Cassels FJ

Kolenbrander PE

Mishra A

Nyvad B

ABSTRACT
          
            Specific interbacterial adhesion, termed coaggregation, is well established for three early colonizers of the plaque biofilm: streptococci, actinomyces, and veillonellae. However, little is known about interactions of other early colonizers and about the extent of interactions within the bacterial community from a single host. To address these gaps, subject-specific culture collections from two individuals were established using an intraoral biofilm retrieval device. Molecular taxonomy (Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray [HOMIM]) analysis of biofilm samples confirmed the integrity and completeness of the collections. HOMIM analysis verified the isolation of
            Streptococcus gordonii
            and
            S. anginosus
            from only one subject, as well as isolation of a previously uncultivated streptococcal phylotype from the other subject. Strains representative of clonal diversity within each collection were further characterized. Greater than 70% of these streptococcal strains from each subject coaggregated with at least one other coisolate. One-third of the strains carry a known coaggregation mediator: receptor polysaccharide (RPS). Almost all nonstreptococcal isolates coaggregated with other coisolates. Importantly, certain
            Rothia
            strains demonstrated more coaggregations with their coisolated bacteria than did any
            Streptococcus
            or
            Actinomyces
            strain, and certain
            Haemophilus
            isolates participated in twice as many. Confocal microscopy of undisturbed biofilms showed that
            Rothia
            and
            Haemophilus
            each occur in small multispecies microcolonies. However, in confluent high-biomass regions,
            Rothia
            occurred in islands whereas
            Haemophilus
            was distributed throughout. Together, the data demonstrate that coaggregation networks within an individual's oral microflora are extensive and that
            Rothia
            and
            Haemophilus
            can be important initiators of cell-cell interactions in the early biofilm.
          
          
            IMPORTANCE
            Extensive involvement of specific interbacterial adhesion in dental plaque biofilm formation has been postulated based on
            in vitro
            coaggregation between oral bacteria from culture collections that are not subject specific. In the present study, subject-specific culture collections were obtained from early plaque biofilm of two volunteers, and coaggregations within each culture collection were assayed. Coaggregations, several of which involved a coaggregation-mediating cell surface molecule known from well-studied streptococci, were widespread. Unexpectedly, the little-studied organisms
            Haemophilus
            and
            Rothia
            participated in the greatest numbers of interactions with community members; these two organisms showed different distributions within the undisturbed biofilm. The data show that coaggregation networks encompass most organisms within the biofilm community of each individual, and they indicate prominent participation of organisms such as
            Haemophilus
            and
            Rothia
            in early plaque biofilm formation.
          </jats:p

Robert J. Palmer

Nehal Shah

Alex Valm

Bruce Paster

Floyd Dewhirst

Taichi Inui

John O. Cisar

Crossref

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Interbacterial Adhesion Networks within Early Oral Biofilms of Single Human Hosts

Interbacterial Adhesion Networks within Early Oral Biofilms of Single Human Hosts

Abstract

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