 2015-2016 occupied 87th place, with every year the performance of the country improved and in 2016-2017 Belarus was 84. [2].  All variables of the global competition index are combined into 12 benchmarks that determine national competitiveness, which include such important indicators as higher education, vocational training and labour market efficiency [1].  In order to increase its rating and improve the performance of Belarus, it is necessary to introduce innovations, thereby improving the economic situation and the climate to attract investment both domestic and foreign, as well as to develop the intellectual component of the country. In the Republic of Belarus, the processes of optimization of the number of labor resources at all levels of the economy, taking into account the proportions of the distribution of labor resources by spheres of socially useful activity, compliance of the professional and qualification structure of labor resources with the structure of jobs become particularly relevant.  In accordance with the "Basic provisions of the national strategy for sustainable socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2020" (approved By the national Commission for sustainable development of the Republic of Belarus (Protocol № 11/15 PR of may 6, 2004) and the Presidium of the CM of the Republic of Belarus (Protocol № 25 of June 22, 2004), the first stage (until 2020) provides to increase the competitiveness of the national economy, primarily by improving the use of factorial conditions (natural and labor resources, scientific, technical and innovative potentials)., production and social infrastructure) [3]. The intellectual profile in the Republic of Belarus occupies an important place. In order to assess the dynamics of the use of intellectual labor of the country it is necessary to consider the performance of organizations that are engaged in scientific activities (table. 1). Based on the data presented in table 1, it appears that the number of organizations engaged in research and development decreased in 2016 compared to 2013, therefore, the number of employees employed in this field. But with these indicators increased internal costs and the amount of scientific and technical work.  Thus, the effect of increasing the cost of education can be reduced due to the inefficiency of the labor market, other shortcomings of the institutional structure and, as a consequence, the lack of opportunities for graduates to be appropriately employed [1].  As a priority the development of a country is determined by the technological development of sectors of the economy and its restructuring through the creation of high-tech industries, is able to offer fundamentally new types of goods (services). ELECTRONIC COLLECTED MATERIALS OF X JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE             2018 Economics  126The main task is related to the creation of a competitive knowledge-based, resource-saving economy in the world market by identifying promising "technological corridors" for the economy: it is necessary to accelerate the construction of an effective national innovation system, to make maximum use of the existing conditions for the integration of science, education, production, formation of market incentives to increase the innovative activity of business entities and the innovation market.  Table 1 – Basic indicators of organizations activity engaged in research and development.  2013 2014 2015 2016 Number of organizations that carried out research and development, units 482 457 439 431 The list number of the workers who were carrying out research and development, the person 28937 27208 26153 25942 Including those who have a degree:     doctor of science 704 672 649 631 candidate of Sciences 2974 2896 2844 2841 including researchers 18353 17372 16953 16879 Internal costs for research and development, billion rubles. 4372,3 4073,1 4495,4 475,33) The volume of scientific and technical works performed, billion rubles. 5651,3 4994,1 5443,2 596,63) Source: [4].  In order to overcome the negative trends in the development of science and technology in recent years, it is necessary to ensure faster growth of the human resources potential of science, a significant increase in funding for research and development from the budget and own funds of organizations [5].  In order to improve its position and strengthen its position, the Republic of Belarus is developing programs for the development and development of the country. Such programs include: the program of innovative development of the Republic of Belarus for 2016-2020, "the Main provisions of the national strategy for sustainable socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2020", etc. Proposals to address the problem.  In order to implement the concepts of state development, it is necessary to eliminate contradictions in the implementation of state programs and strategies aimed at the development of the Republic of Belarus. We believe that in order to improve the competitiveness of the Republic of Belarus, the state needs to improve the legal framework, thereby improving the investment climate of the country. It is also necessary to pay due attention to the field of education: training of highly qualified specialists focused not only on theoretical knowledge, but also, to a greater extent, on practical.  In our view, more attention should be paid to the role of innovation and education, as they are important elements of the modern economy. Each highly developed country understands that without innovations and highly qualified personnel it is not possible to produce goods (services). Using all the opportunities associated with the introduction of innovations, the company will be able not only to achieve ELECTRONIC COLLECTED MATERIALS OF X JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE             2018 Economics  127better product quality, but also to increase the export of their goods, thereby increasing both their well-being and the welfare of the country.  REFERENCES  1. Индекс глобальной конкурентоспособности [Электронный ресурс] // Аналитический портал. – Режим доступа: http://gtmarket.ru/ratings/global-competitiveness-index/info. – Дата доступа: 04.02.2018. 2. Конкурентоспоосбность-2017 [Электронный ресурс] // Научно-исследовательский центр Мизеса. – Режим доступа: http://liberty-belarus.info/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3669:konkurentosposobnost-2017&Itemid=43. – Дата доступа: 04.02.2018 3. Зенькова, И.В. Дифференцированный баланс трудовых ресурсов и рабочих мест как инструмент социально - экономических исследований / И.В. Зенькова // МИУ. – Минск, 2007. – 12 с. 4. Основные показатели деятельности организаций, выполняющих научные исследования и разработки [Электронный ресурс] // Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь. –  Режим доступа: http://www.belstat.gov.by/. – Дата доступа: 04.02.2018. 5. Кнап, М.С. Роль инноваций в повышении конкурентоспособности Республики Беларусь в условиях интеграции в ВТО / М.С. Кнап. // Электронный сборник трудов молодых специалистов Полоцкого Государственного университета. – 2017. – № 16(86). – С. 62–64.                                       

Intellectual Profile of the Republic of Belarus and its Potential in the Global Competitiveness Rating

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Intellectual Profile of the Republic of Belarus and its Potential in the Global Competitiveness Rating

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