The present paper aims to analyze the behavior of twenty-five Romanian wheat varieties and perspective lines, in the
process of homologation, in terms of the yields of the grains obtained in the agricultural year 2016-2017 at SCDA
Lovrin.The climatic year 2016-2017 was an excellent year due to the fact that sowing was done late in autumn, and
emergence of the plants occurred in the spring, which determined the specific reactions of the wheat varieties, expressed
in the productions as well as in morphological characters.Variance analysis revealed differences between the twentyfive varieties studied, with climatic conditions in this period having significant effects on the behavior of studied wheat
varieties.The average production of the studied genotypes ranged between 7917 kg/ha at the Viteaz prospecting wheat
variety, and 4958 kg/ha 11424G-1 the winter wheat prospecting variety, and the coefficient of variation had the lowest
values for perspective winter wheat Pitar, Pajura, Signal and 11424G-1

Gorinoiu, Gabriela

Horablaga, Nicolae Marinel

Pîțu, Sorin Daniel

Horablaga, Nicolae-Marinel

Pîțu, Sorin-Daniel

ALSE Repository

Lucrări Ştiinţifice – vol. 60(2)/2017, seria Agronomie 103   BEHAVIOR OF SOME WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES AT A.R.D.S LOVRIN  Gabriela GORINOIU1, Nicolae Marinel HORABLAGA1, Sorin Daniel PÎȚU1  e-mail: gabrielagorinoiu@yahoo.com    Abstract  The present paper aims to analyze the behavior of twenty-five Romanian wheat varieties and perspective lines, in the process of homologation, in terms of the yields of the grains obtained in the agricultural year 2016-2017 at SCDA Lovrin.The climatic year 2016-2017 was an excellent year due to the fact that sowing was done late in autumn, and emergence of the plants occurred in the spring, which determined the specific reactions of the wheat varieties, expressed in the productions as well as in morphological characters.Variance analysis revealed differences between the twenty-five varieties studied, with climatic conditions in this period having significant effects on the behavior of studied wheat varieties.The average production of the studied genotypes ranged between 7917 kg/ha at the Viteaz prospecting wheat variety, and 4958 kg/ha 11424G-1 the winter wheat prospecting variety, and the coefficient of variation had the lowest values for perspective winter wheat Pitar, Pajura, Signal and 11424G-1.  Key words: winter wheat, yield, variance analysis                                                    1 Agricultural Research and Development Station Lovrin, 200, Lovrin, 307 250, Romania  In order to achieve high, stable and superior quality wheat production, it requires the cultivation of many valuable genotypes, with high production capacity, with differentiated superior qualities, resistant to disease and adapted to different environmental conditions. In formimg the crop and its quality, the influence of climatic conditions is of particular importance. The interactions between genotype and environment in the breeding process oblige to the creation of varieties with adaptability to favorable and unfavorable climatic conditions (Popescu et al., 1997; Negru, 2009). In addition to high production capacity and high quality crop, resistance to stress factors that determine production fluctuations are important concerns for breeders. Adaptability of varieties, respectively production stability, which is a cumulation of resistance to stress factors, is a major objective of improving winter wheat. Due to environmental factors, very different from one year to the next, but also to the characters and attributes of the variety, the interactions between the genotype and the environment prove to be complex. The stability of cereal production varies widely due to the different cultivation conditions (Leistrumaite and Paplauskiene, 2005), being a complex character influenced by many agronomic attributes. The stability of the production is given by the sum of the resistance of the variety to the unfavorable conditions of the biotic and abiotic environment (Săulescu et al., 1995; Bănățeanu, 2002; Bunta, 2002; Gașpar et al., 2002) and by the interaction of offset characters (Timariu, 1975). The breeding work should aim at the selection of genotypes with a high twinning capacity to produce high yields, year after year, and this character to be correlated with a medium number of grains in the spice and a good filling thereof, under all conditions culture, also a good resistance to falling.  