Dialect is a kind of language style that happened in some nations of the country especially in Indonesia. One of the varieties of dialect is Ngkalongan dialect which is characterized by variations in pronunciation, grammatical, and discourse features. The objective of this study is to explain the dialect found in the video that will be analyzed by qualitative research design. The data is taken from the video youtube channel. The data collection method by video observation. The researcher used an instrument observation checklist and taking notes to analyze the data. The result showed that there are 20 dialect that used by the speakers in speaking ngkalongan dialect. The researcher suggests for other researchers who will conduct research dealing with another dialect in Indonesia. Keywords: Dialect, Ngkalongan Dialect, Pekalongan Javanese spoke

Putri Erito, Silvia Nanda

Indonesian

Jurnal Online Universitas Pekalongan

 Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education   Vol. 2 No. 1, February 20201 pp (22-30)  e-ISSN: 2721-3390  22  A Sociolinguistic Study  Of The Variety Of  Ngkalongan Dialect Javanese  Spoken By Pekalongan People  Silvia Nanda Putri Erito Postgraduate, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia silviananda.putrierito@gmail.com  Abstract Dialect is a kind of language style that happened in some nations of the country especially in Indonesia. One of the varieties of dialect is Ngkalongan dialect which is characterized by variations in pronunciation, grammatical, and discourse features. The objective of this study is to explain the dialect found in the video that will be analyzed by qualitative research design. The data is taken from the video youtube channel. The data collection method by video observation. The researcher used an instrument observation checklist and taking notes to analyze the data. The result showed that there are 20 dialect that used by the speakers in speaking ngkalongan dialect. The researcher suggests for other researchers who will conduct research dealing with another dialect in Indonesia.  Keywords: Dialect, Ngkalongan Dialect, Pekalongan Javanese spoken   Abstrak Dialek merupakan salah satu jenis gaya bahasa yang terjadi di beberapa negara di tanah air khususnya di Indonesia. Salah satu ragam dialek tersebut adalah Dialek Ngkalongan yang bercirikan variasi pengucapan, tata bahasa dan corak wacana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis dialek yang terdapat dalam video yang akan dianalisis dengan desain penelitian kualitatif. Penulis menggunakan instrumen observasi checklsit dan pencatatan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 20 dialek yang digunakan oleh penutur dalam berbicara dialek ngkalongan. Penulis menyarankan kepada peneliti lain yang akan melakukan penelitian tentang dialek lain di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Dialek, Dialek Ngkalongan, Bahasa Jawa Pekalongan   INTRODUCTION Javanese is a language spoken by people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. It belongs to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family. More than 75,500,000 people are natives users of Javanese and in Indonesia, it has several regional dialects that have differences in many words and dialects. For example, Javanese in Pemalang, a district in Central Java is different from Javanese in Pekalongan, even though both of them are located in the same province. Like for ‘hungry’, in Javasene in Pemalang is ‘kencot’, while in Javanese in Pekalongan it is ‘ngelih’.  In Javanese, there are three levels of languages that we use for conversation.  Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education   Vol. 2 No. 1, February 20201 pp (22-30)  e-ISSN: 2721-3390  23  There are Ngoko, Kromo Madya, and Kromo Inggil. According to Javanese culture, the way of speaking to someone younger is different than to someone older. We use Ngoko to talk to our friend and whoever who are younger than us. To talk to somebody whom we respect or to strangers we use Kromo Madya. And, we use Kromo Inggil to talk to our parents and some people in important positions. Kromo Inggil is used as well for some ceremonies in formal situations like wedding parties. This study focuses on ngoko variety, which is the lowest speech level of Javanese and spoken as vernacular. In brief, this paper is designed to explain the dialect of ngkalongan Javanese spoken by Pekalongan people. The researcher used the previous study as the picture in how the researcher will do the research. Here are the previous studies. The first previous study is written by Avika Dwi Cahyaningtyas and Erlita Rusnaningtyas  (2015)  entitled The Lexical Differences in the Javanese Varieties Spoken by People in the Western and Eastern Parts of Blitar Regency from Arilangga University. The study aims to describe the lexical differences found in the Javanese varieties spoken by people in western and eastern parts of Blitar. The findings of this study show that out of 400 glosses, there are121 lexical differences which mostly occur due to the different subdialect.  