The aim of this paper was to investigate maize inbred lines and their hybrids for the genetic variability and mode of inheritance of plant height, cob weight and grain yield. Twelve inbred lines (eight domestic and four US ones) were used to analyze genetic variability and mode of inheritance. Statistical date analysis showed that there was genetic variability among the inbreds lines for each of the traits analyzed. The results of the study confirmed that superdominance is the mode of inheritance of all three traits studied

Boćanski, Jan

Nastasić, Aleksandra

Srećkov, Zorana

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Originalni nau~ni rad - Orig i nal sci en tific paperMODE OF INHERITANCE OF COB WEIGHT AND GRAIN YIELD IN MAIZEJan Bo}anski1, Zorana Sre}kov1, Aleksandra Nastasi}21Faculty of Ag ri cul ture, Novi Sad2Institute of Field and Veg e ta ble Crops, Novi SadSum mary: The aim of this pa per was to in ves ti gate maize in bred linesand their hy brids for the ge netic vari abil ity and mode of in her i tance of plantheight, cob weight and grain yield.Twelve in bred lines (eight do mes tic and four US ones) were used to an a -lyze ge netic vari abil ity and mode of in her i tance. Sta tis ti cal date anal y sisshowed that there was ge netic vari abil ity among the inbreds lines for each ofthe traits an a lyzed. The re sults of the study comfirmed that superdominanceis the mode of in her i tance of all three traits stud ied.Key words: maize, ge netic anal y sis, in her i tance, plant height, cobweight, grain yieldIn tro duc tionMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most im por tant field crops in the world. Itis a ma jor crop for live stock feed and hu man nu tri tion in a num ber of de vel opedand de vel op ing coun tries. One of the top break throughs in mod ern ag ri cul turecame with the dis cov ery of heterosis, and this phe nom e non is con sid ered one ofthe main rea sons be hind suc cess ful in dus trial pro duc tion of maize (Malik et al.,2004).The main goal of any maize breed ing pro gram is to ob tain new inbreds andhy brids that will out per form the ex ist ing hy brids with re spect to a num ber oftraits. In work ing to wards this goal, par tic u lar at ten tion is paid to grain yield asthe most im por tant ag ro nomic char ac ter is tic. A great deal of at ten tion is alsopaid to the com po nents of yield, as grain yield is a com plex char ac ter that de -pends on a num ber of fac tors.The ob jec tive of this pa per was to de ter mine ge netic vari abil ity and themode of in her i tance for plant height, cob weight, and grain yield in in bred linesand their hy brids.Ma te rial and Meth odsIn the pres ent study we eval u ated 12 in bred lines and their hy brids. Eight ofthe inbreds (62/IV, 137/IV, 212 A, 75/IV, 54/IV, 9/IV, NS L 1000 and NS L 1001)came from the do mes tic germplasm stock, while four (B 73 L, B 73 Ht, B 37 andN 152) were from the U.S.A. Dur ing 2001, the pa ren tal lines and their hy bridswere eval u ated in field ex per i ments in a sin gle lo ca tion (Rimski Sancevi) us ing acom plete block de sign with three rep li ca tions. Each plot con sisted of one 5 m47long row. The spac ing was 0.70 m be tween the plots and 0.25 m be tween theplants. The stan dard maize grow ing tech nique was used and har vest ing wasdone by hand.The data for plant height, cob weight and grain yield per plant were re -corded on 30 ran