MATHERIAL AND METHOD  The present paper aims to analyze the behavior of twenty-five Romanian wheat varieties and prospective lines under homologation (Glosa Boema 1, Litera, Miranda FDL, Izvor, Otilia, Pitar, Pajura, Semnal, Ursita, Unitar, 11424G-1, Vestitor, Viteaz, Voevod I, Voevod II, A4-10, Adelina, S119, Alex, Lovrin6112/16, Lovrin1113/16, Lovrin6109/16, Lovrin 110/16, Bezostaia 1) at ARDS Lovrin, on the basis of a comparative crop test based on the six balanced square grid method, with 5 sqm harvestable plot. The experimental plot soil was cambic chernozem, poorly gleissed, rich in humus (3.47) and with a normal content in total nitrogen (0.171-0.120 mg N / 100 g soil), low in phosphorus (0.4- 0.6 mg P2O5 / 100g soil) and mediocre  in potassium (9.00-17.5 mg K2O / 100 g soil). Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi  104 The statistical processing of the production results was made by variance analysis, the F test and the limit differences, (Săulescu şi Săulescu, 1967; Ceapoiu) The variance analysis revealed differences between the twenty five varieties studied, the climatic conditions of this period having significant effects on the behavior of studied wheat varieties. Multiple comparisons were made (DUNCAN test) whitch  resulted in classes A - I. Comparisons were made at probability level α = 5%. The agricultural year 2016/2017 can be considered a difficult year in terms of climate, especially for autumn sown crops. Thus, in the Banat plain area, in October 2016, which coincides with the optimal sowing period of wheat, a total rainfall of 112 mm was recorded, respectively three times more than the multiannual average (39.5 mm ). Under these circumstances, the sowing period of the wheat was postponed until November and the emergence of the plants was carried out in the spring, which determined the specific reactions of the wheat varieties, expressed in the productions obtained, as well as in the morphological characters.  Table 1 The sum of monthly average precipitations in Lovrin from 2016 to 2017 Month IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI VII VIII Annual sum Monthly average 48 112 37 3 20 25 30 54 29 40 30 22.5 450.5 Multiannual monthly average 42.6 39.5 48.4 40.7 32.2 29.5 32.8 42.7 56.8 67.8 55.8 32.5 521.3 Deviation 5.4 72.5 -11.4 -37.7 -12.2 -4.5 -7.2 11.03 -27.8 -27.8 -25.8 -10.0 -63.27  The precipitations recorded at Lovrin in the agricultural year 2016-2017 totaled 450.5 mm, with a 70.8 mm deficit versus the multiannual average. In September and October there was a surplus of rainfall.    Fig. 1 The sum of monthly average precipitations in Lovrin from 2016 to 2017    The deviation from the multiannual average in the two months is 77.9 mm. This resulted in a delay in sowing, the first three variants of experience (Glosa, Boema 1 and Litera) were sown on November 2, then the sowing was interrupted by a large amount of precipitation which prevented us to enter the field, after which we resumed sowing on November 22, when the first emerged variants was noted, the other 23 variants of the wheat emerging in the spring. High temperatures in the spring months (March recorded a deviation of 4°C from the multiannual average) allowed the early resuming of the vegetation period, explosive and uniform.   