Even if Einstein brought major contributions as a founder of quantum
mechanics, he remained deeply unsatisfied with the bases of this structure he
knew to be so efficient for physics. His critics are often known through his
numerous controversies wih N. Bohr for a few decades. It has long been
suggested that his critics were obsolete and came from an aging man and that it
was more a question of philosophy anyway. After J. Bell's contribution however
it was claimed that the debate could be closed by an experimental proof, a
strange experimental intrusion in philosophy or a strange philosophy. Finally,
the experiment being performed, in particular in Orsay with the repeatedly
successful experiments of A. Aspect, it was claimed that N. Bohr won. Would the
debate be closed? Today and fifty years after his death, it seems that
Einstein's critics to quantum mechanics are being regarded differently. Why is
it so? Is it due to physics coming back to the debate? It will be attempted to
accurately report Einstein's writings on the matter and to find elements of
answer to the raised questions.Comment: 21 pages, fichier latex, seminaire donne le 8 septembre 2005 dans le
cadre de l'Annee de la Physiqu