This article provides an overview of the research in the area of motivation and activation of the unemployed and analyses work incentives for the unemployed applied in individual OECD and EU countries. In addition, the article provides the analysis of macro-level financial aspects of motivation to work in Lithuania and micro-level findings of a survey of persons registered with the Lithuanian Labour Exchange. It was found out that, in relative terms, employees should be interested in taking up low-paid jobs, but the low wage level does not ensure a decent living in reality. As a result, a relatively high portion of employees prefer undeclared work and social benefits to official employment. Findings of the survey of persons registered with the Lithuanian Labour Exchange have showed that satisfactory pay level is the strongest factor motivating persons to enter the labour market

Benazzouz, I.

Chemsi, Z.

Matech, F.

Moustarhfer, K.

Saber, N.

Zaakour, F.

European Scientific Journal ESJ

English

The goal of the current study was to develop and validate the Community Integration Scale for Adults with Psychiatric Problems (CISAPP), based on a multidimensional model of community integration. The three-dimensional structure (including physical, psychological, and social dimensions) and validity of CIS-APP was studied in a sample of 183 psychiatric patients from the Azores Islands-Portugal. Confirmatory Factor Analysis has led to the choice of a two-factor with a second order factor solution. Results showed that the CIS-APP is a measure with good psychometric properties, with very good internal consistency and validity, and with relevant applicability in both clinical and research settings. Furthermore, the current outcomes have brought relevant information concerning the refinement of the theoretical community integration model that underlies the scale’s development

Cabral, Joana Moura

Carvalho, Célia Maria Oliveira Barreto

da Motta, Carolina Dall’Antonia

da Silva, Osvaldo Dias Lopes

European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)

DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE COMMUNITY INTEGRATION SCALE OF ADULTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

This article describes the findings of a qualitative study that examines the influence that positive role models in recovery from drug addiction had on a sample of 20 African-American male addicts. This article explains the effect of stigma and shame on drug addicts. It provides insight and understanding of what deters them from disclosing their drug use and seeking treatment, and explains the positive influence that recovering role models had on the addicts in this study in their decision to stop using drugs. These findings provide an insider perspective of drug addiction, and increase our knowledge of how to more effectively engage drug addicts. Data was collected using one-time taped interviews with 20 African-American male drug addicts. The findings suggest: (1) drug treatment was often perceived as ineffective, a last resort, or as punishment for addicts' behavior; (2) many respondents feared being stigmatized and shamed once they disclosed their drug use; (3) most reported having difficulty imagining their lives as different following treatment; (4) the strongest influence participants' reported was of former addicts acting as positive role models who engaged participants in a safe, non-judging manner around stopping their drug use. By exploring this topic we learned how this sample interpreted “entering treatment,” the barriers they encountered, and what influenced their decisionmaking process regarding treatment. This study helps recognize the benefits of using former drug addicts as role models to do outreach with active addicts due to their ability to understand and relate to this population

DiReda, James S.

THE IMPACT OF ROLE MODELS ON OUT OF TREATMENT AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADDICTS: AN INSIDE PERSPECTIVE

Addiction to psycho-active substances in general, and to tobacco in particular constitutes a serious problem of public health due to which it is important to elaborate and execute effective programs in their preventive purpose. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of a psycho-social program of prevention against tobacco to teenagers in school medium in Cheikh Elhaded High School of Amizour – Béjaia (Algeria). The results have proved the effectiveness of the preventive program where the study has shown differences statistically significant between the results of the previous test and the following test: these results are not due to hazard but to the preventive program proposed by the searcher. The research hypotheses have been confirmed

Wahiba, Hatem

European Scientific Journal, ESJ

LA PREVENTION SECONDAIRE DE L’ADDICTION AU TABAC CHEZ LES ADOLESCENTS EN MILIEU SCOLAIRE AU LYCEE CHIEKH ELHADED D’AMIZOURBEJAIA (ALGERIE)

The concern of this paper is that traditional ethics is the ethics that can lead to peace and unity in Nigeria. The paper argues that this ethics is born out of African ontology which is community-oriented and looks beyond the individual to the community. It posits that this ethics is not distinct from morality and religion: it is an ethics that is lived as well as professed. This ethics holds that immorality brings immediate punishment meted not only on the individual but the entire community. Hence, it is an ethics of fear-fear of the anger of the spiritual world and beings. It also holds that immorality brings shame to the individual as well as those that he/she is connected to. Therefore, the paper asserts that if this ethics is revitalized in the Nigerian society, it will be a morally upright society as well as a socially ordered society with peace and tranquility

Ekeopara, Chike Augustine

Ogbonnaya, Lucky Uchenna

TRADITIONAL ETHICS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF SOCIAL ORDER IN THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY

The people, who switch code, are divided on the basis of their intrinsic or extrinsic motivational scores. This division helps in recognizing the direct agents of language change. It also helps in identifying people’s behavior towards language on the basis of their motivational pattern.30 intrinsically and extrinsically motivated people of society of age from 15 to 40 years are selected through convenient sampling. Their motivation level is estimated through a specifically designed questionnaire. Along with Facebook data a questionnaire has served the purpose of measuring the participants’ motivation level. To co-relate these two variables of motivation and code switching, the scores were compared and co-relational coefficient was calculated. The results show that higher level of motivation; extrinsic or intrinsic shows least Code switching as correlation was found in both groups. Further examination revealed that intrinsically motivated participants show uniform behavior of least code switching and more use of English with the higher score of motivation whereas in extrinsically motivated group this trend is not clear as there are participants who exhibit varied responses. The participants who are motivated in both ways who have no clear distinctive motivational behavior are usually undecided and they do more code switching. Moreover female participants are more intrinsically motivated than male participants. The co-relational coefficient shows that the study was successful in finding a relation between the two variables

Sohail, Rabia

Malik, Nazir Ahmed

CO-RELATIONAL STUDY OF THE EXTENT OF INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO CODE SWITCHING ON FACEBOOK

European policies for active and healthy aging aims to raise awareness of the contribution of older people to society. Their social role is significantly related to participation, or not, to work and production systems

Clemente, Carmine

LE ROLE SOCIAL DES PERSONNES AGEES AU DEBUT DU XXIe SIECLE

This article presents the results of a phytosociological study bearing on the floristic diversity of a few stations in the North West of Algeria. The latter is carried out on the basis of statistical analysis of 90 identifies a particular attention is paid to climatic and soil conditions.The results show that the osmotic pressure of the soil solution where a specific ion toxicity can lead to the formation of particular landscapes

Benabdelmoumene, Fatna

Benabadji, Noury

Benchenafi, Souhila

Benmensour, Djamel

RESEARCH OF THE ECO-FLORISTIC DATA INTO THE CONTRIBUTION OF GROUPS TO HALOPHYTE, HAMMAM BOUGHRARA AREA WEST ALGERIA

French

Tourism is the set of trips for pleasure, for professional or commercial reasons, that tourism is the travel and stay engaged people in different places outside their usual environment, for a specified period. This results in spaces where tourists can stay at the time of your stay, this is where the hotels providing accommodation services arise. One of the main problems encountered in the hospitality organizations in Puerto Vallarta, is the lack of intervention actions to help achieve improvements and increases in productivity through climate studies in organizations.The University Center of the coast in order to identify the elements of internal communication and productivity in business and how these affect the productivity of the employees of all levels took place. This research is not Experimental or Ex-post facto type because such research observes the phenomena as they occur in their natural context

Ramos, Cristhell Abigail Díaz

Bizarrón, Manuel Ernesto Becerra

Lugo, Alma Azucena Enríquez

ESTUDIO DE LA COMUNICACIÓN INTERNA EN LA INDUSTRIA HOTELERA DE PUERTO VALLARTA JALISCO

Global warming, the increase in the temperature of the earth's neonsurface air, is the greatest challenge the world is confronting with and world grave concern for earth's all living creations. Every nation, including large &amp; small, wealthy &amp; poor, developed &amp; developing, is under the impact of the ravage. Since 2009 global average surface temperature has been increasing by 0.6°C every year and the acceleration is even being faster gradually. It has been indicated that by the end of 21th century world's average surface temperature will increase by 2.4-6.4°C, might exceed the earth's ability to adapt. The potential consequences of global warming will be devastative, such as rising sea level, increased occurrence of severe weather events, changing pattern of diseases, more frequent of wildfire &amp; drought, severe food &amp; water shortage and lose of tropical forests and many species. The effect of global warming is already in earth and having significant &amp; costly consequences on our climate, our health and our environment. Acceleration of earth atmosphere's greenhouse gas (GHG) which includes CH4, CO2, CO, N2O emitted through fossil fuel combustion and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill are responsible for this. On the other hand, there are huge shortage of energy in developing countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan where energy shortage is hindering the financial growth, investment opportunities and employment creation and increasing social depression, poverty &amp; illiteracy rate. In addition, 1.3 billion of the world population that is about 20% of the total population still out of the electricity supply facilities and an overwhelming of 2.5 billion people that is around 43% of the total population still rely on biomass as their every day's cooking fuel, causing household air pollution, many diseases, massive escalation of deforestation &amp; global climate changes. Changing pattern of energy, for example, carbon neutral or carbon negative, easy accessible &amp; cheap sources of energy only can confront the challenges the world is facing today with global warming, global climate changes and rapidly growing energy demand. Waste to energy (WTE) as a green &amp; cheap source of energy could be a viable alternative

Hossain, Nazmul

Ivanova, T.B

WASTE TO ENERGY (WTE) TO SAVE THE GREEN PLANET

http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/4435/4232

ENHANCING MOTIVATION TO WORK IN UNEMPLOYED PERSONS: LITHUANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF EU

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European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)

European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)

European Scientific Journal, ESJ

European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)

European Scientific Journal, ESJ

European Scientific Journal, ESJ

European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)

European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)

European Scientific Journal, ESJ

European Scientific Journal, ESJ