domly taken com pet i tive plants.The data were sub jected to the stan dard sta tis ti cal tech nique for the anal y -sis of vari ance in or der to es tab lish the level of sig nif i cance among ge no types.The arith me tic mean (x), stan dard de vi a tion (s), stan dard er ror (Sx) and co ef fi -cient of vari a tion (V) were determinated ac cord ing to Singh and Chaudhary(1985).In the eval u a tion of the mode of in her i tance, the LSD test of the mean valueof the F1 gen er a tion was used relatave to the pa ren tal av er age (Had`ivukovi},1973).Re sults and Dis cus sionPlant heightPlant height is a highly im por tant char ac ter not only for de scrib ing newmaize varietes but for green and dry mat ter pro duc tion and even grain yield aswell (Zsubori et al., 2002).The high est mean value of plant height was ob tained in the line NS L 1001and the low est in 75/IV. Highly sig nif i cant dif fer ences were ob served be tween the in bred line with the max i mum mean value and all the other lines with the ex cep -tion of B 73 Ht and N 152. The line 75/IV ex hib ited sig nif i cant dif fer ences rel a tiveto B 73 Ht, B 37 and N 152. Sig nif i cant dif fer ences were also found be tween theline N 152 on the one hand and NS L 1000, 9/IV, 54/IV, 212 A, 137/IV, 62/IV and B73 L on the other.The high est vari a tion ac cord ing to stan dard de vi a tion was re corded in theline NS L 1000 and the low est in 9/IV (Tab. 1).Among the hy brids, the high est mean value of plant height was ob served inthe com bi na tion B 73 Ht × 54/IV. This value was sig nif i cantly dif fer ent from theval ues found in B37 × 137/IV and NS L 1000 × B 73 Ht as well as highly sig nif i -cant dif fer ent from those re corded in 73 L × 137/IV and B 73 Ht × 212 A (Tab. 1).The hy brid com bi na tion B 73 L × 137/IV had the low est mean value and was sig -nif i cantly dif fer ent from the hy brid com bi na tion NS L 1001 × N 152.The high est vari abil ity by stan dard de vi a tion was ob served in the hy brid B73 × 137/IV and the low est in NS L 1000 × N 152.In the inbreds, the co ef fi cients of vari a tion for plant height ranged from1.4% (9/IV) to 7.9% (NS L 1000), while in the hy brid com bi na tions the vari a tionwas from 0.2% (NS L 1000 × N 152) to 7.7% (B 73 L×137/IV).All of the hy brid com bi na tions stud ied had pos i tive heterosis as the modeof in her i tance of plant height (Tab. 1). The re sults ob tained in this pa per are inac cor dance with those ob tained by Ed wards and Lamkey (2002) and Alvi et al.(2003) and par tially sim i lar to the find ings of Sujiprihati (1996), who ob tainedfull dom i nance and overdominance as the mode of in her i tance of this trait. Ourre sults are con trary to those ob tained by Lu et al (2003), who re ported par tialdom i nance as the mode of in her i tance of plant height.48 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi SadTab. 1. Av er ages, in dex of vari a tion and mode of in her i tance of plant height (cm)Lines and hy brids X±SX S V (%)Mode of in her i tanceB 73 L 194.5±2.7 3.5 1.8B 73 Ht 206.5±3.4 5.9 2.9B 37 202.0±2.6 4.5 2.262/IV 180.7±8.1 14.0 7.8137/ IV 177.3±2.4 4.2 2.3212 A 173.7±4.8 8.4 4.875/IV 170.7±4.1 7.1 4.254/IV 195.5±8.6 15.0 7.79/IV 179.2±1.4 2.5 1.4NS L 1000 193.8±8.8 15.3 7.9N 152 229.0±3.6 6.2 2.7NS L 1001 239.7±6.4 11.2 4.7B 73 L × 137/IV 277.5±12.3 21.4 7.7 s.d.B 37 × 137/IV 285.0±1.5 2.6 0.9 s.d.B 73 Ht × 212 A 279.0±3.5 6.1 