Species of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Yaeyama Islands were listed. In total, 36 species were included in the list, in which C. palpifer Das Gupta and Ghosh was new to Japan and C. cylindratus Kitaoka, C. malayae Macfie and C. sasai Kitaoka were new to the islands. Taxonomic and biological notes for some species were also given

Miyagi Ichiro

Takagi Masahiro

Tsuda Yoshio

Wada Yoshito

Wada, Yoshito

Miyagi, Ichiro

Takagi, Masahiro

Tsuda, Yoshio

Nagasaki university's Academic Output SITE

An Annotated List of Culicoides Biting Midges in Yaeyama Islands in the Southwestern Part of Japan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

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Trop. Med., 38 (2), 61-68, June, 1996　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　61An Annotated List of Culicoides Biting Midges in Yaeyama Islandsin the Southwestern Part of Japan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)Yoshito WADA1, Ichiro MIYAGI2, Masahiro TAKAGI1,and Yoshio TSUDA11Department of Medical Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, NagasakiUniversity, 1 -.t2-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852, laφanlaboratory of Medical Zoology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medtctne,University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903- 01, Japan.Abstract: Species of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in YaeyamaIslands were listed. In total, 36 species were included in the list, in which C. palpiferDas Gupta and Ghosh was new to Japan and C. cylindratus Kitaoka, C. malayae Macfieand C. sasai Kitaoka were new to the islands. Taxonomic and biological notes for somespecies were also given.Key words: Culicodies, Ceratopogonidae, list, distribution, Yaeyama IslandsINTR ODU CTIONYaeyama Islands is located in the extreme southwestern part of the Ryukyu Ar-chipelago and consists of three mam islands of lshigaki. Iriomote and Yonaguni. includingthree small ones of Kurc帽hima. Kohama and Hateruma･ Kitaoka (1977) collected 23叩ecies ofCulicoides biting midges in Yaeyama Islands and Henna et al. (1991) did 25 species. Thesetwo reports included 29 species m total, but several species were added to the YaeyamaCuhcoides fauna and the taxonomic status was changed in some species. Herewith reported isa list of Culicoides species in Yaeyama Islands with taxonomic and biological notes･Synonyms in the list are after Kitaoka (1984a, b) and Wirth and Hubert (1989), unlessotherwise stated. Asteri≡iks before localities in the distribution indicate that the distribution inYaeyama Islands was confirmed by examining specimens which were mainly collected by thelight trap･Subgenus升ithecoides Wirth and Hubert, 19591) C. an坤helis Edwards, 1922Distribution: *Ishigaki ls., Kuroshima ls., Kohama lsリ*Iriomote lsリHateruma ls.,*Yonaguni ls･; Taiwan, Mainland China, Southeast Asi乱Characters ｡f specimens from Yaeyama Islands agree with the description by ｢Wirth andHubert (1989) excepting that sensilla coeloconica are sometimes present on antennal segmentReceived for publication, June 17.1996･Contribution No. 3335 from the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University.629 In addition to segments 3 and ll-15 and parameres of male genitalia separate, not fuseda七the m呈d…porti｡n･c. anφhells is a parasitic biting midge on anopheline mosquitoes (Wirth and Hubert,且959)I Ⅰ… Miyagi found in a cowshed in lshigaki Island that An坤heles sinensis Wiedemann andAn｡ minimus Theobald were commonly parasitized by females of C. anoφhelis. He also ob-served that anopheline females are weakened by the parasitization and often fail to oviposit.Arnaud (1956) stated "This species has the remarkable habit of obtaining its blood mealby feeding on the abdomen of engorged An坤heles mosquitoes". However, Wirth and Hubert(1989) cited references indicating that females of C. anophelis feed on haemolymph, but noton engorged blood, of mosquitoes… Some females of C｡ anophelis collected from anophelmes ata cowshed in lshigaki ls･ had mature eggs. Both females and males are attracted by light｡劉C. matsuzawai Tokunaga, 1950Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima ls., *Iriomote ls･ Taiwan,Mainland China, Primorskii Siberia･This identification of specimens from lriomote ls. is tentative. McDonald & Lu (1972)recorded the female of C. matsuzawai from Taiwan. But the female of C. flaviscutatus insoutheast Asia is very similar to that of C. matsuzawai, both of which have yellow mesono-turn and entirely dark hind femur. Wirth & Hubert (1959) mentioned that the wing of femalehas a faint or narrow apical pale marking in C. …軸viscutatus Wirth and Hubert but a distinctone in C･ matsuzawai. However, the difference in wing pattern is slight and seems to bewithin a range of variation. On the contrary, male genitalia is quite different in the twospecies, and for this reason, examination of males is required for exact identification of spe-=cies. The distribution of C. matsuzawai in lriomote Island of Japan and in Taiwan needsfurther confirmation, because males from these two areas have not been examined so far.3) C. palpifer Das Gupta and Ghosh, 1956Distribution: *Iriomote ls. (new record to Japan); Taiwan, Mainland China, Southeast Asia,Ⅰndia New Guinea, New Britain, Solomon lslands･c. φalpifer is newly recorded from Japan. This species belongs to the macfiei group, ofwhich members are characterized by mandible with 7 curved teeth (the distal ones largest)and触ee spermathecae (one large and 2 subequal small ones) with broad unsclerotizedopenings to ducts･ C. palpifer can easily be separated from C. humemlis Okada, anotherJapanese member of the group, by the coloration of mesonotum; the former species hasuniformly yellow mesonotum and the latter has yellow mesonotum with dark areas on an-=tenor margin.4) C. paraflavescens Wirth and Hubert, 1959Distribution: *Ishigaki lsリKohama ls., *Iriomote ls｡, Yonaguni ls･; Taiwan, Mainland China,Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka.mSubgenus culicoides Latreille, 18095) C. cylindratus Kitaoka, 1980Distribution: Kyushu, Amami-Oshima ls., Okinawa ls., *Ishigaki ls. (new distribution)- Tai-wan.Kitaoka (1980) described C. cylmdmtus based on specimens collected in Amami-Oshimals. This species is allied to C. aterinervis Tokunaga but can be separated from it by cylin-drical palp 3. The species reported as C. aterinervis from Okinawa ls. (McDonald et al., 1973)and from Taiwan (McDonald and Lu, 1972) is C. ollindratus (Kitaoka, 1980)Ic. cylindratm is also allied to C… indianus Mac fie in Southeast Asia and India, andwirth and Hubert (1989) stated that it can be separated from C. indianm by subapical paleband on the hind femur, but this character is not diagnostic and further studies are needed･6) C dubius Arnaud, 1956Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kuroshima lsリIriomote ls., Yanaguni ls･; Taiwan･Arnaud described C. dubius based on the specimens collected from Hokkaido. Therewas some confusion in classification and this species was called C. arcuats Winnertz in thepa∈it m Japan (Arnaud, 1956). The distribution of C･ dubius is interrupted by a wide area fromKyushu to Miyako ls. Although specimens in Yaeyama Islands were not available for ex-ammation, the female from Hokkaido and Honshu is identical with that from Taiwan ex-ceptmg the smaller size of the latter, as McDonald and Lu (1972) indicated. However, malesfrom Yaeyama and Taiwan are not known and need to be examined for exact identification7) C. lungchiensis Chen and Tsai, 1962- C. megaforticφs Kitニaoka, 1973Distribution: Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima ls., Yakushima ls., Hateruma ls.; Taiwan, MainlandChina.This species was first described as a subspecies of C. φeregrinus Kieffer.8) C. malayae Mac fie, 1937Distribution: Yakushima ls･ *Iriomote ls. (new distribution); Taiwan, Southeast Asia.9　C. n軸onensis Tokunaga, 1955Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Ama血Oshima ls…, Okinawa ls… *Ishigaki ls., Haterurna ls.,*Inomote lsリ*Yonaguni ls･; Primorskii Siberia, Korea, Mainland China, Taiwan.The species Arnaud (1956) reported as C. φeregrinus Kieffer is C. nipφonensis (Kitaoka.1984a). The wing pattern is different in the two species.10) C. peregrinus Kieffer, 1910C. judicantus Bezzi, 1917C. esmoneti Salm, 1918C. phil軸inensis Kieffer, 192164- c. quadratus Tokunaga, 1951 (Y. Wada confirmed this synonymy by examining theholotype preserved at Entomological Laboratory, Kyoto Prefectural University.)Distribution: Amami…Oshima ls., Okinawa lsリ*Ishigaki lsリKuroshima ls., Kohama ls…,軸iomote lsリHateruma ls･ Yonaguni ls.; Taiwan, Mainland China, Southeast Asia, India,sri Lanka, Micronesia, New Guinea, Australia.wing with proximal pale spot at mediocubital fork is diagnostic to this species.1且) C･ sumatrae Mac fie, 1934c. amamiensis Tokunaga, 1937= c甘kagiensis Tokuiiaga, 1937,c. assimilis Delfinado. 1961Distribution:監yushu, Yaku ls., Amami-Oshima ls., Tokunoshima ls., *Ishigaki ls., *Inomote耳s., Yonaguni互s･; Taiwan, Mainland China, Southeast Asia? Sri Lanka･The wi喝pattern of C. sumatrae is similar to that of C.軸onensis Tokunaga, butsensillae of palp 3 are in a pit in C. sumatrae and scattered in C. nipponensts.subgentis Avaritia Fox, 1955且2) C, actoni Smith, 1929= c. okumensis Arnaud, 1956= c. imperceptus Das Gupta, 1962Distribution: Honshu, Kyushu, Yaku ls･ Amami-Oshima ls., Tokunoshima ls., Okinawa ls.,Miyako ls･, *缺igaki lsリKohama ls… *Iriomote ls., Yonaguni ls.; Taiwan, Mainland China,southeast Asia, india, Australia.characters of the specimens from Yaeyama Islands agree well with those by Wirth andHubert (1989) excepting that sensilla coeloconica of antennae are sometimes present on seg-merit且且in addition to segments 3 and 12-15.且3) C. albifasda Tokunaga, 1937Distribution: Iriomote ls.; Taiwan, Mainland China.Tokunaga (1937) described C. albifasda based on a female collected at Mt. Arisan mTaiwan and Tokunaga (1962) supplemented his original description after examining a newlycollected female from lriomote lsリwhich is the only record of this species in Japan.McDonald and Lu (1972) recorded C. albifascia from Mt. Arisan in high altitude in Taiwanand Lee (1978) from Tibet (alt., 1,200…2,900m) in Mainland China, while lriomote whereTokunaga (1962) collected C. albifascia is an oceanic island･ In addition to the difference oflocality there is some discrepancy in the description between Tokunaga (1937) and Tokunaga(1962). Therefore, the species of Tokunaga (1962) from lriomote ls. may be different fromtrue C. albifascia.14) C.･ brevipalpis Delfinado, 1961Distribution: Amami-Oshima ls., Okinawa ls., *Ishigaki ls., Kuroshima ls., Kohama ls.,65*Iriomote ls., Hateruma ls., *Yonaguni ls･; Taiwan, Southeast Asia･One female from lshigaki ls･ was found to have three sperma也ecae instead of two･15) C. brevitarsis Kieff一己r, 1917C. robertsi Lee and Reye, 1953C. superfulvus Das Gupta, 1962DIStribution: Niijima ls., Kyushu, Takarajima ls., Amami-Oshima ls., Okinawa ls., Miyakols･, *Ishigaki ls., Kuroshima ls･, Kohama ls･ *Iriomote ls., Hateruma ls., *Yonaguni ls.-Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Australia.16) C. dumdumi Sen and Das Gupta 1959Distribution: *Iriomote ls･; Sabah, India.C. pungens in Southeast Asia is closely related to this species, but has still morereduced pale wing markings and darker halters (W抽and Hubert, 1989).17) C.