Regularity and chaos in the nuclear masses

Abstract

Shell effects in atomic nuclei are a quantum mechanical manifestation of the single--particle motion of the nucleons. They are directly related to the structure and fluctuations of the single--particle spectrum. Our understanding of these fluctuations and of their connections with the regular or chaotic nature of the nucleonic motion has greatly increased in the last decades. In the first part of these lectures these advances, based on random matrix theories and semiclassical methods, are briefly reviewed. Their consequences on the thermodynamic properties of Fermi gases and, in particular, on the masses of atomic nuclei are then presented. The structure and importance of shell effects in the nuclear masses with regular and chaotic nucleonic motion are analyzed theoretically, and the results are compared to experimental data. We clearly display experimental evidence of both types of motionComment: 40 pages, 10 figures, Lectures delivered at the VIII Hispalensis International Summer School, Sevilla, Spain, June 2003 (to appear in Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer--Verlag, Eds. J. M. Arias and M. Lozano