Fig.2 Monthly average temperatures in Lovrin from 2016 to 2017  Table 2 Monthly average temperatures in Lovrin from 2016 to 2017 Month IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI VII VIII Annual sum Monthly average 18.9 10.1 5.5 -0.3 -5.3 3.2 9.4 10.9 16.9 22.1 28.9 24.1 144.4 Multiannual monthly average 16.8 11.1 5.5 1.1 -1.2 0.8 5.2 10.7 16.3 19.8 22.2 21.7 130 Deviation 2.1 1.0 0 -1.4 -4.1 2.4 4.2 0.2 0.3 2.3 6.7 2.4 16.1   RESULTS  In the experimental year 2016-2017, the production differences between the studied varieties were due to a significant extent both to the genetic potential of the varieties and to a significant influence of the environmental conditions. Lucrări Ştiinţifice – vol. 60(2)/2017, seria Agronomie 105 Table 3 Grain yields obtained from the 25 wheat varieties and perspective lines at ARDS Lovrin Nr.crt Variant Average production (kg/ha) Relative production (%) Difference ± (kg/ha) 1 Glosa 7292 abcde 100 0 2 Boema 1 7347 abcd 101 56 3 Litera 7139 abcdef 98 -153 4 Miranda FDL 6958   bcdefgh 95 -333 5 Izvor 7542 abc 103 250 6 Otilia 6972  bcdefg 96 -319 7 Pitar 6181           gh 85 -1111 8 Pajura 6125             h 84 -1167 9 Semnal 6389          fgh 88 -903 10 Ursita 7389 abcd 101 97 11 Unitar 6667       defgh 91 -625 12 11424G-1 4958                i 68 -2333 13 Vestitor 7069   bcdef 97 -222 14 Viteaz 7917 a 109 625 15 Voevod I 7694 ab 106 403 16 Voevod II 7125 abcdef 98 -167 17 A4-10 7250 abcde 99 -42 18 Adelina 6967   bcdefg 96 -325 19 S119 6792     cdefgh 93 -500 20 Alex 6500        efgh 89 -792 21 Lovrin 6112/16 6597       defgh 90 -694 22 Lovrin 1113/16 7056   bcdef 97 -236 23 Lovrin 6109/16 7708 ab 106 417 24 Lovrin 6110/16 7244 abcde 99 -47 25 Bezostaia 1 6778     cdefgh 93 -514 DL 5% = 839 kg; DL 1% = 1108 kg; DL 0.1% = 1429 kg  From the analysis of Table 3 we can state that in the agricultural year 2017, the largest production was made by the Viteaz prospective wheat line (7917 kg/ha), which exceeded the Glosa control variety by 9% and 625 kg/ha respectively, followed by the winter wheat line Lovrin 6109/16 (7708 kg/ha) and Voevod I (7125 kg/ha) which exceeded the control variety by 6.0%, the Izvor wheat variety (7542 kg/ha) by 3% and 250 kg/ha and the Ursita wheat line (7389 kg/ha) which exceeded the control variety by 1%. Less productions were reported, those with statistically significant negative differences on line 11424G-1 (-2333 Kg/ha 000), Pajura (-1167 00), Pitar (-1111 00) and Signal (-903 0).  On the other varieties and winter wheat prospective lines the gains over the control variant [Glosa] are not statistically assured.   Fig.3.  Grain weight (kg / ha) obtained by the 25 studied variants (2017) From Figure 3 it can be noticed that the grain production of the studied 25 varieties and prospective lines of winter wheat, oscillated between 7917 kg/ha in the  Viteaz prospective wheat variety and 4958 kg/ha of 11424G- 1 perspective wheat variety. Compared to the Glosa control variety, the production increases in other varieties are not statistically assured. Table 4 Variation analysis of grain production in the winter wheat varieties and perspectives lines studied during 2016-2017 at ARDS Lovrin SURCE GL SP VARIANCEn S2 TEST F VALUE SEMNIFF. REPETITION 5 6707805.420 1341561.084   FACTOR A 24 54993397.240 2291391.552 4.2535 *** ERROR 120 64645021.080 538708.509   TOTAL 149 126346223.740    Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi  106 The variance analysis table for the wheat grain production (Table 4) indicates that there are very significant differences between the studied varieties due to the increased influence of the environmental conditions during the experimental period. According to the variation coefficient (10.6%), the production (grain weight) of the 25 variants in 2017 had a medium variation (Ceapoiu, 10% <cv <20%). According to the F test, the factor A (variant) has a very significant action on the weight of the grains, there are very significant differences between the 25 variants studied. According to the DUNCAN test (Table 5), 300 comparisons were made (C252=300), following comparisons resulted in grades A-I. Comparisons were made at probability level α = 5%. Variant 14 (Viteaz) - class A, had a gain