仲vφunctatus Kitaoka, 1975Distribution: *Ishigaki二【s… (new distribution), *Iriomote ls…, Yona即ni ls.; Southeast Åsia･18) C. hui Wirth and Hubert, 1961Distribution: *Iriomot…巳Is･ (new distribution), Yonagun=s.; Taiwan, Mainland China,Southeast Asia.19) C. jacobsoni Mac fie, 1934C. buckleyi Macfie, 1937- C. kitaokai Tokunaga, 1955･= C. unisetiferm Tokunaga, 1959Distribution: Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima ls., Yakushima ls., Amami-Oshima ls., Tokunoshi-ma ls., Okinawa ls., *Ishigaki ls., Kohama ls., *Iriomote ls., Haterama ls.; Taiwan MainlandChina, Southeast Asia,二New Guinea･20) C. maculatus (Shiraki, 1913)C. tainana Kieffer, 1916-= C. kit Tokunaga, 1937-≡ C･ sigaensis Tokunaga, 19378- C. kyotoensis Tokunaga, 1937C. suborientalis Tokunaga, 1951Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima ls., Amami…Oshima lsリOkina-wa ls., Ishigaki ls., Iriomote I., Yonaguni ls.: Taiwan, Mainland China, Southeast Asia.C. maculatus is a variable species and there was some confusion in identification in thepast. We do not have specimens from Yaeyama Islands that can confidently be referred to asC･ maculatus.6621) C. wadai Kitaoka, 1980Distribution: *Ishigaki ls., *Iriomote ls･, Yona卯ni ls.; Taiwan, Southeast Asia,血stralia.c. wadai ls much allied to C. suzukii Kitaoka, but both are distinct species･ The formerspecies is found only in Amami-Oshima ls, while the latter widely from Yaeyama Islands toAustralia. C. wadai was erroneously reported from Yaeyama Islands as C. suzukii by Kitaoka(1977).Subgenu愚Oecacta Poey, 185122) C. clavφalpis Mukerji, 1931c. candidus Sen and Das Gupta, 1959Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, *Ishigaki ls., *Iriomote ls･ (new distribution), Hateruma ls.;Korea, Taiwan, Southeast Asia,23) C軸tadeus Wirth and Hubert, 1972Distribution: Mikura ls., Chikuzen-Okinoshima lsリMeshima ls., *Iriomote ls･; Taiwan,S｡ut壬Ieast Asia, India｡This ls a coastal species. Larvae breed in tree holes (Kitaoka, 1977).2朝C. insularis Kitaoka, 1980Distribution: Sado lsりMikura ls., Chikuzen…Okinoshima lsリFukue ls･, Kuchinoshima ls･,Nakanoshima互s., Amami-Oshima lsリ*Yonaguni ls･; Mainland China･The species Kitaoka (1977) recorded from Yonaguni ls. as C. pampangensis Delfinado isc. insularis. This ls a coastal species･25) C. iriomotensis Kita｡ka, 1975Distribution: *Ⅰshigaki ls･ *Iriomote ls･This species is known only from Yaeyama Islands. Larvae breed in tree holes (Kitaoka,1977)･26) C. kibunensis Tokunaga, 1937= a, φonkikiri Kono and Takahasi, 1940= c｡ sitinohensis Okada, 1941Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; Korea, Mainland China･There was some confusion in the identification of C. kibunensis. C. arnaudi Wirth andHubert is very similar to C. kibunensis, but they are distinct species (Wada, 1990). C.kibunensis was reported from Okinawa ls. by McDonald et al. (1973) and from lshigaki ls.and lriomote ls. by Henna et al. (1991), but it seems to be C. arnaudi The species recordedby Tokunaga (1955) from Korea as C. odiatus Austen was confirmed to be C. kibunensis byexamining specimens that were used for his record.27) C. komiensis McDonald, Bolinguit and Lu, 197367Distribution: Okinawa lsリ*Ishigaki lsリ*Iriomote ls.28) C. longidens Arnaud, 1956- C. paucidentatus Kitaoka, 1973Distribution: Amami-Oshima ls., Okinawa ls., Iriomote ls.; Korea.29) C. okinawensis Arnaud. 