The next previous study is written by Septiani Rizkinawati (2010) entitled the variety of dialects in Javanese Language. The purpose of the study is to introduce various dialects, especially in Java, many kinds of dialects in Indonesia such as Betawi, Malay dialect of Medan, Ambon Malay, Palembang Malay, Batak Toba dialect, Batak Karo, Javanese language of Cirebon, Javanese Tegal, Javanese Solo language, Semarang Java language, Java language Yogyakarta, and Java language Surabaya. The dialect of a region can be known based on the sound system. The Indonesian language spoken in the Tapanuli dialect is recognizable because of the very clear pressures. Typical characteristics that include pressure, ups and downs, and short lengths of language sounds build different accents. Differences in vocabulary and grammatical variations are not very clear. Differences in dialect are related to the native language of the speakers. Therefore, in the use of language, there are dialect differences such as Javanese language used by people in Pekalongan and Tegal different from the Javanese language used in Solo or Yogyakarta. Similarly, the Javanese dialect used by people in Madiun or Surabaya is different from the Javanese language used by the people in Banyumas.  The next previous study is written by Kundharu Saddhono and Muhammad Rohamdi (2014) entitled A sociolinguistic study on the Use of the Javanese Language in the Learning Process in the Primary Schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aims at describing the use of language at primary schools grades 1,2, and 3 in Surakarta. Results of the study demonstrate that the use of the Javanese language is still dominant in the learning process at primary schools in Surakarta. Many factors affect the use of the Javanese language as the mother tongue in the classroom teaching-learning process. They are (1) balancing the learning process so that learners can better understand the material presented by the teacher (2) the teacher’s habit to speak Javanese language, and (3) drawing student’s attention. The factors underlying this phenomenon are explained by the teacher and student’s lack of Indonesian language vocabulary. Besides, there is an element unnoticed by teachers. The next previous study is conducted by Rofhiatul Badriyah and Erlita Rusnanintyas (2016) entitled The lexical  Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education   Vol. 2 No. 1, February 20201 pp (22-30)  e-ISSN: 2721-3390  24  Differences in Madurese Varieties Spoken by People in Situbondo Regency. This study is to describe the lexical differences and to determine the status of the lexical differences. In brief, the status of the lexical differences of the Madurese varieties spoken by people in Situbondo Regency includes different dialects and different subdialects.  Javanese Language According to Sudaryanto (2002 : 3), Javanese has been used widely in many regions in Java Island and outside Java Island. Even Suriname’s people also use the Javanese language. Along with the wide areas where Javanese is spoken, it is very possible to find the differences in dialect. Among the four Javanese speech levels, ngoko, ngoko alus, krama, and krama alus, ngoko variety is found to be frequently used in the Javanese communities because the intensity of its uses is higher than krama uses. Some examples of the ngoko words are [duwUr] (high), [umUʔ] (brag), [adɔh] (far), [abɔt] (heavy), [dɔwɔ] (long), [id͡ʒo] (green), [enaʔ] (delicious), [abaŋ] (red), [apal] (remember), [panas] (hot), [ɛlɛʔ] (ugly), and [amɪs] (fishy). Language and Dialect  According to Chambers (2004:4), A language can be differentiated from others because it has distinct, codified, standardized forms, with its own orthographic, grammar books, and literatures. Language can have its variety in the different regions. While Dialect according to Chambers (2004:5)  is a variety that is grammatically (and perhaps lexically) as well as phonologically different from other varieties. To distinguish between dialect and language, a language can be said as a collection of mutually intelligible dialects. Also, some linguists including Holmes use the term regional dialect instead of dialect geography as suggested by Chambers. However, both terms refer to the same meaning. Types of Dialect All dialects are both regional and social. All speakers have social background as well as a regional location. Even in the speech, they often identify themselves not only as natives or inhabitants of a particular place, but also as a member of a particular social class, age group, ethnic background, or other social characteristics. In social dialect, the social class makes people's speech differ from one to another. The word lounge is frequently used by non-upper-class English people rather than sitting room (Holmes, 2008, p.141). Pekalongan Dialect  There are regional dialects of Javanese that have differences in words and accents, which are Banten, Lor-Kulon, Manuk, Cerbon, Kulon-Tengah, Sundha Lor-Wetan, Wettanan, and Osing. In this study, the researcher focusing on Javanese that is spoken in the northern coastal area of Central Java, particularly in Pekalongan.  