Real-world experience underscores the complexity of interactions among the multiple drivers of climate change risks and of interactions among multiple risks. However, a synthesis of recent climate change assessments and literature shows a holistic framework for assessing such complex climate change risks has not yet been achieved. Clarity is needed regarding
perspective, we present three categories of increasingly complex risk that focus on interactions among multiple drivers of risk, as well as multiple risks. A significant innovation is recognition that risk can arise from both potential impacts due to climate change and from responses to climate change. This approach encourages thinking that traverses sectoral and regional boundaries, and that links physical and socio-economic drivers of risk. Advancing assessment of climate change risk in this way is essential for informed decision-making to reduce negative climate change impacts