2.2 s.d.62/IV × 75/IV 299.3±6.5 11.3 3.8 s.d.B 73 Ht × 54/IV 319.2±0.7 1.3 0.4 s.d.B 37 × 9/IV 294.8±1.2 2.1 0.7 s.d.NS L 1000 × N 152 302.8±0.3 0.6 0.2 s.d.NS L 1000 × B 73 Ht 289.2±4.9 8.5 2.9 s.d.NS L 1001 × N 152 312.2±7.8 13.6 4.3 s.d.LSD 0.05LSD 0.0128.1137.41Cob weightThe av er age val ues, in dex of vari a tion and mode of in her i tance for cobweight are shown in Ta ble 2.The high est mean value of cob weight was found in the in bred line B 73 L.This mean was highly sig nif i cantly dif fer ent from those found in the lines 62/IV,75/IV, 54/IV and 9/IV. The low est mean value was re corded in the line 75/IV, witha highly signicant dif fer ence rel a tive to the lines B 73 L, B 37, NS L 1000, N 152and NS L 1001.The high est cob weight vari a tion was ob served in the line N 152 and thelow est in 9/IV.The hy brid com bi na tion B 37 × 137/IV had the high est mean value of cobweight, while NS L 1001 × N 152 had the low est. The test for de ter min ing the sig -nif i cance of dif fer ences among means did not re veal any sig nif i cant dif fer encesamong the hybrids.The high est vari a tion was found in the com bi na tion B 37 × 137/IV and thelow est in 62/IV × 75/IV.The co ef fi cient of vari a tion ranged from 2.94 % (B 37) to 17.95% (N 152) inthe in bred lines and from 3.93% (62/IV × 75/IV) to 14.05% (NS L 1001 × N 152)in the hy brids.Zbornik radova, Sveska 45, 2008. 49In all the hy brid com bi na tions, the mode of in her i tance of cob weight wassuperdominance, which is in ac cor dance with the re sults ob tained by Bocanski(1988), Suba et al. (2001), Geetha and Jayaraman (2001), Bocanski et al.(2004a), and Bocanski et al. (2005).Tab. 2. Av er ages, in dex of vari a tion and mode of in her i tance of cob weight (g)Lines and hy brids X±SX s V (%)Mode of in her i tanceB 73 L 32.02±1.57 2.73 8.52B 73 Ht 21.28±1.49 2.58 12.12B 37 29.89±0.51 0.88 2.9462/IV 19.88±1.01 1.75 8.80137/ IV 21.22±0.74 1.28 6.03212 A 22.62±1.12 1.94 8.5775/IV 16.48±1.37 2.37 14.3854/IV 19.77±0.76 1.31 6.639/IV 18.44±0.51 0.88 4.77NS L 1000 27.67±0.85 1.48 5.35N 152 26.68±2.77 4.79 17.95NS L 1001 29.41±1.95 3.38 11.49B 73 L × 137/IV 50.49±1.83 3.17 6.27 s.d.B 37 × 137/IV 51.74±3.87 6.70 12.94 s.d.B 73 Ht × 212 A 36.82±1.67 2.88 7.82 s.d.62/IV × 75/IV 38.71±0.87 1.52 3.93 s.d.B 73 Ht × 54/IV 46.60±3.15 5.45 11.70 s.d.B 37 × 9/IV 42.60±2.84 4.91 11.52 s.d.NS L 1000 × N 152 44.67±2.07 3.58 8.01 s.d.NS L 1000 × B 73 Ht 43.73±2.30 3.98 9.10 s.d.NS L 1001 × N 152 34.01±2.76 4.78 14.05 s.d.LSD 0.05LSD 0.015.6087.504Grain yield per plantAmong the inbreds, the high est mean value was found in the in bred line NSL 1001 and the low est in the line 137/IV (Tab.3). The in bred line with the high estmean value (NS L 1001) was sig nif i cantly dif fer ent in this re spect from the lines B73 L, B 73 Ht, B 37, 137/IV, 212 A, 75/IV, 54/IV and 9/IV. The mean value of grainyield per plant re corded in the line 137/IV was sig nif i cantly lower than the av er -ages found in the lines B 73 L, 62/IV, NS L 1000, N 152 and NS L 1001. No sig nif i -cant dif fer ences were ob served be tween the lines NS L 1000 and N 152, but themean val ues of these two lines were sig nif i cantly dif fer ent from those of B 73 Ht,B37, 75/IV and 9/IV.The high est vari a tion of grain yield per plant by stan dard de vi a tion wasfound in the line NS L 1001 and the low est in B 37.50 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi SadAmong the hy brids, the high est mean value of the stud ied trait was re -corded in the com bi na tion NS L 1001×N 152 and the low est in NS L 1000 × B 73Ht (Tab.3). Sig nif i cant dif fer ences were found only be tween the hy brid com bi na -tion with the high est mean (NS L 1001 × N 152) and that with the low est (NSL1000 × B 73Ht).In hy brids, the high est vari a tion of grain yield per plant ac cord ing to stan -dard de vi a tion was found the com bi na tion NS L 1001 × N 152, wshile 62/IV ×75/IV had the low est (Tab.3).The co ef fi cient of vari a tion ranged from 2.95 (N 152) to 16.09% (B 73 Ht) inthe inbreds and from 2.52 (62/IV × 75/IV) to 12.71% (NS L 1001 × N 152) in thehy brids.All the hy brid com bi na tions had superdominance as the mode of in her i -tance of grain yield. The re sults of our study are sup ported by the find ings ofmany other au thors (Bocanski, 1988; Bocanski et al., 1999, Wolf et al., 2000;Vales et al, 2001; Ed wards and Lamkey, 2002; Michelson et al., 2002; Lu et al.,2003; Soengas et al., 2003; Bocanski et al, 2004 a, b; Tollernaar et al., 2004;Unay et al., 2004; Bocanski et al, 2005), who also found superdominance asmode of in her i tance of grain yield in their studies.Tab. 3. Av er ages, in dex of vari a tion and mode of in her i tance of grain yield (g)Lines and hy brids X±SX s V (%)Mode of in her i tanceB 73 L 115.18±9.08 15.73 13.66B 73 Ht 83.28±7.74 13.40 16.09B 37 94.55±1.93 3.34 3.5362/IV 121.89±7.32 12.69 10.41137/ IV 69.64±5.45 9.44 13.56212 A 105.96±3.24 5.61 5.2975/IV 89.80±5.60 9.69 10.7954/IV 105.41±3.99 6.91 6.559/IV 87.56±3.67 6.35 7.25NS L 1000 139.67±9.01 15.60 11.17N 152 148.59±2.53 4.38 2.95NS L 1001 175.80±9.55 16.55 9.41B 73 L × 137/IV 251.46±12.26 21.23 8.44 s.d.B 37 × 137/IV 236.99±10.98 19.02 8.44 s.d.B 73 Ht × 212 A 230.03±7.91 13.75 5.98 s.d.62/IV × 75/IV 249.96±3.64 6.31 2.52 s.d,B 73 Ht × 54/IV 252.29±16.25 28.14 11.15 s.d.B 37 × 9/IV 243.87±13.52 23.43 9.61 s.d.NS L 1000 × N 152 218.67±10.86 18.81 8.60 s.d.NS L 1000 × B 73 200.55±6.91 11.97 5.97 s.d.NS L 1001 × N 152 255.26±18.73 32.44 12.71 s.d.LSD 0.05LSD 0.0125.4634.07Zbornik radova, Sveska 45, 2008. 51Con clu sionThe in bred line NS L 1001 had the high est mean value of plant height. Thesame line also had the high est mean value of grain yield per plant, while thehigh est mean value of cob weight was pro duced by the in bred line B 73 L. Thelow est mean val ues of plant height and cob weight were found in the line 75/IV.The line 137/IV had the low est av er age grain yield.The in bred line B 73 Ht in com bi na tion with the line 54/IV (B 73 Ht × 54/IV)had the high est mean value of plant height, while the com bi na tion of the sameline with 137/IV (B 73 Ht × 137/IV) pro duced the low est mean value of this trait.The high est mean value of cob weight was found in the com bi na tion B 37 ×137/IV and the low est in NS L 1001×N 152. For grain yield, the high est value wasfound in NS L 1001×N 152, and the low est in NS L 1000×B 73.Super dom i nance was the mode of in her i tance of the three stud ied traits.Ref er encesAlvi, M. B., M. Rafique, M. S. Tariq, A. Hussain, T. Mahmood, M. 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Mode of inheritance of cob weight and grain yield in maize

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Mode of inheritance of cob weight and grain yield in maize

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