significantly different from the following variants: v13, v22, v6, v18, v4, v19, v25, v11, v21, v20, v9, v7, v8 and v12. Table 5 The DUNCAN Test for the Grain Production of the varieties and  prospective lines of winter wheat studied between 2016-2017 at ARDS Lovrin Original data Screened data V1 Glosa 7292 ABCDE V14 7917 A V2 Boema 1 7347 ABCD V23 7708 AB V3 Litera 7139 ABCDEF V15 7694 AB V4 Miranda FDL 6958    BCDEFGH V5 7542 ABC V5 Izvor 7542 ABC V10 7389 ABCD V6 Otilia 6972    BCDEFG V2 7347 ABCD V7 Pitar 6181                 GH V1 7292 ABCDE V8 Pajura 6125                    H V17 7250 ABCDE V9 Semnal 6389              FGH V24 7244 ABCDE V10 Ursita 7389 ABCD V3 7139 ABCDEF V11 Unitar 6667         DEFGH V16 7125 ABCDEF V12 11424G-1 4958                       I V13 7069    BCDEF    V13 Vestitor 7069    BCDEF V22 7055    BCDEF V14 Viteaz 7917 A V6 6972    BCDEFG V15 Voevod I 7694 AB V18 6967    BCDEFG V16 Voevod II 7125 ABCDEF                      V4 6958    BCDEFGH V17 A4-10 7250 ABCDE V19 6792       CDEFGH V18 Adelina 6967    BCDEFG                     V25 6778       CDEFGH V19 S119 6792       CDEFGH                    V11 6667          DEFGH V20 Alex 6500            EFGH V21 6597          DEFGH V21 Lovrin 6112/16 6597         DEFGH V20 6500            EFGH V22 Lovrin 1113/16 7056    BCDEF V9 6389              FGH V23 Lovrin 6109/16 7708 AB V7 6181                GH V24 Lovrin 6110/16 7244 ABCDE V8 6125                   H V25 Bezostaia 1 6778       CDEFGH V12 4958                      I  CONCLUSIONS  In the agricultural year 2016-2017, climatically exceptional, the sowing took place in autumn late November 22 and the emergence of the plants was made in the spring, which determined the specific reactions of the wheat varieties, expressed in the produced productions , as well as morphological characters. The average production of genotypes studied varied between 7917 kg/ha in the prospective Wheat Prospect line and 4958 kg/ha at the autumn wheat prospect line 11424G-1, and the coefficient of variation had the lowest values for wheat varieties Autumn Pitar, Pajura, Signal and Perspective Wheat Prospect Line 11424G-1 Grain weights (production), according to the coefficient of variation in the 25 variants in 2017, had a mean variation (10.6%) According to the F test, the factor A (variant) has a very significant action on the weight of the grains, there are very significant differences between the 25 variants studied   BIBLIOGRAPHY  Ardelean M,2010. Principii ale metodologiei cercetării agronomice și medical veterinare. Ed. AcademicPres, Cluj-Napoca. Aydin, N., Sermet, C., Mut, Z., Bayramoglu, H.O., Ozcan, H., 2010. Path analyses of yield and some agronomic and quality traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different environments. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9 (32), p. 5131-5134. Bunta, Gh., 2002 - Comportarea unor soiuri de grâu de toamnă în zona de vest a ţării. Anale ICCPT Fundulea, vol. LXIX: 39. Ceapoiu, N.,1968-Metode statistice aplicate în experiențele agricole și biologice. Ed. Agrosilvică, București. Ciulca 2006. Metodologii de experimentare in agricultura si biologie. Ed. Agroprint, Timisoara. Nisi, J., Abbate, P.E.,2008. Issues of wheat production in Argentina. In Int. Symp. On wheat yield potential; chalenges to international wheat breeding.Reinolds, M.A., Pietragalla, J., Braun, H.J., Editors, p. 23-26. Săulescu, NA., Săulescu, N.N., 1967. Câmpul de experiență. Ed. Agro-Silvică, București;  Shewry, P., R., 2009. Wheat. J. Exp. Bot., 60 (6), p. 1537-1553. Yuksel, K., Mevlut, A., 2014. Effects of genotype and environment on grain yield and quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Food Sci. Technol. (Campinas), 34 (2), p. 386-393. 

Behavior of some winter wheat varieties and perspective lines at A.R.D.S. Lovrin

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Behavior of some winter wheat varieties and perspective lines at A.R.D.S. Lovrin

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