International audienceDeveloping and producing medical devices and healthcare systems is a crucial issue, both for the economy and for providing safe advances in healthcare delivery. We propose a taxonomy of medical human machine systems and we define classes of healthcare applications for identifying a number of approaches and to overcome difficulties of bio-compatibility and bio-integration. Our aim is to demonstrate how medical devices design, and more generally human-machine system concepts and epistemology, depend on our skills to think and conceptualize generally human system integration. We claim that it is necessary to reclaim these concepts for ensuring correct by construction medical devices bio-compatibility and biointegrative properties from the early stage of the design process
