The article describe the study of corrosive firmness of composition materials on the basis of copper, obtained by EB-PVD method. Corrosive firmness of condensates was explored by gravimetric method. The especially decreasing of the corrosive stability is definite during concentration of molybdenum about 12 %. Chemical composition of condensates showed that in the stationary terms of receipt of materials, their chemical composition is heterogeneous on a thickness. The structure of condensate has the expressly expressed macro-laminated character, the size of layers hesitates from a few ten microns of the to several hundred

L. ORAC

V. A. DENISENKO

V. G. GRECHANYUK

The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle IX Metallurgy and Materials Science

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FO N D ATĂ
19 76
 
 
THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI. 
FASCICLE IX. METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 
N0. 1 – 2007, ISSN 1453 – 083X 
 
 
 
 
STRUCTURE AND CORROSIVE FIRMNESS OF  
COMPOSITION MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF COPPER  
AND MOLYBDENUM GOT METHOD  
ELEKTRON-BEAM TECHNOLOGY 
 
V.G. GRECHANYUk1, V.A. DENISENKO1, L.ORAC2 
1 Kiev National University of Building and Architecture Ukraine, Kiev,  
2 “Dunarea de Jos “ University of Galati 
e-mail: gekont@ukr.net 
 
ABSTRACT 
 
The article describe the study of corrosive firmness of composition materials 
on the basis of copper, obtained by EB-PVD method. Corrosive firmness of 
condensates was explored by gravimetric method.  The especially decreasing of the 
corrosive stability is definite during concentration of molybdenum about 12 % . 
Chemical composition of condensates showed that in the stationary terms of receipt 
of materials, their chemical composition is heterogeneous on a thickness. The 
structure of condensate has the expressly expressed macro-laminated character, the 
size of layers hesitates from a few ten microns of the to several hundred. 
 
KEYWORDS: composite materials, EB-PVD, corrosive stability. 
 
1. Introduction 
 
Lately wide application for making of electric 
contacts was found by the condensed from a steam 
phase composition materials Cu-Mo-Zr-Y.  
The indicated materials with concentration of 
molybdenum to 12 % mass. are used in the contacts 
of alternating and permanent currents by force to  
1000 A. Attempts to get similar materials  with 
greater concentration of molybdenum  on revolved  at 
a speed of 38  turns in a minute on substrate at the 
temperature of besieging  700 ± 30 оС success was 
not had.  
In such condensates there was friable 
destruction in the process of deposition.  
In also time the receipt of the condensed 
materials is of interest on the basis of copper and 
molybdenum with greater concentration of 
molybdenum and expansion of possibilities of 
application of these compositions in the range of 
currents over 1000А.  
 
2. Experimental 
 
The composition materials Cu-Mo were got on 
stationary substrate made from carbon steel, 
measuring 250х220х10 mm at the temperature 900 ± 
30oC method of electron-beam evaporation and 
subsequent condensation in a vacuum on a 
technological scheme, presented on the fig. 1.  
Fig. 1. Scheme of receipt of the composition 
materials Cu-Mo: 1 – working chamber;  
2 – gun chamber; 3 - 6 – EB heaters;  
7 – substrate rotation rod; 8, 9 – crucibles for 
evaporation of copper and molybdenum, 
respectively; 10, 11 – ingots for evaporation;  
12, 13 – mechanisms for feeding ingots into 
evaporation zone; 14 – disc-substrate;  
15 – substrate rotation mechanism. 
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THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI. 
FASCICLE IX. METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 
N0. 1 – 2007, ISSN 1453 – 083X 
 
 
The presented technological scheme allowed to 
form the condensed compositions with a gradient for 
concentrations of molybdenum from 0 to 32.5% 
mass. (basis copper).  
The study of chemical composition of 
condensates showed that in the stationary terms of 
receipt of materials, their chemical composition is 
heterogeneous on a thickness (fig.2).  
 
 
 
Spectrum Cu Mo Total 
Spectrum 2 87,57 12,43 100 
Spectrum 3 96,19 3,81 100 
Spectrum 4 86,96 13,04 100 
Spectrum 5 79,76 20,24 100 
Spectrum 6 81,82 18,18 100 
Spectrum 7 84,02 15,98 100 
 
Fig.2. Chemical composition on the thickness of condensate 
 
Neutralized chemical composition on the 
thickness of condensate shows concentration of 
molybdenum 12.43% mass. In also time, distribution 
of components on separate areas on the thickness of 
condensate has a heterogeneous character and 
hesitates from 3.81 to 20.24 % mass. The data 
resulted on fig.3 testify to heterogeneity of 
distributing of components.    
 
