This article describes the reorganization and activities of the Bukhara region branch of the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan in the early years, as well as its importance in the history of the Bukhara literary environment in 50-60’ of the 20th century. The article also provides the latest information on the basis of archival materials about the literary associations and circles established in the region

Hasanovich, Akhmatov Amonkeldi

English

Middle European Scientific Bulletin

MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970  248      Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 16 Sep   2021    Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  History of Bukhara Literary Environment in 1950-1960s  Akhmatov Amonkeldi Hasanovich Basic Doctorate (PhD) of Bukhara State University   Abstract: This article describes the reorganization and activities of the Bukhara region branch of the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan in the early years, as well as its importance in the history of the Bukhara literary environment in 50-60’ of the 20th century. The article also provides the latest information on the basis of archival materials about the literary associations and circles established in the region. Key words: History of the literary environment of Bukhara, writers’ association, literary associations, literary circles, literary evenings, editorial office, “Bukhara khakikati”, press, Toshpulat Khamidov,  Pedagogical Institute.  Introduction. According to historical data, by the 1950s, the processes in the regional literary circles of the Republic began to rise again. In particular, the work of the representatives of this literary circle was part of the general culture of the Uzbek people and had its own traditions due to its social characteristics. In the second half of the 20th century, many modern poets and writers lived and worked in the history of the literary environment of Bukhara. Although some of the Bukhara writers joined the literary environment of the capital and their later activities were connected with the capital, they were brought up and became famous in the literary environment of Bukhara. The reorganization of the Bukhara branch of the Writers’ Union and the wide involvement of young amateur artists opened a new page in the history of the Bukhara literary environment. Discussion. In particular, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR No. 293 of April 16, 1955, the Bukhara regional branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR was established on October 1, 1955 in Bukhara. The first meeting of the department was held on November 10, 1955, and was attended by more than 50 young artists [2, 82]. Toshpolat Hamidov, Ya. Gordon, A. Abdullaev, M. Bakoyev, Navruzov, A. Muminov, V.Turov, Sharofjon Orifiy, Gulshin took part in the first meeting. Also writers, poets, publicists: Chori Fayzullaev, Turob Ishboev, Sadulla Karimov, Fathi Ravirov, Gulom Shomurodov, Maksim Karimov, Amonov, Nurulla Ubaydov, Tilla Ashurov, Habib Qahhorov, Khadicha Sodikova, Mukbina Shodieva, Mirfayz Kazakov, Chori Bikliev and A. Niyozmuradovs were present [2,]. Toshpulat Hamidov has been appointed secretary of the Bukhara regional branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR. Toshpolat Hamidov, Executive Secretary of the Bukhara Branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR, acquainted the participants with the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR No. 293 of April 16, 1955. Also, the opening of a branch of the Union of Soviet Writers of the Uzbek SSR was announced in Bukhara. The tasks and organizational work of the regional branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR will be determined at the meeting of the department, which has been active since its inception. Including: a) approval of the members of the Plenum; b) Various issues such as approval of the composition of the commission on literary genres were considered [2, 82].  Toshpolat Hamidov spoke about the tasks and organizational issues of the regional branch of the MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970  249      Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 16 Sep   2021    Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Soviet Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan. In his speech, he spoke in detail about the tasks of the department and proposed to approve the composition of the presidium of the regional branch of the Union of Soviet Writers of Uzbekistan in the number of seven. According to him, the following persons are approved as members of the presidium of the regional branch: 1. Toshpulat Hamidov ‒ the secretary of the regional branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR; 2. Victor Turov ‒ member. He is also a teacher of Russian language and literature at the school named after Akhunboboyev of Kunjikala village council of Bukhara region. 3. Sharofjon Orifiy ‒ member. Molotov № 19th school principal, Kashkadarya region, Shahrisabz district. 4. Gulshin ‒ member. Editor of the regional newspaper “Kashkadarinskaya Pravda”, Kashkadarya region. 