Review Article Is the Experience of Thermal Pain Genetics Dependent?

Abstract

Copyright © 2015 E. Horjales-Araujo and J. B. Dahl. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. It is suggested that genetic variations explain a significant portion of the variability in pain perception; therefore, increased understanding of pain-related genetic influences may identify new targets for therapies and treatments. The relative contribution of the different genes to the variance in clinical and experimental pain responses remains unknown. It is suggested that the genetic contributions to pain perception vary across painmodalities. For example, it has been suggested that more than 60 % of the variance in cold pressor responses can be explained by genetic factors; in comparison, only 26 % of the variance in heat pain responses is explained by these variations.Thus, the selection of painmodelmightmarkedly influence themagnitude of the association between the pain phenotype and genetic variability. Thermal pain sensation is complex with multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms operating alone and in combination within the peripheral and central nervous system. It is thus highly probable that the thermal pain experience is affected by genetic variants in one or more of the pathways involved in the thermal pain signaling. This review aims to present and discuss some of the genetic variations that have previously been associated with different experimental thermal pain models. 1