According to Ismah (2011) Pekalongan dialect or people say Ngkalongan dialect is spoken by people who live in the west part of Tegal, east part of Weleri, and south part of Kendeng Mountain. Although it is classified into the Wetanan dialect, still it has different words and accents. This dialect also different from Kulon Tengah dialect in terms of accent, tone, and words.  The characteristic of Ngkalongan dialect can be distinguished from: 1. Unlike Kulon Tengah dialect, Ngkalongan dialect is more flat meaning that it does not has stressing sound in the end of the word. For example, in speaking bae (only),nyong (I), manjing (entering), kaya kuwe (it’s like that), Ngkalongan dialect says bae, nyong, manjing, kaya kuwe. However, Kulon  Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education   Vol. 2 No. 1, February 20201 pp (22-30)  e-ISSN: 2721-3390  25  Tengah dialect is like putting sound ‘k’ in the end of vocal syllable. For example, bae becomes bae-k, kaya kuwebecomes kaya-k kuwe-k. 2. The last sound of each word in Ngkalongan dialect is somehow waving, and it has a certain rhyme.  3. Ngkalongan dialect use ho, si, ri, ra, po'o, ha'ah pok, lha, ye as complementary sound in speaking. Although they no have a particular meaning but each sound has different use. For example, ho in ora ho … (no ho). It is like “pause” before moving to the next words. 4. Ngkalongan dialect often use pak (want), while Wetanan Javanese say arep (want). It is only known and used in Pekalongan. For example, nyong pak mangan (aku arep mangan; I want to eat). The special phrase. METHODOLOGY  This research was conducted in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia where the researcher comes from. The subject of the research was the Ngkalongan Dialect that has been analyzed by reviewing the video. This study belongs to descriptive qualitative research which employs a sociolinguistic approach.  According to Holmes (2002:22) sociolinguistic studies the relationship between language and society. They are interested in explaining why we speak differently in different social contexts, and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning. Examining the way people use language in different social contexts provides a wealth of information about the way language works, as well as about the social relationships in a community, and the way people convey and construct aspects of their social identity through their language. The data analyzed through observing the video. The video include the informants were those who fulfilled the requirement according to Ayatrohaedi (2003: 39), they are: 1) the age is more than 15 years old  2) physically and mentally healthy 3) born in the observation points and whose family or relatives also lived in the same observation points. 4) low mobility 5) able to speak Indonesian language.  In this study, the informants in video 1 were two girls and in video 2 were two boys. The location of the video is at the school where they are talking about the subject of material in the classroom. After data was collected, the data was analyzed by using several steps. The steps included identifying the lexical, mapping the lexical. To identify the lexical of ngkalongan the researcher used transcription that will be explained more in finding.  To analyze the data. There are procedures in analyzing the data, as follows: 1) The researcher takes the videos from youtube, here are the links of youtube: video 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ab-5jBOlN8,  video2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2HMCtSJOXQ published on  7th December 2016 by Ngeselin cinema. 2) The researcher identifying the activity from the video. In this case, the researcher tries to watch the video part by part and make a note about words that produce by the people. 3) After identifying the activity. The researcher formulate the lexical. 4) The researcher write the result of analyzing the data on finding and discussion. The instrument of this study. observation checklist. The researcher used a rating scale to measure the performance of the  Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education   Vol. 2 No. 1, February 20201 pp (22-30)  e-ISSN: 2721-3390  26  teacher’s strategy. According to Price (2012: 71) he stated that A rating scale is a written list of performance criteria that permits the teacher more than two choices (e.g., good, fair, poor or excellent, good, fair, poor). Rating scales can be applied to record observations and self-assessment tools. Table 1 No Description of rating  Score 1 Excellent 4 2 Good  3 3 Fair 2 4 Poor 1  Table 2 Activities Score/Sale Finding  The conversation are using Ngkalongan dialect  5 √ The speakers are Pekalongan people 5 √ The content of the conversation is about daily conversation 5 √ The speakers spoke in certain place 5 √ The speakers are talking naturally  3 √ Total 23  categorize 92 (A) Excellent   FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The researcher found 35 dialects used by the speaker, here is the detail of the conversation.   