About 1.4 million nonmetro married couples had a moonlighting (working more than one job) spouse in May 1985. Compared with other rural couples, moonlighting couples were more likely to have children under 18 living at home, a college-educated spouse, higher income, farm affiliation, and work schedules that facilitated a spouse's taking a second job. The types of opportunities and economic needs associated with moonlighting differed by educational level