This article discusses specifics of translation actions in simultaneous interpreting, one of the most complex activities of interpreting. Special characteristics of simultaneous interpreting process are analysed, including using of speech compression and prediction principles in simultaneous translation. Strong and weak points of this kind of interpreting activity are outlined as wel

Olimova Dilfuza Zokirovna

English

Middle European Scientific Bulletin

MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970  292      Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 22 March   2022         The specifics of translation actions in simultaneous interpreting.  Olimova Dilfuza Zokirovna, A lecturer of the department of Translation Studies and Language Education at Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan  Abstract: This article discusses specifics of translation actions  in simultaneous interpreting, one of the most complex activities of interpreting.  Special characteristics of simultaneous interpreting process are analysed,  including using of speech compression and prediction principles in simultaneous translation. Strong and weak points of this kind of interpreting activity are outlined as well. Keywords: simultaneous interpreting, consecutive interpreting, speech compression and prediction principles in simultaneous interpreting, advantages  and drawbacks of simultaneous interpreting.  I. Introduction It is easier to understand the specifics of translation actions in simultaneous interpreting when compared with interpreting actions in other types of translation. Unlike consequtive translation, simultaneous interpretation requires the availability of special technical equipment, and also requires the involvement of three or four simultaneous interpreters who know the topic of the event at a sufficiently high level.Simultaneous interpretation of the text will not be fixed, as a result, there is no way to return to it, correct something, supplement or clarify . In the interpretation process, the fundamental structure of the translation action remains the same, but the change volume of the object of action, and especially the object of orientation, introduces significant amendments to the nature of the flow of individual links of the action. It is carried out simultaneously with the perception of the original text, which completely excludes the possibility of using reference books, dictionaries and even the possibility of thinking about the final wording of the sentence. As a result, simultaneous translation is filled with a lot of phrase compression, substitutions and the use of concepts, which may result in a decrease in the level of translation. Another distinctive feature is the non-contact of each of the translated text segments. The translator does not have the opportunity to know in advance what will be said next in the speech he is translating. Each of the said phrases must be interpreted separately. One more not less important distinctive feature is the fact that simultaneous interpreting should be carried out simultaneously in several directions. The ability to switch is especially important here, and stress tolerance also plays an important role, since it is necessary to instantly solve emerging problems, ignoring the increasing psychological pressure. Literature Review In simultaneous translation, the personal qualities of the translator himself, his attentiveness, outlook, memory and resourcefulness play an important role. At simultaneous translation courses at universities, students are taught that "the translator must know everything" or strive for it.           Speech translation is also distinguished by the presence of unconditional advantages: the MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970  293      Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 22 March   2022        translator has the opportunity to receive feedback (even non-verbal), both from the text source and from its recipient. This contributes to the understanding of what is heard and its translation. In addition, he is able to ask the author of the spoken words to reformulate or repeat the phrase for its maximum perception. Unfortunately, there is no such possibility with written translation. In accordance with the accepted methodology for reviewing activities the structure of the translation action in the oral consecutive interpreting and written translation of written materials may be submitted.  In some translation actions, especially in those whose objects are initial components of the utterance in the source language, the translator will not have a clear understanding of the purpose of the utterance;  he can only put forward with a greater or lesser degree the assumption about the contours of the goals of the utterance (there is a concept that explains the successful performance of simultaneous translation by a probabilistic prediction mechanism;  we can observe the bibliography joint works of I. A. Zimnyaya and G. V. Chernov, as well as works by G. V. Chernov, V. A. Golenkov, S. A. Lukanina,E. N. Sladkovskaya, A. Shumikhina.It  should be noted that at the same time there are objections to such a concept. Main part Different studies have shown  that the object of orientation to each individual translation action is an entire statement in the source language. The following can be listed as advantages of simultaneous interpreting: a)simultaneous translation provides continuous perception of the speaker's speech, the language barrier between the speaker and the listeners disappears. This allows a speaker speaking in a foreign language to hold the attention of the audience, feel the mood and its reaction; b)the time of the event is reduced by half compared to consecutive translation;  c)translation can be carried out into several languages at once, for a large audience of listeners. Indeed, before deciding on the lexico-grammatical structure of the statement in the target language, the interpreter listens (in consecutive translation) or reads (in written  translation) the entire statement (sentence or group of sentences) as a whole. The results of orientation in these cases include, firstly, the construction in the mind of the translator of the internal structure of the utterance on his subjective the language of inner speech and awareness of the goals of the utterance. Moreover, complex of statements highlighted in the original naming guidelines that allow you to make a decision about the program the mathematical structure of the utterance and its lexical completion. The solution of the translation task and the implementation of the action give the product in the form of a complete statement in the target language. After doing the described action the interpreter proceeds to translate the next statements.  The object of orientation to the next translation action in simultaneous interpreting is not the whole statement, but only a part of it (syntagma, structural syntactic block, another segment). Therefore, the result of orientation under the conditions of the translation task there will be a construction in the mind of the translator of some fragment that forms the beginning of the internal program of the utterance, continuing or completing its formation. In simultaneous translation, the interpreter will not be able to select the full range of reference points necessary to make a decision about the grammatical structure of statements in the target language and about its specific lexical content. Apparently, he will have at his disposal only those guidelines that will allow him to predict  or less likely to guess how the original statement will unfold. With regard to lexical content,   only guidelines concerning the already perceived part statements   can be trustworthy , MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970  294      Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 22 March   2022        and even this provision should be accepted with a reservation: to determine the contextual meaning the perception of some words and phrases requires the perception of the subsequent parts of the statement. The interpreter's decision about grammatical organization the generated part of the statement in the target language and the vocabulary used will have the character of choice between several possible solutions and will be subject to verification during orientation in subsequent components of an utterance in the source language. Thus, the specifics of the translation action in synchronous' translation is as follows: - reduction of the orientation object from the whole utterances in the source language up to its separate part; - incompleteness of the translator's ideas about the semantic the structure of the statement translated in parts and about the purposes of the statement; - the lack of a set of benchmarks necessary to make a decision on the lexico-grammatical organization of the statement in the target language; — deciding on the grammatical structure and lexical content of only part of the statement;  the question of their further development and completion remains open until orientation in subsequent components of the utterance in the original language; - reduction of the product of action from the whole statement to its part. The stated specific features of translation actions in simultaneous translation cannot, obviously, be taken into account when developing a methodology for teaching simultaneous translation.   Conclusion Simultaneous translation is characterized by a significantly higher level of information loss and a lower level of its assimilation. This situation is associated with the use of speech compression techniques and techniques for predicting the speaker's speech. Speech compression is a way of reducing the syllabic value of a text without causing significant damage to the performance of the speaker's communicative task [1, pp.85-88]. Predicting the speaker's speech is possible only when the simultaneous interpreter has a high level of knowledge on the topic of the speaker. The use of these techniques is necessary due to the extremely limited amount of time allotted for translation. 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The specifics of translation actions in simultaneous interpreting.

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The specifics of translation actions in simultaneous interpreting.

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