Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are characterized by chronic,recurrent and idiopathic inflammation, which result from an inappropriate immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. Essentially IBD comprises two forms of presentation: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The UCaffects the mucosa of colon and rectum and, classically, has symmetrical distribution, ascendingand continuous. The DC is characterized by a chronic transmural inflammation of the digestivetract, which can affect the mouth to the anus segmentally or sauteed, with frequent involvementof the ileal or ileocecal region. The disease pathogenesis is not fully understood, it appear to be triggered by the mutual interaction of environmental, immune, genes and microbiota. In recent years several studies were published on the changes of microbiota in these patients demonstrating the importance of this factor. The knowledgement of environmental risk factors supports international planning to the use resources for health, scientific researches and may be a potential therapeutic target, as was stated in the last ESPGHAN 2016
