Nove sorte višnje (Prunus cerasus L.) stvorene u Institutu za voćarstvo u Čačku

Abstract

The paper presents results of the two-year (2014-2015) study of flowering and ripening time, morphometric properties and biochemical composition of fruits, and field resistance to economically important diseases and pests of newly-recognized sour cherry cultivars ‘Iskra’ (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Rubin), ‘Nevena’ (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel) and ‘Sofija’ (Čačanski Rubin × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel). The new cultivars have large and high quality fruits, with light red (‘Iskra’), dark red (‘Nevena’) and red (‘Sofija’) skin colour. The ripening time was in the second decade (‘Sofija’), i.e. in the third decade of June (‘Nevena’ and ‘Iskra’). The cultivars exhibited a high level of field resistance to Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx. and Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex Whetz. Due to the numerous positive bio-economic characteristics, the newly recognized sour cherry cultivars developed at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, deserve to be given a place in commercial orchards, as well as in parental combinations of sour cherry breeding programmes.U radu su predstavljeni dvogodišnji rezultati (2014-2015. godina) ispitivanja fenofaza cvetanja i sazrevanja, morfometrijskih osobina i biohemijskog sastava ploda, kao i poljske otpornosti na ekonomski najznačajnije bolesti i štetočine, novopriznatih sorti višnje Iskra (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Rubin), Nevena (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel) i Sofija (Čačanski Rubin × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel). Nove sorte se odlikuju krupnim i kvalitetnim plodovima, svetlocrvene (Iskra), tamnocrvene (Nevena) i crvene boje pokožice (Sofija), koji sazrevaju u drugoj (Sofija), odnosno trećoj dekadi juna (Nevena i Iskra). Ispoljavaju značajan stepen poljske otpornosti na Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx. i Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex Whetz. Zbog brojnih pozitivnih biološko-privrednih osobina, novopriznate sorte višnje stvorene u Institutu za voćarstvo u Čačku zaslužuju da se nađu u komercijalnim zasadima, kao i u roditeljskim kombinacijama programa oplemenjivanja višnje