1956Distribution: Amami-Oshima lsリOkinawa ls., Miyako ls., *Ishigaki ls., Kohama ls…. *Irio-mote ls.; Taiwan, Southeast Asia.30) C. oxystoma Kieffer, 1910- C k抑ri Patton, 1313- C. mesopotamiensis Patton, 1920ォC. pattoni Kieffer, 1921･- C. housei Causey, 1938- C. punctigerus Tokunaga, 1951･= C. alatus Das Gupta and Ghosh, 1956Distribution: Honshu, Kyushu, Amami-Oshima ls., Okinawa ls., Miyako ls…, *Ishigaki ls..Kohama ls., *Iriomote ls., Hateruma ls., Yonaguni ls.; Korea, Taiwan, Mainland China,Southeast Asia, India, Iran.31} C. peliliouensis Tokunaga, 1936･= C. ejerdtoi Delfinado, 1961･= C. subdubius Tokunaga, 1962Distribution: *Ishigaki ls･ (new distribution), Iriomote ls., Yonaguni lsr; Taiwan, SoutheastAsia, Micronesia.32) C. sasai Kitaoka, 1975Dis七曲ution: K叩shu, Amami-Oshima lsリ*Ishigaki ls. (new distribution).33　C･ toshiokai Kitaoka,, 1975Distribution: *Ishigaki ls., *Iriomote ls･, Hateruma ls.This species is known only from Yaeyama Islands. Larvae breed in tree holes34) C. verbosus Tokunaga, 1937- C. yaeyamaensis Kitaoka, 1975Distribution: Okinawa lsリ*Ishigaki ls･, *Iriomote ls･ Hateruma ls., Yonaguni ls.; Taiwan…35) C. wakuensis McDonald, Bolinguit and Lu 1973C. chaetocellaris Kitaoka, 1973Distribution: Amami-Oshima ls., Okinawa ls･, Iriomote ls･68Subgenus Be肋�"anmyia Vargas, 195336) C. amkawae (Arakawa, 1910)- C･ su節motonis Shiraki, 1913- C. alboguttatus Kieffer, 1921- C. shimai Sasaki, 1928= C｡ daleki Smith and Swaminath, 1932C. micropunctatus Tokunaga, 1951Distribution: Throughout Japan including lshihgaki lsリKohama ls., Iriomote ls., Hateruma瓦s. and Yonaguni ls.; Korea, Taiwan, Mainland China, Southeast Asia, India.wirth and Hubert (1989) used Meijerehelea as the subgeneric name of C. arakawae intheir monograph on Culicoides of Southeast Asia.REFERENCES且) Årnaud, P. (1956): The heleid genus Culicoides in Japan, Korea and Ryukyu Islands (Insecta‥ Dip-tera)… Microentomology, 21, 84-207,2) Henna, M., Shinjyo, K. and Kuniba, T- (1991)‥ Species and distribution of Culicoides in Okinawaprefecture｡ Annual Report, Veterinary Health Center of Okinawa Prefecture, 43-48 (in Japanese).3) Kitaoka, S. (1977): Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). pp. 187-200. In: Sasa, M., Takahasi, H., Kano,R. and Tanaka, H｡ (ed.). Animals of medical importance in the Nansei Islands in Japan, ShinjukuShobo, Tokyo･4) Kitaoka, S. (1980): Six new species and males of some species of Japanese Culicoides (Diptera: Cer-atopogonidae). Nat. Inst… Anim. Hlth Quart., 20, ll-22.5) Ki七aoka, S. (19糾a)‥ Japanese Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and keys for the species. I. Bull.Nat且, Ⅰnst. Anim･ Hlth, 87, 73-89 (in Japanese).6) Kitaoka, S. (1984bj: Japanese Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and keys for the species. I ･ Bull･NatL Inst Anim. Hlth, 87, 9ト108 (in Japanese).7) Lee, T. (197恥DIptera: Ceratopogonidae. Economic Insect Fauna of China, Fasc. 13, 124 p., Beijing(in Chinese).8) McDonald, J. L., Bolinguit, T. and Lu, L. C. (1973): Female Culicoides of Okinawa with descriptionsof new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J･ Med･ Ent･, 10, 633-648.9) McDonald, J. L. and Lu, L. C･ (1972): Female Culicoides of Taiwan with descriptions of new species(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)･ J. Med. Entリ9, 396-418.且0) Tokunaga, M. (1937)ニSandflies (Ceratopogonidae, Diptera) from Japan. Tenthredo, 1, 233-338.ll) Tokunaga, M. (1955): Notes on biting midges from Japan and Korea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Sci,取ep. Saikyo UnivリÅgr･, 7, 1…乱且2) Tokunaga, M. (1962): Notes on biting midges F. Sci. Rep. Saikyo Univ., Agr., 14, 51…56･13) Wada, Y. (1990): The verbosus group of the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) inJapan, with descriptions of three new species and one hitherto unknown male. Trop. Med., 32,49-72･1朝Wi地W. W. & Hubert, A. A. (1959): Trithecoides, a new subgenus of Culicoides (Diptera: Cer-at叩Og｡nidae). Pacific Insects, 1, 1-3乱15) Wirth, W. W. & Hubert, A. A. (1989): The Culicoides of Southeast Asia (Diptera: Ceratopogomdae).Mem. Åmer. Bnt Ⅰnst, No. 44, 1…508･

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An Annotated List of Culicoides Biting Midges in Yaeyama Islands in the Southwestern Part of Japan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

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