5. A. Abdullaev ‒ member. Head of the Department of Uzbek Literature of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Candidate of Philological Sciences. 6. Gardon Yakov Ilich - member. Teacher of the Department of Russian Literature, Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Candidate of Philological Sciences. 7. Muhammad Bakoyev ‒ member. Literary worker of Bukhara regional newspaper “Bukhara Haqiqati”  [2, 82]. T. Khamidov, A. Muminov, Turov, Ya. Gordon, M. Bakoyev, Navruzov and others will take part in the discussion of approval of the work plan of the Bukhara branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR for November-December 1955. The conclusion of the discussion will be read by Turov. V. Kim and M. Bakoyev are approved for the editorial office of the Bukhara branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR [2, 86]. The Bukhara branch of the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR was responsible for literary genres:  1. A. Abdullaev , head of the Department of Uzbek Literature.  2. Yakov Gordon, head of the Russian literature department 3. A. Muminov has been appointed the head of the department of literary criticism [2, 88]. The work plan of the department for November and December would be assigned to V. Turov. The first event organized by the department after its establishment was in December 1955 to hold a jubilee evening dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the regional musical-drama theater. A. Muminov was in charge of this event. Niyozmuradov will also be responsible for compiling an almanac in Russian and Uzbek. The collection and study of writers and poets who write on the subject of the collective farms, the acquisition of new lands, is entrusted to J.I. Gordon, A. Muminov will be responsible for organizing literary evenings in collective farms, factories and plants [2, 88]. The department, which began operations in October 1955, faces a number of economic challenges while working with young writers and poets. After the establishment of the department, he would had to work in a narrow room at 21 Kolkhozchilar Street, where the “Bukhara Haqiqati” editorial office was located. The editorial office used desk and book shelves that had been temporarily set aside. The lack of a typewriter complicated the technical side of designing the materials and delayed the constant response to letters from young artists around [2, 84]. In a letter dated November 28, 1955, Alyatdinov, Deputy Secretary of the Soviet Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan, promised to purchase equipment for the department in the first half of December. Alyadinov told Toshpolat Hamidov that a regular salary, a list of publications and which newspapers and magazines would be signed would be signed and funds would be allocated [2, 79]. MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970  250      Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 16 Sep   2021    Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ However, another document dated December 22, 1955, shows that the promises were still not fulfilled and remained on paper. The funds provided for office expenses under the estimate were not transferred to the department account. Also, one and a half thousand rubles, which were supposed to be given for the purchase of literature, had not been allocated. In his report, which was sent to the Writers ‘Union on December 22, 1955, the Secretary of the Bukhara branch of the Union of writers of Uzbekistan, Toshpolat Hamidov asked that the necessary stationery materials (table, chairs, bookcase and typewriter) should be sent quickly to the necessary needs of the department, at least for the primary activity, for a separate building and room [2, 84].   However, it is clear from the documents of July 1956 (July 8, 1956) that a number of shortcomings were not resolved, although the department tried to work effectively in organizational work. Although it has been in operation for eight months, unfortunately, so far the association’s desktop has not been allocated either. Toshpolat Hamidov reminded that it is impossible to work in such conditions and again asked the association to allocate, first of all, what is necessary for the department: 1. Desk; 2. 10 chairs; 3. Sofa; 4. Book shelf; 5. Typewriter; 6. Skater and carpet. In 1956, a separate room was allocated for the department on the territory of the Pedagogical Institute. However, due to the lack of necessary equipment, they were still forced to work in the cramped room of the “Bukhara Haqiqati” editorial office[1, 15]. The Bukhara branch of the Soviet Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan, in cooperation with the regional party committee, has been working effectively from the very beginning. In particular, they achieve the first achievements in the history of the Bukhara literary environment: From the end of November, 1955 in the Bukhara radio committee under the leadership of the young writer Navruzov the radio report "Theater in front of a microphone" was organized and regular performances of young artists were provided. On December 18, 1955, a literary page was organized