Kvantmekaniken och vårt universum : Lever vi i en singel eller multipel värld?

Abstract

Den traditionella kvantmekaniken började utvecklas under 1920-talet, framförallt av den s.k. Köpenhamnsskolan under ledning av dansken Niels Bohr och personer i hans omgivning. Den var långt ifrån okontroversiell, och välkänd är dispyten mellan Bohr och Albert Einstein som pågick under flera decennier. Under 1950-talet introducerades en alternativ version av kvantmekaniken av Hugh Everett, då doktorand vid Princeton-universitetet. Denna version utvecklades sedermera till en s.k. fler-världs- eller multi-worlds-modell, som undvek vissa avsvårigheterna med Köpenhamns-modellen men som i stället introducerade nya sådana.Den gängse uppfattningen är att världen skapades genom en stor explosion, Big Bang, men det finns även teorier om att vårt universum skapades genom en explosion i ett tidigare existerande större universum. Det kan då finnas flera universa vid sidan om vårt, ett multiuniversum. Denna teori har kopplingar till Everetts multi-worlds-modell. Vi kan idag inte säga vilken kvantmekanisk modell som är mer korrekt.The traditional form of quantum mechanics started to develop in the 1920's, particularly within the Copenhagen school under the leadership of Niels Bohr and the people around him. This theory was by no means uncontroversial, and it is known to have caused a dispute between Bohr and Albert Einstein, which went on for several decades. An alternative formulation of quantum mechanics was introduced during the 1950's by Hugh Everett, who was then a research student at the Princeton university. His model was later to be developed into a so-called Many-Worlds model, which avoids certain difficulties inherent in the Copenhagen model, but only does so at the expense of introducing a number of new ones.The theory that our world was created by a great explosion, the Big Bang, is generally accepted; however, according to other theories our universe was created inside an already existing universe. It may then be possible that, together with our universe, there exist several others, forming a multi-universe or multiverse. This theory has connections to the many worlds model of Everett. Today it cannot be decided which interpretation of quantum mechanics is the more corre