 
Cu 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mo 
 
Fig. 3. Distribution of components on the thickness of condensate 
 
3. Results and discussions 
 
The analysis of distributing of components in 
area of minimum maintenance of molybdenum shows 
that there is heterogeneity on a molybdenum even in a 
relatively narrow region, so on a depth a 50 μm 
heterogeneity hesitates from 0.11 to 3.89 % mass. 
Molybdenum.  
The structure of condensate has the expressly 
expressed macro-laminated character. The size of 
layers hesitates from a few ten microns of the to 
several hundred. Interface of macro-layers clear 
without the visible distortion conditioned by the 
roughness of substrate (fig.2). In also time of micro-
lamination, discovered before in the condensed 
materials got on revolved substrate, is not exposed.   
Increase of concentration of molybdenum on the 
neutralized chemical analysis from 12.43 to 40.36 % 
mass. direct substantial change of macrostructure of 
condensate (fig.4).  
Interface between macro-layers has a wavy 
character.  
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THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI. 
FASCICLE IX. METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 
N0. 1 – 2007, ISSN 1453 – 083X 
 
 
The level of heterogeneity of distribution of 
molybdenum and copper in macro-layers is increased. 
The character of distribution of components is 
presented on the fig. 5.  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mo 
 
Cu 
Fig.4. Structure of condensate with the raised 
content of molybdenum 
Fig.5. Distribution of components on the 
thickness of condensate 
 
For regions with the maximal content Mo 
(fig.6) the unclear expressed columnar with 
predominating content of molybdenum (the light 
field) and promoted concentration of copper (the dark 
field). 
Fig.6. Distribution of components in a region 
with maximum content of molybdenum 
 
Corrosive firmness of condensates was 
explored by gravimetric method. Samples by an area 
100 mm2 after preliminary treatment placed on 
corrosive agent (water) on 100 hours. The control 
after the change of mass of samples was carried out in 
every 20 hours. Researches were conducted in the 
static mode in the distilled water. Gravimetric 
researches complemented by determination of 
composition of corrosive environment before and 
after conducting of corrosive tests, and also 
electronic-microscopic researches. 
 
a. 
 
b. 
 
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THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI. 
FASCICLE IX. METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 
N0. 1 – 2007, ISSN 1453 – 083X 
 
 
c. 
 
Fig.7. The electronic-microscopic researches of 
condensate after the corrosive testing 
 
The electronic-microscopic researches of 
condensate, conducted after the corrosive testing, 
showed that at small concentrations of molybdenum 
destruction of surface of samples is practically absent 
(fig.7, a), and is observed only on areas, on which are 
present the defects of structure (fig.7 b, c), caused by 
a technological process.  
At the increase of concentration of 
molybdenum destruction of surface is increased and 
on separate areas can achieve at 20 μm (fig.7, c). 
 
 
 
4. Conclusions 
 
1.  The rise of temperature of substrate with 
700 oС to 900 oС during joint condensation of copper 
and molybdenum on stationary substrate allows to get 
the condensed material on the basis of copper and 
molybdenum with the promoted content of 
molybdenum. 
2. For condensates of got in stationary terms 
the macro-layers with chaotic their distribution on the 
thickness are characteristic. 
3. Corrosive destructions are observed on areas 
on which are present defects of structure. 
 
References 
 
[1]. M.I. Grechanyuk, V.O. Osokin, I.B. Afanasiev, I.M. 
Grechanyuk - Pat. 34875 Ukraina. MPK C23C/20. 
Compozitionnai material dlia elecriceskih contactov i sposob ih 
proizvodstva, Opubl. 30.12.2002; Bul. Nr.12. 
[2]. N.I. Grechanyuk, V.A. Osokin, I.B. Afanasiev, I.N. 
Grechanyuk - Electronno-lucevaia tehnologhia polucenia 
materialov dlia electriceskih contactov, Electriceskie contacta i 
electrode: Sb. Tr. – Kiev: IMP NANU, 1998. – S. 51-66. 
[3]. TU U 201/3410.001-98. Materiala dispersno-uprocinennae dlia 
electriceskih contactov. – Vved. 01.05.98. 
[4]. B.A. Movcian, V.A. Osokin, L.V. Pusecinicova, N.I. 
Grechanyuk - Electronno-lucevoe isparenie i condensatia medi 
cerez vannu-posrednic, Probl. spet. electrometallurghii. – 1991. – 
Nr. 3 – S. 58-61. 
[5]. Nesmeianov A.N.- Davlenie para himiceskih elementov. – M.: 
Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961. – 396 s. 
 
 
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Structure and Corrosive Firmness of Composition Materials on the Basis of Copper and Molybdenum Got Method Electron-Beam Technology

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Structure and Corrosive Firmness of Composition Materials on the Basis of Copper and Molybdenum Got Method Electron-Beam Technology

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