in the “Bukhara Haqiqati” newspaper, which published the best works of experienced and amateur authors [2, 83]. Young poets V. Turov and A. Niyozmurodov for the first time collected manuscripts for the almanac of Bukhara artists in Russian and Uzbek languages. From November 26 to December 6, 1955, during a working trip to Kashkadarya region, practical assistance was provided to novice writers in the field of literature. In 1950-60, representatives of the Bukhara literary community regularly organized meetings with students of the School of Mechanization. During these literary evenings, the authors read excerpts from their best poems, works of amateur artists, well-known Russian and Uzbek Soviet writers. The department was in constant contact with the Bukhara Pedagogical Institute and organized regular meetings and seminars. At the initiative of the department with the participation of party organizations and the administration of the Pedagogical Institute organized literary evenings with the participation of young poets of the region, including students of the Pedagogical Institute: G. Shomurodov, D. Turaev, Maksim Karimov, H. Sodikova, F. Nasirov, T. Novichkov and others. The Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute also had a special literary atmosphere. Readers’ competitions and conferences for young artists were organized. There was a circle at the Department MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970  251      Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 16 Sep   2021    Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ of Literature. In particular, the author himself took part in the organization of a readers’ event in December 1962 on the novel “Shinelli yillar” under the leadership of Rector D. Namozov [3,188].  Some amateur young artists of the Bukhara Pedagogical Institute under the direction of the department performed on the republican radio network. In particular, on February 22, 1956 at the initiative of the department with the participation of the candidate of philological sciences A.Abdullaev twice appeared on the radio[1,4].  Also, at the beginning of the regional cotton planting campaign, students were sent on behalf of the department to the collective farms, state farms, livestock farms to participate in propaganda and entertainment activities. The writers continued to create contemporary works based on the needs of the Communist Party and the period. By the 60s of the 20th century there was activity in the works of writers, many great works appeared [4, 122].  Results. It should be noted that the process of filling the literary environment with new forces has become widespread. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Bukhara branch of the Writers’ Union brought together more than 70 young amateur artists [2, 83].  However, the admission of artists to the Republican Writers’ Union was difficult. Until Toshpolat Hamid joined the Writers’ Union of the Uzbek SSR in 1957, there was no representative from Bukhara [6, 350]. After that, one by one, Bukhara artists began to be accepted as members of the association. On Oybek’s recommendation, in 1968, Sharif Nurkhan became a member of the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan [5, 244- 245].   Conclusion. In conclusion, the tradition of literary coaching initiated by Sadriddin Ayni and Ghafur Ghulam had a special impact on the development of the literary environment of Bukhara. The literary coaching of republican word artists to young artists from Bukhara, especially since the 60s, has acquired a new content, has risen to a new level. Through such efforts, young artists were encouraged. “Bukhara sings” in this series, published in the 50s.  “Bouquet for October”, as well as the collection “Bukhara sings”, published in 1968, not only organized young artists, but also strengthened their confidence in their creative potential. As a result, by the 1960s, they had begun to boldly publish their collections of works: Toshpolat Hamid’s “In Honor of the Sun” (1960), Ahad Hasan’s “Lights” (1962), Nemat Aminov’s “Two Paid Prestige” (1968), Jamal Kamal’s “The World enters My Heart” (1968) were published one after another and they were admitted to membership. REFERENCES 1. O’zbekiston MDA, R-2356-fond, 1-ro’yxat, 375 ish, 2. O’zbekiston MDA, R-2356-fond, 1-ro’yxat, 405-ish,   3. O’zbekiston MDA, R-2356-fond, 1-ro’yxat, 772–ish, 4. O’zbekiston MDA, R-2356-fond, 2-ro’yxat, 459–ish 5. Oybegim mening. Tashkent: “Sharq”, 1994. -pp. 244-245.  6. Karaev T. Selected works, Volume II, T.: “Navruz Publishing House”, 2019, –p. 455 7. Akhmatov A.H. The Establishment of The Bukhara Regional Branch of The Writers’ Union Of Uzbekistan (Based On Archival Materials) 8. Axmatov A. Bukhara literary environment in the 50s of the 20th century / Proceedings of the Republican scientific-practical (online) conference on the history of Bukhara (from ancient times to the present), - pp.84-87. 

History of Bukhara Literary Environment in 1950-1960s

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History of Bukhara Literary Environment in 1950-1960s

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