Video 1 Ngkalongan dialect  Bahasa Indonesia English  Speaker 1 : He, koe wingi ora mangkat ha’ah ? Hai, kemarin kamu tidak berangkat ya ? Hei, were you absent yesterday? Speaker 2  : iyo leh, sikilku temumulen lorone pok Iya kawan, jempol kakiku sakit, sakit banget tahu.  Yes bro, my feet are sick. It is very sick.  Speaker 1 : Po ha’ah sie ? pijaran ora mangkat kae si, temumulen tok be’. Makane nek di penging nganggo teplek kui rungokke  Apa beneran ? kenapa gak berangkat palingan Cuma sakit jempol, mangkanya kalau dinasihatin memakai sendal itu di dengarkan. Are you sure? why don’t you coming? Is it only sick on feet right? you should listen to me that you should you sandals.  Speaker 2  : yo singo-singoho o.   Ya terserah aku dong Whatever  Speaker 1  : lha kotomono sikilimu kui tambah aboh opo piye. Di penging malah nyolot   Memangnya kakinya tambah bengkak atau tidak. Di nasihatin malah membantah   Is your feet okay enough? don’t blame me if I remind you.    Speaker 2 : yo pak ora o.. sak karepku o.. bebas o...    Terserah Aku dong  Whatever  Speaker 1 : oalah onggrongan  Dasar terlalu berlebihan  Too much  Then, the researcher found the dialect as follows :   Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education   Vol. 2 No. 1, February 20201 pp (22-30)  e-ISSN: 2721-3390  27  Ha’ah Ya  Temumulen  Sakit di jempol kaki Pok Banget  Po ha’ah sie  Apa benar si Pijaran Seharusnya  Di penging Nasehati  Teplek Sandal  Singo-singoho Terserah O Penekanan kalimat  Kotomono Seandainya  Aboh Lebih pesar Onggrongan Berlebihan  Oalah Dasar   Video 2  Ngkalongan dialect Bahasa Indonesia English Speaker 1 : jare kowe pak remidi, gagiang mrono luru pak risky , Katanya kamu akan remidi ? cepet sana temuin pak riski You told that you will have remidial, meet Mr.Rsiky soon  Speaker 2: emange rakpopo pok sit ?  Memangnya tidak apa-pa ya sit.  Is okay, sit ?    Speaker 1 : Wes mrono gagiang ojo inggrang-inggring    Sudah sana cepetan jangan ragu-ragu  Hurry up. Don’t hopeless.   Speaker 2 : Aku isin, masalhe wingi aku ngumpetke tesmake pak riski   Aku malu, masalahnya kemarin aku menyembunyikan kacamata pak risky  I’m embarrassed, the problem is I hit his glasses yesterday  Speaker 1 : Wade aku karo koe sit   Sebel aku sama kamu sit   Up to you sit.   The researcher found the dialect they are :  Pak Akan Gagiang Cepat  Ora kaiki Tidak apa2 Inggrang-inggring Ragu-ragu Tesmake Kacamata Wade Kesal,heran Ngumpetke  Menyembunyikan   CONCLUSION Based on the analysis above, the researcher found 20 dialects used by the speaker in doing conversation with each other. They used the words based on the situation where the speaker is at same age. It would be different if one of the speakers is older may the speaker will use krama to speak but in the 2 videos they are at the same age and the Javanese language that has been used is ngoko Javanese language.  The researcher found Ngkalongan dialect in all of the sentences delivered by speakers because they are truly Pekalongan people and understand each other. A sociolinguistic approach that is applied to research this phenomenon is suitable. Hopefully, for the next researcher, there will be another research dealing with another dialect in Indonesia.  REFERENCES Ayatrohaedi. (2003). Pedoman Penelitian Dialektologi. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Badriyah, R. & Rustiningtyas E. (2016). The lexical Differences in Madurese Varieties Spoken by People in Situbondo Regency. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7fc Journal of English Literature, Linguistic, and Education   Vol. 2 No. 1, February 20201 pp (22-30)  e-ISSN: 2721-3390  28  c/68e3995ccc2047d9e3d057f7c0ef410ef210.pdf Chambers, J., & Trudgill, P. (2004). Dialectology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Holmes. J. (2002). An introduction to sociolinguistics.Routledge: London and Newyork Ismah, N. (2011). A dialect spoken by people in Pekalongan Central Java. http://jawapekalongan.blogspot.com/2011/11/ngkalongan-dialect.html  Price LL, Ridgway NM.  (2012). Development of a scale to measure use innovativeness. In: Bagozzi RP, Tybout AM, editors. 10. (1) https://jawapekalongan.blogspot.com/search/label/Dialect Riskinawati S. (2010). The Variety of Dialect in Javanese Language. Article Research. Muhammadiyah Univeristy of Purwokerto. file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/THE_VARIETY_OF_DIALECTS_IN_JAVANESE_LANG.pdf Sudaryanto, d. (2002). Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Jawa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press Saddhono K., & Rohmadi M., (2014).  A sociolinguistics study on the Use of the Javanese in Learning Process in Primary Schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. International Education Studies. 7 (6).  http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v7n6p25    

A Sociolinguistic Study Of The Variety Of Ngkalongan Dialect Javanese Spoken By Pekalongan People

https://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/index.php/jelle/article/download/1428/1005

A Sociolinguistic Study Of The Variety Of Ngkalongan Dialect Javanese Spoken By Pekalongan People

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Jurnal Online Universitas Pekalongan